Effect of ruminally unprotected Echium oil on milk yield, composition and fatty acid profile in mid-lactation goats

2016 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuela Renna ◽  
Carola Lussiana ◽  
Paolo Cornale ◽  
Luca Maria Battaglini ◽  
Riccardo Fortina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Goat Milk ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
Ruminal Biohydrogenation ◽  
Biohydrogenation Intermediates

This study investigated the effects on goat milk yield and composition of a diet supplemented with Echium plantagineum oil (EPO). Twenty-four mid-lactation multiparous Camosciata goats were divided into two balanced groups and fed for 44 d a diet based on hay and concentrate, supplemented (EPO group, Echium) or not (CON group, control) with 40 ml of ruminally unprotected EPO. Individual milk yield was recorded and individual milk samples were collected at 11, 22, 33, and 44 d after supplementation. Milk samples were analysed for milk components and fatty acids (FA). Data were statistically analysed by repeated-measures analysis of variance. Milk yield, protein and lactose contents were significantly higher in EPO than CON group. The inclusion of EPO significantly decreased total saturated FA and total branched-chain FA, and contemporarily sharply increased trans biohydrogenation intermediates (P ⩽ 0·001). Milk concentration of α-linolenic, stearidonic and γ-linolenic acids increased by 23, 1000 and 67%, respectively (P ⩽ 0·001). Due to extensive ruminal biohydrogenation, their apparent transfer rate was less than 3%. As a consequence, the milk concentrations of very long-chain (VLC) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), such as eicosapentaenoic (20:5 n-3) and dihomo-γ-linolenic (20:3 n-6) acids, significantly increased with EPO treatment, but values remained very low. Docosahexaenoic acid (22:6 n-3) was undetectable in all analysed milk samples. Results show that ruminally unprotected EPO can enhance milk yield and protein and improve the overall goat milk FA profile. However, this kind of supplementation cannot be considered a valuable strategy to develop goat functional dairy products enriched with VLC n-3 PUFA for human consumption.

scholarly journals Branched chain fatty acids in the flavour of sheep and goat milk and meat: a review

2021 ◽  
pp. 106398
Author(s):  
Peter J. Watkins ◽  
Jerad R. Jaborek ◽  
Fei Teng ◽  
Li Day ◽  
Hardy Z. Castada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Goat Milk ◽  
Branched Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

scholarly journals Effect of Chlorella Vulgaris and Japonochytrium sp. Microalgae Supplementation on Composition and Fatty Acid Profile of Goat Milk

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
pp. 1585-1593
Author(s):  
Klára Novotná ◽  
Milena Fantová ◽  
Lenka Nohejlová ◽  
Markéta Borková ◽  
Luděk Stádník ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Profile ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Chlorella Vulgaris ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Goat Milk ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Basic Composition ◽  
Experimental Group

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of two species of the microalgae on the milk yield, the basic composition and the fatty acid profile of goat milk, with focus on n‑3 fatty acids. Forty‑five White short‑haired goats were randomly allocated to three groups; the control group (C) with no supplementation microalgae to the diet. The first experimental group (Ch) was supplemented with Chlorella vulgaris and second experimental group (J) has been supplemented with Japonochytrium sp. The Japonochytrium supplementation negatively affected milk yield, but the amount of milk fat (+0.1 %; +0.45 %) and solids‑not‑fat (+0.27 %; +0.86 %) were higher than in group C and Ch. The amount of polyunsaturated (5.527 % ± 0.378) and saturated (71.560 % ± 0.861) fatty acids was also highest in group J. An increase of C20:4, C20:5 was detected in J and Ch, and the concentration of C22:6 was highest in group J (+0.019 %; P < 0.001).

scholarly journals Effect of Rearing System on the Straight and Branched Fatty Acids of Goat Milk and Meat of Suckling Kids

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 471
Author(s):  
Guillermo Ripoll ◽  
María Jesús Alcalde ◽  
Anastasio Argüello ◽  
María de Guía Córdoba ◽  
Begoña Panea
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Goat Milk ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Dairy Goat ◽  
Branched Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
Milk Replacers ◽  
Fatty Acid Compositions ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Goat meat is considered healthy because it has fewer calories and fat than meat from other traditional meat species. It is also rich in branched chain fatty acids that have health advantages when consumed. We studied the effects of maternal milk and milk replacers fed to suckling kids of four breeds on the straight and branched fatty acid compositions of their muscle. In addition, the proximal and fatty acid compositions of colostrum and milk were studied. Goat colostrum had more protein and fat and less lactose than milk. Goat milk is an important source of healthy fatty acids such as C18:1 c9 and C18:2 n–6. Suckling kid meat was also an important source of C18:1c9. Dairy goat breeds had higher percentages of trans monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) and most of the C18:1 isomers but lower amounts of total MUFAs than meat breeds. However, these dairy kids had meat with a lower percentage of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) than meat kids. The meat of kids fed natural milk had higher amounts of CLA and branched chain fatty acids (BCFAs) and lower amounts of n–6 fatty acids than kids fed milk replacers. Both milk and meat are a source of linoleic, α-linolenic, docosahexaenoic, eicosapentaenoic and arachidonic fatty acids, which are essential fatty acids and healthy long-chain fatty acids.

Effect of lipid supplements on ruminal biohydrogenation intermediates and muscle fatty acids in lambs

2007 ◽  
Vol 109 (8) ◽  
pp. 868-878 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui J. B. Bessa ◽  
Susana P. Alves ◽  
Eliana Jerónimo ◽  
Cristina M. Alfaia ◽  
José A. M. Prates ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Ruminal Biohydrogenation ◽  
Biohydrogenation Intermediates

scholarly journals Ruminal biohydrogenation as affected by tanninsin vitro

2008 ◽  
Vol 102 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Vasta ◽  
Harinder P. S. Makkar ◽  
Marcello Mele ◽  
Alessandro Priolo
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Vaccenic Acid ◽  
Acacia Cyanophylla ◽  
Total Conjugated Linoleic Acid ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
Micro Organisms ◽  
Ruminal Biohydrogenation

The aim of the present work was to study the effects of tannins from carob (CT;Ceratonia siliqua), acacia leaves (AT;Acacia cyanophylla) and quebracho (QT;Schinopsis lorentzii) on ruminal biohydrogenationin vitro.The tannins extracted from CT, AT and QT were incubated for 12 h in glass syringes in cow buffered ruminal fluid (BRF) with hay or hay plus concentrate as a substrate. Within each feed, three concentrations of tannins were used (0·0, 0·6 and 1·0 mg/ml BRF). The branched-chain volatile fatty acids, the branched-chain fatty acids and the microbial protein concentration were reduced (P < 0·05) by tannins. In the tannin-containing fermenters, vaccenic acid was accumulated (+23 %,P < 0·01) while stearic acid was reduced ( − 16 %,P < 0·0005). The concentration of total conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomers in the BRF was not affected by tannins. The assay on linoleic acid isomerase (LA-I) showed that the enzyme activity (nmol CLA produced/min per mg protein) was unaffected by the inclusion of tannins in the fermenters. However, the CLA produced by LA-I (nmol/ml per min) was lower in the presence of tannins. These results suggest that tannins reduce ruminal biohydrogenation through the inhibition of the activity of ruminal micro-organisms.

scholarly journals Autochthonous dairy goat breeds showed better milk quality than Saanen under the same environmental conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Currò ◽  
Carmen L. Manuelian ◽  
Massimo De Marchi ◽  
Pasquale De Palo ◽  
Salvatore Claps ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Goat Milk ◽  
Milk Quality ◽  
Dairy Goat ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Biodiversity Preservation ◽  
Similar Content ◽  
Cheese Production

Abstract. Studies on goat milk have mainly focused on cosmopolitan breeds and very limited information is available on local breeds, which is important for biodiversity preservation and local cheese production. The aim of this study was to evaluate the breed effect on milk yield, composition and somatic cell score (SCS) of five local Italian goat breeds (Garganica, Girgentana, Jonica, Maltese and Mediterranean Red) compared with a cosmopolitan specialized dairy breed (Saanen). A total of 60 goats (10 per breed) from an experimental farm were enrolled in the study. Milk yield, composition and SCS were recorded and analyzed every 2 weeks during the entire lactation. Data were analyzed using a mixed model with repeated measures. Saanen yielded between 0.27 and 0.62 kg day−1 more milk than the local breeds. Among local breeds, Maltese and Jonica were the most productive, with an average of 1.28 and 1.25 kg day−1, respectively, while Mediterranean Red, Garganica and Girgentana produced ≤1 kg day−1. Saanen had the highest SCS (6.81) and the lowest fat content (3.26 %). In relation to protein, Garganica showed the greatest content (3.71 %), and Saanen had a similar content to other local breeds (3.42 %) except for Maltese, which was lower (3.11 %). Saanen and Garganica had the lowest lactose percentage (4.28 % and 4.26 %, respectively). All breeds followed a similar pattern across lactation: SCS and fat and protein content peaked at the end of the lactation, whereas lactose percentage was highest at the beginning of the lactation. Differences between Saanen and the local breeds for milk yield, composition and SCS were consistent across lactation. In conclusion, local breeds produced less milk but with lower SCS and greater fat and lactose content than the Saanen cosmopolitan breed, suggesting a better milk quality.

Associations between concentrations of fat and intermediates of ruminal biohydrogenation in milk of dairy cows

1998 ◽  
Vol 1998 ◽  
pp. 224-224
Author(s):  
J.R. Newbold ◽  
K.L. Robertshaw ◽  
H.W. Morris
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Fat Synthesis ◽  
Dairy Cow Nutrition ◽  
Ruminal Biohydrogenation ◽  
Biohydrogenation Intermediates ◽  
Hydrogenated Vegetable Oil ◽  
Milk Fat Synthesis

Rumen bacteria convert polyunsaturated C18 fatty acids to stearic acid (CI8:0) by biohydrogenation. Intermediates include a family of cis/trans isomers of linoleic acid known as conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and a family of trans isomers of oleic acid (C18:1), chiefly trans-11 C18:1. Trans fatty acids inhibit milk fat synthesis in cows, an effect which Griinari et al. (1997) attributed specifically to trans-10 C18:1. Biohydrogenation intermediates can be incorporated directly into milk. In humans, trans C18:1 in hydrogenated vegetable oil (chiefly trans-9 C18:1) mimic saturated fatty acids as a risk factor for heart disease (Judd et al., 1994) and may inhibit milk fat synthesis. CLA may be anticarcinogenic (Parodi, 1997). It is important, therefore, to understand the effect of dairy cow nutrition on biohydrogenation intermediates.

Using of sunflower silage instead of corn silage in the diets of goat

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Yýldýz ◽  
S. Erdoðan
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Important Determinant ◽  
Goat Milk ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Effective Strategy

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of using sunflower silage instead of corn silage for goats in early lactation on rumen and blood parameters and milk yield and composition. Saanen x Hair goat crossbred were used to assess their milk yield and composition with four diets, where corn silage (CS) was substituted with sunflower silage (SS) at amounts of 0, 34, 66 and 100 % of diets, respectively. The concentrations of C18:1 cis-9, C18:2 cis-9, trans-11 (CLA), C18:3n6 and C18:3n:3 fatty acids increased, due to the increase in the content of SS in the diet, and the highest levels of these fatty acids were found in the 100SS group (P less than 0.05). In conclusion, the roughage source represents an effective strategy for altering the fatty acid composition of goat milk, with evidence that the total mixed ration is an important determinant of ruminal unsaturated fatty acid metabolism in the goat.

scholarly journals Novel Biomarkers of Mastitis in Goat Milk Revealed by MALDI-TOF-MS-Based Peptide Profiling

Biology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 193
Author(s):  
Monica Matuozzo ◽  
Maria Stefania Spagnuolo ◽  
Hany A. Hussein ◽  
A. M. Gomaa ◽  
Andrea Scaloni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Goat Milk ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Maldi Tof Ms ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Maldi Tof ◽  
Tof Ms

Mastitis is the most common infection of dairy goats impairing milk production and quality, which is usually recognized by mammary gland visual inspection and palpation. Subclinical forms of the disease are also widely represented, which lack the typical signs of the clinical ones but are still associated with reduced production and safety for human consumption of milk, generally presenting a high bacterial count. In order to obtain novel analytical tools for rapid and non-invasive diagnosis of mastitis in goats, we analyzed milk samples from healthy, subclinical and clinical mastitic animals with a MALDI-TOF-MS-based peptidomic platform, generating disease group-specific spectral profiles whose signal intensity and mass values were analyzed by statistics. Peculiar spectral signatures of mastitis with respect to the control were identified, while no significant spectral differences were observed between clinical and subclinical milk samples. Discriminant signals were assigned to specific peptides through nanoLC-ESI-Q-Orbitrap-MS/MS experiments. Some of these molecules were predicted to have an antimicrobial activity based on their strong similarity with homolog bioactive compounds from other mammals. Through the definition of a panel of peptide biomarkers, this study provides a very rapid and low-cost method to routinely detect mastitic milk samples even though no evident clinical signs in the mammary gland are observed.

scholarly journals Functional Odd- and Branched-Chain Fatty Acid in Sheep and Goat Milk and Cheeses

Dairy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-89
Author(s):  
Anna Nudda ◽  
Fabio Correddu ◽  
Alberto Cesarani ◽  
Giuseppe Pulina ◽  
Gianni Battacone
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Goat Milk ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Sheep And Goats ◽  
Fresh Cheese ◽  
Branched Chain

The inverse association between the groups of odd-chain (OCFA) and branched-chain (BCFA) and the development of diseases in humans have generated interest in the scientific community. In experiment 1, the extent of the passage of odd- and branched-chain fatty acids (OBCFA) from milk fat to fresh cheese fat was studied in sheep and goats. Milk collected in two milk processing plants in west Sardinia (Italy) was sampled every 2 weeks during spring (March, April and May). In addition, a survey was carried out to evaluate the seasonal variation of the OBCFA concentrations in sheep and goats’ cheeses during all lactation period from January to June. Furthermore, to assess the main differences among the sheep and goat cheese, principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to cheese fatty acids (FA) profile. Concentrations of OBCFA in fresh cheese fat of both species were strongly related to the FA content in the unprocessed raw milk. The average contents of OBCFA were 4.12 and 4.13 mg/100 mg of FA in sheep milk and cheese, respectively, and 3.12 and 3.17 mg/100 mg of FA in goat milk and cheese, respectively. The OBCFA concentration did no differed between milk and cheese in any species. The content of OBCFA was significantly higher in sheep than goats’ dairy products. The OBCFA composition of the cheese was markedly affected by the period of sampling in both species: odd and branched FA concentrations increased from March to June. The seasonal changes of OBCFA in dairy products were likely connected to variations in the quality of the diet. The PCA confirmed the higher nutritional quality of sheep cheese for beneficial FA, including OBCFA compared to the goat one, and the importance of the period of sampling in the definition of the fatty acids profile.

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