Effect of Chlorella Vulgaris and Japonochytrium sp. Microalgae Supplementation on Composition and Fatty Acid Profile of Goat Milk

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of two species of the microalgae on the milk yield, the basic composition and the fatty acid profile of goat milk, with focus on n‑3 fatty acids. Forty‑five White short‑haired goats were randomly allocated to three groups; the control group (C) with no supplementation microalgae to the diet. The first experimental group (Ch) was supplemented with Chlorella vulgaris and second experimental group (J) has been supplemented with Japonochytrium sp. The Japonochytrium supplementation negatively affected milk yield, but the amount of milk fat (+0.1 %; +0.45 %) and solids‑not‑fat (+0.27 %; +0.86 %) were higher than in group C and Ch. The amount of polyunsaturated (5.527 % ± 0.378) and saturated (71.560 % ± 0.861) fatty acids was also highest in group J. An increase of C20:4, C20:5 was detected in J and Ch, and the concentration of C22:6 was highest in group J (+0.019 %; P < 0.001).

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The effect of linseed oil supplementation of the diet on the content of fatty acids in the egg yolk

Acta Veterinaria Brno ◽

10.2754/avb201281020159 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 81 (2) ◽

pp. 159-162 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Petra Hudečková ◽

Lucie Rusníková ◽

Eva Straková ◽

Pavel Suchý ◽

Petr Marada ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Soybean Oil ◽

Fatty Acid Profile ◽

Myristic Acid ◽

Linseed Oil ◽

Control Group ◽

Heptadecanoic Acid ◽

Egg Yolks ◽

Experimental Group

The aim of this study was to compare the effect of two different types of oils in diet on the fatty acid profile in the eggs of layers and to include a particular type of oil as a supplement of feeding mixtures for layers in order to support the development of functional foodstuffs. Thirty layers fed a diet containing soybean oil constituted the control group (soybean oil is the most frequently used oil added to feeding mixtures). In the experimental group (thirty layers), soybean oil was replaced with linseed oil at the same amount (3 kg of oil per 100 kg of feeding mixture). Feeding was provided ad libitum for all days of the month. After one month, egg yolks were analysed and the fatty acid profile was compared. Significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) were found in the concentration of myristic acid that belongs to the group of saturated fatty acids. Eggs in the experimental group showed higher concentrations of myristic acid compared to the control group (0.20 g/100 g of fat and 0.18 g/100 g of fat, respectively). Highly significant differences (P ≤ 0.01) were found for heptadecanoic acid but the trend was opposite to that of myristic acid; concentrations of heptadecanoic acid in the experimental group were lower than those in the control group. Highly significant differences (P ≤ 0.01) were found for n-9 monounsaturated fatty acids where egg yolks in eggs from layers fed linseed oil contained higher concentrations of oleic acid, myristoleic acid, and palmitoleic acid. Lower concentrations of n-6 fatty acids (P ≤ 0.01) were found after the addition of linseed oil in eggs. Linseed oil showed a positive effect on n-3 fatty acids (α-linolenic acid), its concentration in the control and experimental group was 0.82 g/100 g of fat and 5.63 g/100 g of fat, respectively. The possibility of influencing the fatty acid profile in eggs is very important for the development of functional foods.

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Meat fatty acid profile of pigs fed linseed enriched diet

Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry ◽

10.2298/bah1203477o ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 28 (3) ◽

pp. 477-486 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Djordje Okanovic ◽

D. Ivanov ◽

D. Palic ◽

A. Mandic ◽

N. Ilic

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Fatty Acid Profile ◽

Live Weight ◽

Control Group ◽

Human Consumption ◽

Standard Diet ◽

Omega 3 ◽

Longissimus Dorsi Muscle ◽

Experimental Group

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of diet supplemented with linseed rich additive on fatty acid profile and omega-fatty acids content in pig meat. Twelve pigs were divided in a control and experimental group and grown to 110 kg of live weight. The experimental group was fed a standard diet enriched with 2.5% of commercial additive Vitalan?. After the end of feeding period, the meat samples from both groups were analyzed for fatty acids content in raw and roasted meat. The ratio between omega-6 and omega-3 acids was established. Samples from experimental group fed with linseed enriched diet showed higher ?-3 acids content in meat (6.24% - 7.23%), compared to the control group (0.71% - 1.64%), thus making it better for a human consumption from a health perspective. Linseed enriched diet positively influenced fatty acid composition of pig M. Longissimus dorsi muscle by decreasing SFA content, as well as increasing PUFA and UFA content. Heat treatment did not significantly decreased content of stearic and linoleic fatty acids in any sample. It was concluded that the diet enriched with extruded linseed had beneficial effect on the majority of monitored parameters in the study.

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Nutrients balances and milk fatty acid profile of mid lactation dairy cows supplemented with unsaturated fatty acid

Revista Brasileira de Saúde e Produção Animal ◽

10.1590/s1519-99402013000200007 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 322-335

Author(s):

Jose Esler de Freitas Júnior ◽

Francisco Palma Rennó ◽

Jefferson Rodrigues Gandra ◽

Luciana Navajás Rennó ◽

Gustavo Henrique Rodrigues ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Dairy Cows ◽

Fatty Acid Profile ◽

Milk Yield ◽

Unsaturated Fatty Acid ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Energetic Efficiency ◽

Milk Fatty Acid

The objective was to evaluate the effect of unsaturated fatty acid sources supplementation on nutrients balances and milk fatty acid profile of mid lactation dairy cows. Twelve Brazilian Holstein cows in the mid lactation (mean of 128 days) and (580 ± 20kg of weight; mean ± SD) with milk yield of 25kg/d were assigned randomly into three 4 x 4 Latin square, fed the following diets: control (C); refined soybean oil; (SO); whole soybean raw (WS) and; calcium salts of unsaturated fatty acids (CSFA). Milk yield was 26.6; 26.4; 24.1 and 25.7 to the diets CO, SO, WS and CSFA respectively. Cows fed the WS treatment produced less milk (1.95kg/d of milk), fat and lactose than did cows fed the SO and CSFA. Cows fed the CSFA treatment showed less blood, urine (g/d) concentrations of N more energetic efficiency and intake of energy than did cows fed the SO treatment. Cows fed the unsaturated fatty acids sources showed more C18:2 cis-9, trans-11 CLA and trans-C18:1 FA concentration in milk than did cows fed the CO treatment. Diets with whole soybeans and soybeans oil provide more efficient digestive processes, and increase milk composition of unsaturated fatty acids.

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Raw Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) as a Substitute of Soybean Meal in Compound Feed for Broiler Chickens: Effects on Growth Performance, Lipid Metabolism, Fatty Acid Profile, Antioxidant Status, and Dietary Value of Muscles

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11123367 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (12) ◽

pp. 3367

Author(s):

Anna Danek-Majewska ◽

Małgorzata Kwiecień ◽

Anna Winiarska-Mieczan ◽

Małgorzata Haliniarz ◽

Agata Bielak

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Fatty Acid Profile ◽

Soybean Meal ◽

Antioxidant Status ◽

Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Saturated Fatty Acids ◽

Control Group ◽

Dietary Value ◽

Experimental Group

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of substitution of 50% of soybean meal protein with 310–350 g/kg diet of raw chickpea seed protein on the chemical composition, fatty acid profile, dietary value, and antioxidant status of breast and thigh muscles, as well as the antioxidant status of blood serum, in Ross 308 male broilers. In the 42-day experiment, one-day-old male broiler chicks were assigned to two nutritional groups (n = 100 in each, 20 birds in each group, and 5 replications). In the control group, 100% of protein in the feed was derived from soybean meal. In the experimental group, 310–350 g/kg protein from raw chickpea seeds was introduced. Data with a normal distribution were analyzed using the Student t-test, and the relationships between the traits were assessed with the use of Pearson’s correlation coefficients. p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The replacement with chickpea protein did not exert an impact on the final body weight, feed consumption, and feed conversion ratio compared to the control group. However, it induced changes in the color of the breast muscles (increased L* and b* values), and reduced the cholesterol content. The addition of chickpea seeds improved the fatty acid profile, mainly in the breast muscle. A decrease in the total SFA content and a higher level of unsaturated fatty acids (UFA), UFAs/saturated fatty acids (SFAs), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), omega-3, and omega-6 were observed in the experimental group. Additionally, the chickpea-supplemented group exhibited better values of meat quality indicators (atherogenic index-AI; thrombogenic index–TI, ratio of saturated fatty acids to unsaturated fatty acids-S/P, n-6/n-3, hypocholesterolemic/Hypercholesterolemic ratio-h/H). It can be concluded that raw chickpea seeds are a good source of protein in broiler chicken nutrition, and can replace the traditionally used protein source (soybean meal), simultaneously exerting a positive effect on the dietary value of poultry meat and an expected enhancing impact on consumer health.

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Effect of Feeding with Algae on Fatty Acid Profile of Goat’S Milk

Scientia Agriculturae Bohemica ◽

10.2478/sab-2014-0103 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 45 (3) ◽

pp. 162-169 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

L. Kouřimská ◽

E. Vondráčková ◽

M. Fantová ◽

P. Nový ◽

L. Nohejlová ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Fatty Acid Profile ◽

Chlorella Vulgaris ◽

Control Group ◽

Relative Reduction ◽

Dairy Goats ◽

Fatty Acids Profile ◽

Goat’S Milk ◽

Goat's Milk

Abstract The study was conducted to determine whether the inclusion of algae Chlorella vulgaris in dairy goats’ diets would change the fatty acid profile and increase the proportion of unsaturated fatty acids in goat’s milk. White short-haired dairy goats on 2nd and 3rd lactations were fed 5 and 10 g of dried algae supplementation for six weeks. The fatty acids profile of milk was analyzed using gass chromatography (flame ionization detector (FID)). The addition of dried algae caused changes of the profile of fatty acids in the milk. The more algae were added to the diet, the greater the changes in the fatty acids profile of milk were found. A statistically significant effect (P = 0.0390) was found between the control group and the group supplemented with 10 g of Chlorella vulgaris per goat per day. The greatest effect of dietary treatment was seen in the relative reduction of palmitic acid content and increased oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acids content. Results suggested that the addition of algae also increased the nutritional quality of goat’s milk. There was a positive change in the ratio of SFA:MUFA:PUFA in terms of reducing the proportion of saturated fatty acids, as well as a change in the ratio of n-6 and n-3 PUFAs

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Consequences of herbal mixture supplementation on milk performance, ruminal fermentation, and bacterial diversity in water buffaloes

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.11241 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

pp. e11241

Author(s):

Faizul Hassan ◽

Zhenhua Tang ◽

Hossam M. Ebeid ◽

Mengwei Li ◽

Kaiping Peng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Bacterial Diversity ◽

Milk Yield ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Rumen Fermentation ◽

Control Group ◽

Herbal Mixture ◽

Fermentation Parameters ◽

Daily Milk Yield

This study was aimed to evaluate the potential of a herbal mixture (HM) to improve production performance, rumen fermentation, and milk fatty acid profile in water buffaloes. Sixteen Murrah buffaloes (in four groups) were fed for 10 weeks with the same basal diet supplemented with 0 (control); 20 (HM20), 30 (HM30), and 40 (HM40) g/buffalo per day. The herbal mixture contained an equal quantity of black pepper (fruit), ginger (tubers), cinnamon (bark), peppermint (leaves), ajwain (seeds) and garlic (bulbs). After two weeks of adaptation, daily milk yield, and weekly milk composition were recorded. On the last day of the experiment, rumen contents were collected to determine rumen fermentation parameters and bacterial diversity through 16S rRNA sequencing. Results revealed no effect of treatment on dry matter intake (DMI), rumen fermentation parameters, and daily milk yield. However, milk fat (%) showed a tendency to increase (p = 0.07) in HM20 as compared with the control group. A significant increase in mono and polyunsaturated fatty acids (C14:1, C16:1, C18:2n6 and C18:3) whereas a decrease in saturated fatty acids (C18:0) in milk was observed in HM20 as compared with the control group. No significant change in bacterial diversity parameters (alpha and beta diversity) was observed in response to the treatment. Despite the substantial variation observed in the relative abundance of bacteria among treatment groups, no significant effect of treatment was observed when compared with the control group. Correlation analysis revealed several positive and negative correlations of rumen bacteria with rumen volatile fatty acids (VFA) and milk yield traits. Bacterial genera including Succinivibrionaceae, Butyrivibrio, Pseudobutyrivibrio, and Lachnospiraceae showed a positive correlation with VFA and milk yield traits. Overall, we observed 52 positive and 10 negative correlations of rumen bacteria with milk fatty acid contents. Our study revealed the potential of the herbal mixture at a lower supplemental level (20 g/day) to increase milk fat (%) and unsaturated fatty acid content in buffalo.

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Daytime Grazing in Mountainous Areas Increases Unsaturated Fatty Acids and Decreases Cortisol in the Milk of Holstein Dairy Cows

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11113122 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (11) ◽

pp. 3122

Author(s):

Jalil Ghassemi Nejad ◽

Bae-Hun Lee ◽

Ji-Yung Kim ◽

Kyung-Il Sung ◽

Hong-Gu Lee

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Dairy Cows ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Control Group ◽

Milk Fatty Acid ◽

Omega 3 ◽

Mountainous Areas ◽

Lactating Cows

The effects of grazing lactating cows in mountainous areas for 12 and 24 h compared with the confined indoor system were evaluated by examining the overall milk fatty acid and cortisol. Twenty-one dairy cows were allocated to three treatment groups: (1) control (confined management system in a free-stall barn; TMR based), (2) grazing for 12 h (12hG; TMR plus grazing pasture), and (3) grazing for 24 h (24hG; pasture-based feeding system). Dry matter intake was higher in the control and 12hG groups than in the 24hG group. The yields of total milk and the 3.5% fat-corrected milk were the lowest in the 24hG group. Milk fat was the highest in the 24hG group and higher in 12hG compared with the control group. Milk protein and lactose levels were the highest in the 12hG group. The highest somatic cell count was observed in the 24hG group. The saturated fatty acid levels were higher in the control group compared with the 12hG and 24hG groups. There was no difference in overall mono-unsaturated fatty acids between 12hG and 24hG groups. Poly-unsaturated fatty acids were higher in the 12hG group compared with the control and 24hG groups. There was no difference in omega-6 (ω-6) fatty acids among the groups, and omega-3 fatty acids were higher in the 12hG group than in the control group. Milk cortisol was the highest in the 24hG group and higher in the control group compared with the 12hG group. Taken together, grazing for 12 h is advisable for farms that have access to mountainous areas to improve the milk fatty acid profile and decrease the stress levels in high-yielding Holstein lactating cows.

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Effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Addition in Dairy Cows Diets

Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca Animal Science and Biotechnologies ◽

10.15835/buasvmcn-asb:2020.0022 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 78 (1) ◽

pp. 18

Author(s):

Marinela ENCULESCU

Keyword(s):

Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽

Health Status ◽

Dairy Cows ◽

Milk Yield ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Control Group ◽

Free Access ◽

Alternative Source ◽

Effective Measure ◽

Experimental Group

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of fresh yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) supplementation in the dairy cows’ diets on productive performances and health status. The study was carried out in the experimental farm of the Research and Development Institute for Bovine Balotești on 50 multiparous Romanian Black and Spotted dairy cows, randomly divided into two groups (N = 25 heads/group), according to age, milk yield, body weight and health status. The experimental group received 80 g Saccharomyces cerevisiae/head/day for one year. The groups were fed with the same diet and had free access to water and salt. Results were expressed as a mean (±Standard Deviation). The t-test was applied to obtain the significance of difference. Supplementation of the diet with Saccharomyces cerevisiae had a significant effect (P <0.001) on milk yield (20.71±1.65 l/head/day) for the experimental group comparing with the control group (18.22±1.81 l/head/day), and on milk protein and lactose (P <0.05). The addition of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in dairy cows’ diet did not improve the milk fat, hematological and biochemical/urine indicators in the experimental group (P >0.05). However, for alkaline phosphatase, differences at the end of the study have been observed (P <0.01). The beneficial effect of the yeast and yeast products in ruminants could be attributed to microbial activity by increasing the number of beneficial bacteria in the rumen of the animals. The use of Saccharomyces cerevisiae as an alternative source of economic protein, vitamins and minerals in dairy cows’ diet represents an effective measure to optimize animal productivity.

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PSVI-25 Feeding increasing levels of yerba mate in lambs: Effects on fatty acid profile, and physical characteristics meat

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skab235.707 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽

pp. 386-387

Author(s):

Yuli Andrea Pena Bermudez ◽

Richard Roberto Lobo ◽

Danny Alexander Rojas Moreno ◽

Rafaela Scalise Xavier de Freitas ◽

Ives Claudio C Da Silva Bueno

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Fatty Acid Profile ◽

Mixed Model ◽

Animal Feed ◽

Block Design ◽

Natural Antioxidants ◽

Quality Analysis ◽

Control Group ◽

Yerba Mate

Abstract The presence of secondary metabolites in the structure of natural antioxidants makes them an alternative for animal feed, which allows modifying the composition of the meat, thus contributing to people’s health. For this reason, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of yerba mate extract (YME) on lamb feed as a natural antioxidant in the fatty acid profile and physical traits of meat of 36 lambs fed for 53 days, fed with corn silage and concentrate in the proportion 40:60, respectively. The treatments followed the randomized block design, with a control group without YME (0%) and three groups with 1, 2, and 4% of YME inclusion in the dry matter (DM). Samples were collected from the Longissimus thoracis (LT), muscle for quality analysis and composition. All data were analyzed using a MIXED model with orthogonal contrasts. We found that the inclusion of YME did not affect significantly the characteristics of the pH, total lipids and color general (P = 0.192), although the use of YME don’t affect the parameters normal in the meat. Nevertheless, the use of YME improved the value of b* (P = 0.004), showing a yellowness coloration in the meat of the lambs. Likewise, changed the proportion of branched-chain fatty acids (BCFA; P = 0.009) and the conjugated linoleic acid (CLA; P = 0.030) exhibited a diet effect for the group with 4% YME. This is revealing result, since these fatty acids have been associated with a decrease in cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, the addition of up to 4% YME improves the composition and general acceptance of lamb meat, recommended for use in animal feed.

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The Effect of CLA-Rich Isomerized Poppy Seed Oil on the Fat Level and Fatty Acid Profile of Cow and Sheep Milk

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani10050912 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 912 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Robert Bodkowski ◽

Katarzyna Czyż ◽

Anna Wyrostek ◽

Paulina Cholewińska ◽

Ewa Sokoła-Wysoczańska ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Fatty Acid Profile ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Seed Oil ◽

Fat Content ◽

Atherogenic Index ◽

Poppy Seed ◽

Sheep Milk ◽

Δ9 Desaturase

The aim of the study was to examine the effect of dietary supplementation of isomerized poppy seed oil (IPO) enriched with conjugated dienes of linoleic acid (CLA) on cow and sheep milk parameters (fat content, fatty acid profile, Δ9-desaturase index, and atherogenic index). The process of poppy seed oil alkaline isomerization caused the formation of CLA isomers with cis-9,trans-11, trans-10,cis-12, and cis-11,trans-13 configurations in the amounts of 31.2%, 27.6%, and 4.1% of total fatty acids (FAs), respectively. Animal experiments were conducted on 16 Polish Holstein Friesian cows (control (CTRL) and experimental (EXP), n = 8/group) and 20 East Friesian Sheep (CTRL and EXP, n = 10/group). For four weeks, animals from EXP groups received the addition of IPO in the amount of 1% of dry matter. Milk was collected three times: on days 7, 14, and 30. Diet supplementation with IPO decrease milk fat content (p < 0.01). Milk fat from EXP groups had higher levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids, including FAs with beneficial biological properties, that is, CLA and TVA (p < 0.01), and lower levels of saturated fatty acids, particularly short- (p < 0.01) and medium-chain FAs (p < 0.05). The addition of IPO led to a decrease in the atherogenic index.

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