EVALUATION OF ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF SOME MEDICINAL PLANTS BY BIOAUTOGRAPHY

Background Acacia cyanophylla is a medicinal plant of the Fabaceae family that is widely distributed in Australia and Asia, also it has many medicinal properties such as antibacterial and antioxidant activity. Thin layer chromatography (TLC) is wildly used in natural product extract analysis as a finger print. Aim and objective: This study is aimed to conducting a qualitative detection of the active compounds in Acacia cyanophylla, Phlomis syriaca and Scolymus hispanicus plants by thin layer chromatography (TLC) method and studying their antibacterial activity. Methods: the qualitative detection of three plants was conducting using thin layer chromatography (TLC) method. Then, aqueous and ethanolic extracts of the aerial parts of the three plants were extracted using an Ultrasonic bath. The antibacterial activity on E. coli isolates for six extracts was evaluated using minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) test. The active compounds that may be responsible for the antibacterial effect was isolated by direct bioautograph method. Results: Performing Thin-layer chromatography TLC tests show that the three plant contain flavonoids, saponin, bitter principles and essential oils, and all extracts showed antibacterial activity on E. coli isolates, but the ethanolic extract of Acacia cyanophylla was the most effective as the MIC values ranged from 0.097to 3.125mg/mL. Bioautography showed that Escherichia coli was inhibited by most of the separated flavonoids on the TLC plates where four inhibiting spots appeared in yellow color with Acacia cyanophylla and five spots with Scolymus hispanicus, while only one spot appeared with Phlomis syriaca. Conclusion: Acacia cyanophylla extract has been considered as the best antibacterial properties among the selected plants due to the presence of flavonoids Peer Review History: Received: 19 July 2021; Revised: 7 August; Accepted: 2 September, Available online: 15 September 2021 Academic Editor: Ahmad Najib, Universitas Muslim Indonesia, Makassar, Indonesia, [email protected] UJPR follows the most transparent and toughest ‘Advanced OPEN peer review’ system. The identity of the authors and, reviewers will be known to each other. This transparent process will help to eradicate any possible malicious/purposeful interference by any person (publishing staff, reviewer, editor, author, etc) during peer review. As a result of this unique system, all reviewers will get their due recognition and respect, once their names are published in the papers. We expect that, by publishing peer review reports with published papers, will be helpful to many authors for drafting their article according to the specifications. Auhors will remove any error of their article and they will improve their article(s) according to the previous reports displayed with published article(s). The main purpose of it is ‘to improve the quality of a candidate manuscript’. Our reviewers check the ‘strength and weakness of a manuscript honestly’. There will increase in the perfection, and transparency. Received file: Reviewer's Comments: Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 6.0/10 Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.0/10 Reviewers: Dr. Sangeetha Arullappan, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Malaysia, [email protected] Taha A.I. El Bassossy, Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Department, Desert Research Center, Cairo, Egypt, [email protected] Similar Articles: EVALUATION OF ANTIBACTERIAL RESISTANCE OF BIOFILM FORMS OF AVIAN SALMONELLA GALLINARUM TO FLUOROQUINOLONES

Antifungal Potential of Phytochemicals against Mauginiella scaettae, the Plant Pathogen Causing Inflorescence Rot of Date Palm

Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) inflorescence rot caused by Mauginiella scaettae poses a serious threat to date palm in Morocco. The present study aims to determine the antifungal activity of five plant extracts against M. scaettae, including Acacia cyanophylla, Cupressus atlantica, Eucalyptus torquata, Nerium oleander, and Schinus molle and link this effect to their content in phenolics and flavonoids, as well as their antioxidant properties. Plant extracts exhibited significant discrepancies regarding their antifungal activity ( p < 0.05 ). The extracts of E. torquata and C. atlantica had the strongest and dose-dependent manner inhibitory effect against mycelial growth and spore germination. E. torquata and S. molle caused the greatest sporulation reductions of about 88.05% and 36.11%, respectively. In addition, there were significant differences among the examined plant extracts with respect to their total polyphenols (14.52–76.68 mg GAE/g DW), flavonoids (8.75–57.78 g RE/100 g DW), and antioxidant properties as measured by TEAC (74.77–391.23 mmol TE/g DW) and FRAP assays (87.18–474.04 mmol TE/g DW). Strong correlations were found between phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity suggesting that polyphenols play a key role in the observed antioxidant and antifungal activities.

Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Some Medicinal Plants

Aims: The green synthesis of silver nanoparticles in an eco-friendly, economical and more effective approach using (Acacia cyanophylla, Phlomis syriaca and Scolymus hispanicus) plants extracts and describing their main chemical properties and study the effect of its chemical composition on producing silver nanoparticles. Methodology: In this study, aqueous and ethanolic extracts of the three plants were evaluated for antioxidant activity using 2,2-diphenyl-l-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, Total polyphenol and flavonoid contents were determined using spectrophotometric method, but total saponins were determined by weight method, The synthesis of silver nanoparticles was performed by a reduction method using aqueous silver nitrate solution and aqueous extracts of the three plants. Then study its characterization in a number of ways, such as visual inspection, UV-Vis spectroscopy and dynamic light scattering. Results: The results showed that the total phenolic content ranged in extracts between (13.08 ±2.279 to 98.39 ±4.755 mg GAE/g DW). While the total flavonoid contents varied from (19.83 ±2.384 to 121.64 ±6.469 mg RE/g DW. Antioxidant activity was expressed as IC50 and the obtained results ranged from (IC50= 0.027 ±0.00038 to 0.878 ±0.045 mg/ml), the results indicated that the ethanolic Acacia cyanophylla extract from the six examined extracts showed the highest phenolic and flavonoid concentration and strong antioxidant activity. Also, the saponins content in the three plants ranged from (0.46 to 2.53)% and the highest amount of saponins reported in Acacia cyanophylla plant. The silver nanoparticles prepared using Acacia cyanophylla extract have reported visible yellowish brown color formation and the absorption peak at 460 nm indicates the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles and they have average diameter (134.1) nm and the polydispersity index (PdI) was suitable (0.260). Conclusion: Acacia cyanophylla extract has been considered as the best reducing agent among the selected plant extracts for the preparation of stable colloidal silver nanoparticles, this is due to their high content of flavonoids, phenols and saponins.

Screening and optimization of indole-3-acetic acid production and phosphate solubilization by rhizobacterial strains isolated from Acacia cyanophylla root nodules and their effects on its plant growth

Background Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are known to improve plant growth and are used as biofertilizers, thanks to their numerous benefits to agriculture such as phosphorus solubilization and phytohormone production. In this paper, four rhizospheric bacteria (Phyllobacterium sp., Bacillus sp., Agrobacterium sp., and Rhizobium sp.) isolated from surface-sterilized root nodules of Acacia cyanophylla were tested for their ability to solubilize inorganic phosphate and to produce indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) under laboratory conditions. Then, the best IAA producer (Rhizobium sp.) was selected to test optimized conditions for IAA production. Finally, the effect of the four strains on plant growth for A. cyanophylla was evaluated in vivo. Results The results showed that the totality of the tested isolates had solubilized inorganic phosphate (P) in both NBRIP (National Botanical Research Institute Phosphate) and PVK (Pikovskaya) media. Bacillus sp. was a high P-solubilizer and showed maximum solubilization in PVK (519 μg ml-1) and NBRIP (782 μg ml-1). The optimization of maximum phosphate solubilization was done using different sources of carbon (1%) and nitrogen (0.1%). Glucose and ammonium sulfate were selected to be the best carbon and nitrogen source for phosphate solubilization by all tested strains, except for Phyllobacterium sp., which recorded the highest phosphate solubilization with ammonium nitrate. The IAA production by the tested strains indicated that Rhizobium sp. produced the highest amount of IAA (90.21 μg ml-1) in culture media supplemented with L-tryptophan. The best production was observed with L-Trp concentration of 0.2% (116.42 μg ml-1) and at an initial pH of 9 (116.07 μg ml-1). The effect of NaCl on IAA production was tested at concentrations of 0 to 5% and the maximum production of 89.43 μg ml-1 was found at 2% NaCl. The extraction of crude IAA from this strain was done and purity was confirmed with Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) analysis. A specific spot from the extracted IAA production was found to correspond with a standard spot of IAA with the same Rf value. Finally, the tested PGPR demonstrated growth stimulatory effects on Acacia cyanophylla seedlings in vivo, with a great increase of shoots’ and roots’ dry weights, and shoot length compared to control. The rhizobacterial isolates were identified by 16S rDNA sequence analysis as Agrobacterium sp. NA11001, Phyllobacterium sp. C65, Bacillus sp. CS14, and Rhizobium sp. V3E1. Conclusion This study highlights the importance of the use of phosphate solubilizing and IAA producer microorganisms as biofertilizers to increase crop yields. The studied strains showed a significant phosphate solubilization potential and IAA production. The use of selected strains as inoculants would be interesting, in particular with a view of promoting sustainable agriculture. However, further studies to verify the efficacy of the best isolates in situ is certainly required.