Monitoring residue concentrations in milk from farm and throughout a milk powder manufacturing process

2019 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-346
Author(s):  
Lizandra F. Paludetti ◽  
Alan L. Kelly ◽  
Bernadette O'Brien ◽  
David Gleeson
Keyword(s):  
Milk Powder ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
Skim Milk Powder ◽  
Production Chain ◽  
Feed Management ◽  
Whole Milk ◽  
Milk Volume ◽  
Residue Levels ◽  
Bulk Tank ◽  
Powder Manufacturing

AbstractThe experiments reported in this research paper aimed to investigate differences in the levels of chlorate (CHLO), perchlorate (PCHLO), trichloromethane (TCM) and iodine residues in bulk tank (BT) milk produced at different milk production periods, and to monitor those levels throughout a skim milk powder (SMP) production chain (BTs, collection tankers [CTs], whole milk silo [WMS] and skim milk silo [SMS]). Chlorate, PCHLO and iodine were measured in SMP, while TCM was measured in the milk cream. The CHLO, TCM and iodine levels in the mid-lactation milk stored in the WMS were lower than legislative and industrial specifications (0.0100 mg/kg, 0.0015 mg/kg and 150 µg/l, respectively). However, in late-lactation, these levels were numerically higher than the mid-lactation levels and specifications. Trichloromethane accumulated in the cream portion after separation. Perchlorate was not detected in any of the samples. Regarding iodine, the levels in mid-lactation reconstituted SMP were higher than that required by manufacturers (100 µg/l), indicating that the levels in milk should be lower than 142 µg/l. The higher residue levels observed in late-lactation could be related to the low milk volume produced during that period and changes in sanitation practices, while changes in feed management could have affected iodine levels. This study could assist in controlling and setting limits for CHLO, TCM and iodine levels in milk, ensuring premium quality dairy products.

Thermal Resistance of Listeria monocytogenes Scott A in Ultrafiltered Milk as Related to the Effect of Different Milk Components

2010 ◽  
Vol 73 (11) ◽  
pp. 2110-2115 ◽  
Author(s):  
KINGA SZLACHTA ◽  
SUSANNE E. KELLER ◽  
ARLETTE SHAZER ◽  
STUART CHIRTEL
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Thermal Resistance ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Milk Powder ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
Skim Milk Powder ◽  
Single Measure ◽  
Total Solids ◽  
Whole Milk ◽  
Milk Components

Pasteurization parameters for grade A milk are well established and set by regulation. However, as solids levels increase, an increased amount of heat is required to destroy any pathogens present. This effect is not well characterized. In this work, the effect of increased dairy solids levels on the thermal resistance of Listeria monocytogenes was examined through the use of ultrafiltered (UF) milk, reconstituted milk powder, and the milk components lactose and caseinate. From the results obtained, lactose and caseinate did not appear to affect thermal resistance. In addition, the level of milk fat, up to 10% of the total solids in UF whole milk, did not result in statistically significant changes to thermal resistance when compared with UF skim milk. Reconstituted skim milk powder at 27% total solids (D62-value = 1.16 ± 0.2 [SD] min, z = 5.7) did result in increased thermal resistance, as compared with reconstituted skim milk powder at 17.5% (D62-value = 0.86 ± 0.02 min, z = 5.57) and UF whole milk at 27% total solids (D62-value = 0.66 ± 0.07 min, z = 5.16). However, that increase appeared to be due to the increase in salt levels, not to increases in caseinate, fat, or lactose. Consequently, total solids, as a single measure, could not be used to predict increased thermal resistance of L. monocytogenes in concentrated milk.

Determination of Chloride in Infant Formula and Adult/Pediatric Nutritional Formula by Potentiometric Titration: Single-Laboratory Validation, First Action 2015.07

2016 ◽  
Vol 99 (1) ◽  
pp. 198-203
Author(s):  
Wu Bolong ◽  
Zhang Fengxia ◽  
Ma Xiaoning ◽  
Zhou Fengjuan ◽  
Sharon L Brunelle
Keyword(s):  
Infant Formula ◽  
Milk Powder ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
Skim Milk Powder ◽  
Method Performance ◽  
Performance Requirement ◽  
Whole Milk ◽  
Nist Standard Reference Material ◽  
Whole Milk Powder

Abstract A potentiometric method for determination of chloride was validated against AOAC Standard Method Performance Requirement (SMPR®) 2014.015. Ten AOAC Stakeholder Panel on Infant Formula and Adult Nutritionals (SPIFAN) matrixes, including National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Standard Reference Material (SRM) 1849a, were tested in duplicate on 6 independent days. The repeatability (RSDr) ranged from 0.43 to 1.34%, and the intermediate reproducibility (RSDiR) ranged from 0.80 to 3.04%. All results for NIST SRM 1849a were within the range of the certified concentration (701 ± 17 mg/100 g). Recovery was demonstrated with two overspike levels, 50 and 100%, in the 10 SPIFAN matrixes. Samples were tested in duplicate on 3 different days, and all results were within the SMPR requirement of 95 to 105%. The LOQs of the method for powdered products and ready-to-feed or reconstituted products were 20 mg/100 g and 2.2 mg/100 mL, respectively. A wide analytical range from the LOQ to 99.5% chlorine content can be reached with an appropriate dilution factor, but in practice, the upper analytical value observed in routine matrix testing was approximately 1080 mg/100 g in skim milk powder. This is a rapid, simple, and reliable chlorine-testing method applicable to infant formula, adult nutritionals, and ingredients used in these dairy-based products, such as skim milk powder, desalted whey powder, whey protein powder, and whole milk powder.

scholarly journals Price changes of dairy products in the European Union

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (No. 9) ◽  
pp. 373-381
Author(s):  
Aneta Bełdycka-Bórawska ◽  
Piotr Bórawski ◽  
Marta Guth ◽  
Andrzej Parzonko ◽  
Tomasz Rokicki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Milk Powder ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
Skim Milk Powder ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Whey Powder ◽  
Whole Milk ◽  
Whole Milk Powder ◽  
The Eu

This article presents changes in the prices of milk and other dairy products in the European Union (EU). First, the descriptive statistics of the prices of milk and dairy products are presented, and then correlation and regression analyses were conducted to measure the relationships between the prices. We used the augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) test and generalised autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity (GARCH) model to measure the stationarity and changes in dairy product prices in the EU. At the EU level, we checked the changes in prices of butter, skim milk powder, whole milk powder, Cheddar, Edam, Gouda, Emmental and whey powder. Our analysis confirmed that the butter, skim milk powder, whole milk powder, Cheddar, Edam and Gouda processes depend on previous values. The biggest price changes were observed in whey powder (34.12%), butter (24.46%) and skim milk powder (21.78%).

FURTHER STUDIES ON RAISING DAIRY CALVES WITH LIMITED AMOUNTS OF MILK

1961 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. D. Clark ◽  
F. Whiting
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Milk Powder ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
Skim Milk Powder ◽  
Body Growth ◽  
Dairy Calves ◽  
Whole Milk ◽  
Increase Rate

Ninety-four Holstein heifer calves were used in five experiments to study the effects of different rates and methods of feeding whole milk on body growth rate.Calves fed whole milk at a rate of 8 pounds per head daily until 4 weeks old and none thereafter made as rapid growth to 16 and 52 weeks of age as those fed milk at a rate of 10 per cent of body weight. Calves weaned from milk abruptly when 4 weeks old grew as fast thereafter as calves receiving the same total quantity of milk but weaned gradually. Inoculation of calves with cuds at frequent intervals did not increase rate of body gain.Calves that received 6 pounds of whole milk daily until 4 weeks old and none thereafter gained as well as those that received 8 pounds of whole milk until 4 weeks old or those that received 6 pounds of whole milk daily until 8 weeks old. The inclusion of 10 per cent skim milk powder in place of linseed oilmeal in the starter did not improve gains.

Application of reverse osmosis to the manufacture of dried whole milk and skim-milk

1979 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 663-672 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Abbot ◽  
Frank A. Glover ◽  
Donald D. Muir ◽  
Paul J. Skudder
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Spray Drying ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Protein Denaturation ◽  
Milk Powder ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Skim Milk Powder ◽  
Powder Morphology ◽  
Whole Milk

SummaryPowders were prepared from whole and skim-milk using reverse osmosis (RO) as a first stage followed by either evaporation and spray drying or spray drying alone. They were compared with powders made by the conventional method of evaporation and spray drying. Measurements were made of powder solubility, free fat content, whey protein denaturation, vitamin content, powder morphology and bacterial count. The free fat contents of powders prepared from whole milk concentrated by RO were high; otherwise, there were no significant differences in the properties of powders made from milks concentrated initially by RO and those prepared by conventional evaporation. The results indicate that it is feasible to use RO for the manufacture of skim-milk powder and for dried whole milk production where higher free fat levels are not detrimental.

Serological differentiation of cow's, buffalo's, goat's and sheep's milks

1966 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. C. Pinto
Keyword(s):  
Related Species ◽  
Serum Proteins ◽  
Milk Powder ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
Skim Milk Powder ◽  
Cow’S Milk ◽  
Cow's Milk ◽  
Blood Serum Proteins ◽  
Whole Milk ◽  
Precipitin Test

SummaryMilks of the closely related species ox, buffalo, goat and sheep were differentiated by the precipitin test using antisera to blood serum proteins. The antisera were made specific for the homologous species by absorption. The component of milk tested was the lactalbumin–lactoglobulin fraction present in whey. Fraudulent sale of diluted buffalo's milk, cow's milk–buffalo's milk–water mixtures and reconstituted whole and skim-milk powders as genuine cow's milk was detected. Of 270 milks serologically tested, 233 were cow, 26 buffalo, 1 goat, 3 cow–buffalo mixtures, 2 reconstituted whole-milk powders and 5 reconstituted skim-milk powders. Of the samples serologically identified as cow, 135 had analytical figures for fat and solid-not-fat (SNF) only just outside or within the buffalo range.Milk from any one species was detected in a concentration of 5% (v/v) in milk of a related species. Species identification was made of human milk stains in 2 medicolegal cases. Fresh cow's milk, reconstituted whole-milk powder and reconstituted skim-milk powder were differentiated.

scholarly journals Effect of Egg White Utilization on the Physico-Chemical and Sensory Attributes of Protein-rich Yoghurt

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lilian A Gogo ◽  
Kennedy O. Gogo ◽  
Peter L. Shalo ◽  
Symon Maina Mahungu
Keyword(s):  
Starter Culture ◽  
Milk Powder ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
Egg White ◽  
Skim Milk Powder ◽  
Sensory Attributes ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Whole Milk ◽  
Albumin Content ◽  
Protein Rich

High protein yoghurt was made from whole milk, fortified with egg white (30% v/v) and skim milk powder at 12% (w/v). Different yoghurt mixes, with albumin content of 15%, 30% and 45% (v/v), were prepared. The control was made from whole milk, fortified with skim milk powder at 12% (w/v). The blended premixes were pasteurized at 74ºC for 4 seconds, cooled and then inoculated with 3% (w/v) Direct Vat Set yoghurt starter culture at 45ºC. After fermentation for 3 hours in a water bath maintained at 46+-1C, product was cooled to 5ºC and then stored for 24 hours. The effect of the fortification on physico-chemical and sensory properties was investigated. Protein content increased to 8.50% at 45% egg white utilization. Susceptibility to wheying was reduced in egg-white fortified samples, without signicant difference in sensory attributes of the test samples compared to the control. Sensory analysis showed that yoghurt fortified with 45% egg white was organoleptically acceptable. The yoghurt was rated as having better sensory appeal as compared to the control.

Routine Analysis of Proteins by Kjeldahl and Dumas Methods: Review and Interlaboratory Study Using Dairy Products

1998 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 620-632 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter G Wiles ◽  
Ian K Gray ◽  
Roger C Kissling ◽  
◽  
C Delahanty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Products ◽  
Milk Powder ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
Skim Milk Powder ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Whey Protein Concentrate ◽  
Protein Determination ◽  
Whole Milk ◽  
Kjeldahl Method

abstract The Kjeldahl and Dumas (combustion) methods were compared in 11 laboratories analyzing samples of milk, skim milk powder, whole milk powder, whey protein concentrate, infant formula, casein, caseinate, 2 reference compounds (glycine and EDTA), and a secondary reference skim milk powder. The comparison was conducted by using international standards where applicable. Overall means were 8.818 g N/100 g by the Kjeldahl method and 8.810 g N/100 g by the Dumas method. No evidence was found for a consistent bias between methods that may be of concern in the trading of dairy produce. A review of more than 10 related trials revealed a lack of consensus in the bias between the 2 methods, suggesting that differences in methodology and sources of systematic error may be contributors. For samples containing >2 g N/100 g, the Dumas relative repeatability and reproducibility standard deviations were consistently about 0.35 and 0.75%, respectively, whereas the corresponding Kjeldahl values declined generally with N content and were significantly larger. The Dumas precision characteristics may be due to the dominance of Leco analyzers in this trials, and in most other recent trials, rather than an inherent method attribute. Protein determination methods for dairy products need to be reviewed and updated. The Dumas method needs Codex Alimentarius status as a recognized test method.

scholarly journals ADDITION OF DRY SKIM MILK TO WHOLE MILK IN VEALER RATIONS

1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 535-537
Author(s):  
R. BOUCHARD ◽  
B. LACHANCE ◽  
G. ROY
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Milk Powder ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
Skim Milk Powder ◽  
Whole Milk ◽  
Color Score ◽  
Daily Gain

Additions of 0, 2 and 4% dry skim milk to whole milk were compared in rations for vealer calves raised up to 92 or 154 kg. Dry skim milk supplementation increased daily gain to 92 kg liveweight. Dry skim milk added to the rations of calves raised to 154 kg liveweight did not improve growth performance and carcass data. Carcass color score indicated that addition of skim milk powder to whole milk tends to give paler carcasses.

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