Neutrophil and CD4+ milk cell count related to natural incidence of mastitis in Jersey cattle

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Zlatina Chengolova ◽  
Milka Atanasova ◽  
Tzonka Godjevargova
Keyword(s):  
Cell Count ◽  
Neutrophil Count ◽  
Somatic Cells ◽  
Cell Counting ◽  
Fluorescent Cell ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Jersey Cattle ◽  
Flow Cytometric ◽  
Cluster Of Differentiation ◽  
Staphylococcus Spp

Abstract This Research Communication describes the relation between somatic cells and microbial content in milk from Jersey cattle. Milk samples were classified in groups: healthy, dirty and mastitic (from Staphylococcus spp., Escherichia coli, Coliforms). The somatic cells in each of those groups were analysed by two methods – flow cytometric and automatic fluorescent cell counting. Those methods were compared. Total somatic cell count (SCC), neutrophil count, and lymphocytes with cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4+cells) were determined. There was a positive relationship between microbes and somatic cells. It was noticed that the neutrophil count was generally increased together with SCC, whilst the CD4+ cell count was higher in healthy milk samples (about 8%) compared to mastitic ones (about 3%). Lower number of CD4+ cells (from 1 to 4%) was determined in samples positive for Staphylococcus spp. but with lower SCC (from 2.7 to 4.0 × 105 cells/ml). Also, the number of CD4+ cells in Staphylococcus spp.-positive samples increased (to 4.8%) together with higher SCC, something that was not observed in the other mastitic samples. Knowledge of those relations could be useful for veterinary medical tests in the initial phase of inflammation.

VARIATIONS OF SOMATIC CELLS AND NEUTROPHILS IN MILK THROUGHOUT LACTATION1

1972 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 197-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. L. Duttschaever ◽  
G. C. Ashton
Keyword(s):  
Cell Count ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Neutrophil Count ◽  
Somatic Cells ◽  
Total Cell ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Total Cell Count ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Neutrophil Percentage ◽  
Differential Cell

Total and differential cell counts were obtained for alternate weekly morning and evening milk from 11 Holstein cows in six different lactations. Milk from quarters suspected of mastitis were examined for presence of pathogens. Weekly cell counts for each cow showed large variations throughout lactation. The neutrophil count closely paralleled the total cell count. The average neutrophil percentage varied from 65 to 96%. No relationship was observed between cell count or type and length of lactation, age of cow, and milk yield. In addition to mastitis, unspecified stresses seemed to cause irregular sudden increases in somatic cells. Except during severe stresses, total cell counts were about 200,000 per milliliter, of which 65 to 90% were neutrophils.

scholarly journals Somatic cell count during first and second lactation in ewes

10.5219/1059 ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 396-401
Author(s):  
Vladimír Tančin ◽  
Kristína Tvarožková ◽  
Michal Uhrinčať ◽  
Lucia Mačuhová ◽  
Martina Vršková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Somatic Cells ◽  
Milk Samples

The aim of this study was to describe the frequency of distribution of ewes in SCC groups on the basis SCS (somatic cells score) per lactation and estimate changes of SCC from 1st lactation on 2nd lactation. The experiment was carried at seven farms in 1st observed period (2016 and 2017) and at eight farms in 2nd observed one (2017 and 2018). Within each of periods the same animals were sampled on their 1st and following 2nd lactation in next year of study, only. Totally 1199 milk samples from 159 ewes and 1653 milk samples from 219 ewes were collected during 1st period and 2nd period, respectively. Milk sampling were taken monthly from April to August in both periods. For evaluation only ewes with minimum three sampling per year (minimum six samples per animal) were included in the study within both periods. The ewes were divided into the five SCC groups on basis of their SCS per lactation: G1 = SCC

Mordant factors that affect the fluorescence and counting of somatic cells by instruments

1995 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 373-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy Clarke ◽  
Michael E. Evans ◽  
Graham Hepworth ◽  
Peter J. Moate ◽  
John A. Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cells ◽  
Counting Efficiency ◽  
Cell Counting ◽  
Cell Detection ◽  
Fluorescent Cell ◽  
Chemical Preservative ◽  
Calibration Samples ◽  
Sample Age ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Good Calibration

SummaryThe requirement for accuracy in the counting of somatic cells in milk has been increased by the use of this measurement as a basis of payment for milk. This paper reports on several factors that can substantially affect efficiency of staining and cell detection in various types of fluorescent cell counters. These mordant factors include sample age, chemical preservative, other sample preservation treatments and reagent properties. Experiments were conducted in several laboratories with Fossomatic 215 and 360 cell counting instruments to measure the effect of these mordant factors on both cell fluorescence and cell count. Counting efficiency was as low as 20% for some instruments counting some particular samples, depending upon the combination of adverse mordant factors. The problem of poor counting efficiency was also not detected by calibration samples that had more favourable mordant treatments applied. The adverse mordant factors were shown to reduce the intensity of fluorescence of cells for all instruments. We suggest that a significant reduction in counting efficiency due to these adverse mordant factors is most likely to occur when the particular instrument already has an intrinsic inability to separate cell fluorescence properly from background noise. This paper also discusses quality control samples, the impact of various factors on discriminator curves and the use of appropriate measures to maintain good calibration adjustment.

Reproducibility of the electronic cell-count procedure for counting somatic cells in milk

1974 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. K. L. Pearson ◽  
D. O. Greer ◽  
D. A. Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Cell Count ◽  
Mixing Time ◽  
Somatic Cells ◽  
Significant Degree ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Bulk Tank ◽  
Significant Addition ◽  
Electronic Counting

SummaryA series of experiments is described, outlining a study of 5 factors likely to influence the efficiency and reproducibility of a standardized method used for the electronic counting of somatic cells in milk. Samples containing cells covering 5 ranges from 250000 cells/ml to 1500000 cells/ml were used and the results analysed statistically.The residual error was given special consideration, and was found not to contribute to any significant degree to the accuracy of the method. Sample volumes of 0·5 ml and 0·1 ml used for counting were compared, and there was a decrease in accuracy using the smaller volume. The influence of individual technician skill was studied with 4 workers having differing degrees of experience, and no significant addition to the overall error was observed. The effect of agitating bulk tank milk for between 0 and 2 min before sampling was examined. Variations were considerable for agitation times of less than 1 min, but the recommended mixing time of 2 min was found to be adequate with milk quantities between 450 l and 2250 l (100 and 500 gal), and at the 5 cell-count levels chosen.The distributions of the cell counts at the 5 levels were found to be normal with the marginal exception of samples tested at 250000 cells/ml.All aspects of the technique, sample preparation, use and calibration of the Coulter Counter, etc, should be closely followed to ensure that no inaccuracies will result from inadequate maintenance of the machine or other equipment employed in the test.

scholarly journals Classification of dairy properties according to the geometric mean of the somatic cell count and its antimicrobial resistance profile

2022 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-158
Author(s):  
Mauricio Fanin ◽  
◽  
Isabela Carvalho dos Santos ◽  
Geysiane Moreira Gerotti ◽  
Camila de Cuffa Matusaiki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Meca Gene ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Microbial Culture ◽  
Resistance Profile ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Staphylococcus Spp

Milk and its derivatives are highly consumed foods worldwide, with recognized nutritional importance. The search for the production of products with superior quality is constant. For the present work, 26 milk-producing properties were selected, with a total of 506 milk samples collected during the period from October 2019 to May 2020 being evaluated. The objective of this study was to evaluate the quality of milk produced in dairy properties in the region west Paraná, classified as good or bad based on the results of the Somatic Cell Count (SCC) and through sampling (n = 10) to evaluate the resistance profile of enterobacteria and Staphylococcus spp. isolated from milk samples, in addition to the presence of the mecA gene in strains of Staphylococcus spp. resistant to oxacillin. There were significant differences between the good and bad properties for the levels of lactose, SCC (cell/mL), and Standard Plate Count (SPC) (CFU/mL). The strains of Staphylococcus spp. showed differences in the percentage of resistance in relation to the good and bad properties for antibiotics: tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, oxacillin, amikacin, clindamycin, gentamycin, and erythromycin. The mecA gene was not detected in any of the coagulase-negative Staphylococcus isolates that showed resistance to oxacillin. For enterobacteria, the isolated species differed in relation to the classification of properties, with predominance for Escherichia coli (40%) for properties classified as bad and Hafnia alvei (40%) for those classified as good. The percentage of antibiotic resistance compared to enterobacteria isolates was higher in properties classified as good. Monitoring through microbial culture and antibiogram is extremely important, favoring the correct choice for the treatment of animals with a reduced selection of resistant strains.

Collaborative Study of the Coulter Counter-Chemical Method for Counting Somatic Cells in Raw Milk1

1977 ◽  
Vol 40 (7) ◽  
pp. 456-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. GINN ◽  
D. R. THOMPSON ◽  
V. S. PACKARD
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Chemical Method ◽  
Collaborative Study ◽  
Somatic Cells ◽  
Cell Counting ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Counting Procedure ◽  
Electronic Counting

Variation between laboratories for Electronic Somatic Cell Counting by the chemical method (ESCC) was evaluated by a collaborative study. Eight laboratories counted somatic cells in 12 milk samples (six replicated samples) by the ESCC method. The somatic cell count for the same milk samples was also evaluated by the Direct Microscopic Somatic Cell Counting procedure (DMSCC) as a comparison for the level of error. The standard deviation of the variation of logarithms of ESCC counts between laboratories was 0.04368. The standard deviation for the variation of logarithms of DMSCC counts between technicians was 0.08617. The corresponding value for the DMSCC analysis of the last set of federal split milk samples was 0.141. An earlier study of electronic counting by the centrifuge method showed a standard deviation of 0.0711.

Reproducibility of electronic cell counts in milk; a study of 5 further factors

1976 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 371-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. O. Greer ◽  
J. K. L. Pearson
Keyword(s):  
Cell Count ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Storage Time ◽  
Somatic Cells ◽  
Holding Time ◽  
Mechanical Mixing ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Number Of Factors

SummaryThis paper is a sequel to a previous one in which a number of factors likely to influence the accuracy of counting somatic cells in milk was assessed; in the present work the effects of 5 other factors are investigated. In a study of storage time and temperature of milk samples fixed in formalin, a significant increase in cell count occurred after 5–7 d when samples were stored at room temperature (17–23°C), compared with those maintained at 4 °C. When manual and mechanical mixing of fixed samples were compared only marginal differences in cell counts were observed. An increase in cell counts followed manual dilution of milk samples in comparison with automatic dilution. The temperature of samples prepared for counting was also studied and no significant variations occurred between mean temperatures of 12·7 and 32·9 °C. The final factor evaluated was that of holding time before counting; using 4 cell-count levels it was observed that counts were acceptable up to 1½ h.

scholarly journals Monitoring research of somatic cells count in goat milk in the eastern region of Ukraine

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 1101
Author(s):  
T. I. FOTINA ◽  
H. A. FOTINA ◽  
V. I. LADYKA ◽  
L. M. LADYKA ◽  
N. M. ZAZHARSKA
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Somatic Cells ◽  
Goat Milk ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Clear Pattern ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Average Sample

The aim of research was to analyze the contents of somatic cells (SC) in goat milk in the East of Ukraine, level of SC translocation in the process of milking, speed of SC evacuation in their secret, to conduct monitoring and ranging on the level of SC goat milk of herds in the Eastern region during 2015 seasonally. Somatic cell count was studied on a large number of animals in different zones of the East of Ukraine (1800 milk samples). Somatic cell count in goat milk of the Eastern region of Ukraine appears up to 800×10³ cells/ml at 65-71% of studied milk samples by the method of laser-running cytometry with the account of only those cells having DNA in the nucleus. While analyze of SC subpopulations in goat milk it is shown that at increase to 2 million cells/ml and more the concentration of neutrophils and lymphocytes does not change and the number of macrophages and eosinophils (р≤0,05) rises from 1,5 to 4 times accordingly. It is marked that SC contents in goat milk in the morning and evening yield of milk is different. In evening yield of milk, the somatic cell count is up to 30 % higher than in the morning one. A clear pattern of distribution of somatic cells in milk portions during milking was not detected. Average sample of yield is required to determine the somatic cell count in the milk of goats. Six of the eight goats over six months of lactation were given milk with a fairly constant somatic cell count. Low and fairly constant somatic cells content (15 to 63 × 103 cells / ml) is observed in the milk of primiparous goats.

scholarly journals Blood count and number of somatic cells in milk of cows infected with Coxiella burnetii

2011 ◽  
Vol 65 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 367-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miodrag Radinovic ◽  
Stanko Bobos ◽  
Marija Pajic ◽  
Branka Vidic ◽  
Zoran Rasic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Count ◽  
Q Fever ◽  
Somatic Cells ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Blood Analysis ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Flow Cytometric ◽  
Physiological Values

The objective of the work was to examine the intensity of the local immune response of the mammary gland and the changes in the differential blood count of chronically infected cows. An experiment was performed on a group of cows with Q fever serologically proven using the ELISA test (IDEXX). Based on the ELISA test results, an experimental group of ten infected cows was formed. Blood was sampled from the experimental cows, and cumulative milk samples were taken. The number of erythrocytes was determined spectrophotometrically, and the number of leucocytes using the method according to B?rker - T?rk. The blood analysis established an increased number of erythrocytes, while the number of leucocytes was within the limits of physiological values. The milk samples were used for the determination of the number of somatic cells using flow cytometric measurements. The processing of the milk samples established an average number of somatic cells of 853.000 /mL milk.

scholarly journals Relationships of Alizarin Test Scores with Somatic Cell Count in Bovine Milk

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 2089-2091
Author(s):  
Baqdaulet Sadikov ◽  
Savaş Atasever
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Test Scores ◽  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Cell Counting ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Ph Values

The aim of this study was to reveal the association of alizarin test scores (ATS) with somatic cell scores (SCC) in bovine milk. The milk samples (n=60) were collected from three milk selling points in Samsun province of Turkey in two test days (TD). To obtain ATS, change of colour in milk after adding dye solution were used (ATS 1: red-brown/normal, ATS 2: yellow/acidic, and ATS 3: violet/alkali). To test for reliability of ATS by acidity, pH values of the samples were measured with a standard pH meter. In SCC analyses, direct microscopic cell counting was applied. Of examined parameters, only SCC was differed by TD, and both pH and SCC were differed by the location. According to ATP groups, pH and SCC means were also changed. Finally, estimated weak (r=0.247) correlation coefficient between ATS and SCC pointed out that ATS data are not suitable to detect quality degree of bovine milk samples.

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