Imperial Policy or World Price Shocks? Explaining Interwar Korean Consumption Trend

1998 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 731-754 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myung Soo Cha
Keyword(s):  
Public Investment ◽  
Green Revolution ◽  
Price Shocks ◽  
Health Campaign ◽  
Colonial Korea ◽  
Dynamic General Equilibrium Model ◽  
World Price ◽  
Capita Food ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Developmental Policies

Japan vigorously enforced wide-ranging developmental policies in colonial Korea, including a “green revolution” and an industrialization drive. Why did then colonial per capita food availability decline? Simulations using a dynamic general equilibrium model indicate that tax raises, which financed expanding public investment, did not lower, but raised consumption levels over time by accelerating accumulation. Food consumption fell because these policy efforts were inadequate to defeat population explosion initiated by a health campaign. The interwar agricultural depression exacerbated this Malthusian situation. Nevertheless, interwar Korean consumption trend compares favorably with most other rice producers, where the level of government intervention appeared suboptimal.

A Review on Green Revolution, Nutritional Transition, Diabetes and Millet Movement in India

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 455
Author(s):  
Arun Pandiyan ◽  
Mrunal Barbhai ◽  
Srujana Medithi
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Green Revolution ◽  
Whole Grains ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Dramatic Decline ◽  
Nutritional Transition ◽  
Capita Food ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Complex Carbohydrates ◽  
High Yielding Varieties

<p>The advent of the green revolution in the early 1960s in India, when high yielding varieties<br />were introduced into the farm coupled with enhanced irrigation facilities and fertilizers resulted<br />in massive agricultural output. The over emphasis on high yielding crops such as wheat,<br />maize and rice not only improved the harvest index and per capita food availability, but also<br />showed a nutritional transition among people. The indigenous whole grains such as amaranth,<br />barley, sorghum and millets were commonly consumed by people prior to the green revolution.<br />Among these, millet found a dramatic decline in cultivation. Various reasons can be attributed<br />to this shift from millet to other crops. However today, the typical diet of an Indian is of high<br />carbohydrate and low protein since the majority of consumers prefer rice and wheat in their<br />diet. This transition in nutrition from complex carbohydrates of indigenous crops to high<br />glycemic index foods such as wheat and rice is correlated with the incidence of diabetes<br />mellitus. The incidence of diabetes in India is growing exponentially and to combat it, a<br />demand for food containing complex carbohydrates with a higher level of dietary fiber is<br />needed. This review deals with the idea of ‘The Millet Movement’ in India, a strategy through<br />which the dietary management of diabetes can be handled in a better way considering the<br />nutritive value of the millet.</p>

scholarly journals The Impact of Oil Price Shocks on National Income: Evidence from Azerbaijan

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1695
Author(s):  
Shahriyar Mukhtarov ◽  
Sugra Humbatova ◽  
Mubariz Mammadli ◽  
Natig Gadim‒Oglu Hajiyev
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Oil Price ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Oil Price Shocks ◽  
Price Shocks ◽  
Total Trade ◽  
Trade Turnover ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Exchange Rate ◽  
The Impact

This study investigates the influence of oil price shocks on GDP per capita, exchange rate, and total trade turnover in Azerbaijan using the Structural Vector Autoregressive (SVAR) method to data collected from 1992 to 2019. The estimation results of the SVAR method conclude that oil price shocks (rise in oil prices) affect GDP per capita and total trade turnover positively, whereas its influence on the exchange rate is negative in the case of Azerbaijan. According to results of this study, Azerbaijan and similar oil-exporting countries should reduce the dependence of GDP per capita, the exchange rate, and total trade turnover from oil resources and its prices in the global market. Therefore, these countries should attempt to the diversification of GDP per capita, the exchange rate, and other sources of total trade turnover.

scholarly journals Does access to finance improve household welfare?

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Manh Quach
Keyword(s):  
Household Head ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Economic Welfare ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Access To Credit ◽  
Capita Expenditure ◽  
Food Expenditure ◽  
Capita Food ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Positive Effect

In this paper, the author develops an econometric framework to analyze the effect of access to credit on the economic welfare of households in Vietnam. The findings confirm that household credit contributes positively and significantly to the economic welfare of households in terms of per capita expenditure, per capita food expenditure and per capita non-food expenditure. The positive effect of credit on household economic welfare is observed regardless of whether they are poor or better-off households. The author also finds that credit has a greater positive effect on the economic welfare of poorer households and finds that the age of the household head, the household size, land ownership, and savings and the availability of credit at village level are key factors that affect household borrowing. Some policy implications are drawn

scholarly journals Food waste volume and composition in households in Greece

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Food Waste ◽  
Field Data ◽  
Food Item ◽  
Waste Generation ◽  
Waste Collection ◽  
Urban Households ◽  
Household Food ◽  
Actual Field ◽  
Capita Food ◽  
Per Capita

<p>The purpose of this paper is the presentation of the results compiled from self weighing of household food waste and self filling of waste collection diaries that took place in Greece. A diary was compiled and given to 101 urban households in various areas of the country. The participants were asked to weigh and write down in the diary every food item wasted in their households for two full weeks (i.e., 14 days). The total per capita food waste generation in Greece is estimated to be 76.1 (±68.3) kg/inh.y. This figure is divided into the avoided food waste fraction which equals to 25.9 (±34.9) kg/inh.y, and the unavoidable fraction which is estimated to be 50.2 (±47.1) kg/inh.y. The use of diaries for recording food that is thrown away from households is a methodology that underestimates the food wasted in households because households tend to be cautious when they know that they have to weigh and report the amount of food that they throw away. The current research is the first of its kind, presenting actual field data for food waste generation by households in Greece.</p>

scholarly journals Analysis of the Determinants of Export Diversification in the Franc Zone: A Comparative Study in WAEMU and CAEMU Countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. p66
Author(s):  
Rémy HOUNSOU, Ph.D. ◽  
Firmin Gbetoho AYIVODJI
Keyword(s):  
Financial Liberalization ◽  
Public Investment ◽  
Trade Openness ◽  
Job Creation ◽  
Balance Of Payments ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Export Diversification ◽  
Franc Zone ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Sustainable Economic Growth

The objective of this study is to analyze the determinants of export diversification in the 14 countries of the Franc Zone and compare them between WAEMU and CAEMU zones. Export diversification leads to sustainable economic growth, a satisfactory balance of payments, job creation and income redistribution. To this end, the study uses Bruno (2005a, b) LSDVC econometric estimation methods over the period 1990-2015 to identify factors that may or may not improve export diversification in these countries. The main lesson of this study is that more factors favor diversification in WAEMU countries compared to those in the CAEMU zone. In addition, we note a U-inverse relationship between per capita income and diversification in the WAEMU zone while a U-shaped relationship is observed in the second zone. Moreover, the results on the Franc Zone as a whole show that the most relevant explicative factors of export diversification are: human capital, economic development, financial liberalization, degree of trade openness, public investment and the index of democracy.

Technological Change and the Transformation of Global Agriculture

2010 ◽  
pp. 272-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro Nin-Pratt
Keyword(s):  
Technical Change ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Public Investment ◽  
Green Revolution ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
The Public ◽  
Mendelian Genetics ◽  
Research And Innovation ◽  
Global Agriculture ◽  
New Institutions

This chapter discusses the economic impact of science-based research in agriculture. Global agriculture was transformed in the 20th century by the Green Revolution that resulted from applying Mendelian genetics to crop and animal breeding. Developments of biotechnology in the last 20 years marked the dawn of a gene revolution that is thought to replace Mendelian genetics as the driver of technical change in agriculture. In recent years and still far from reaching the full potential impact of biotechnology in agriculture, developments in nanotechnology promise to further push the research and innovation frontier in agriculture. In this new environment, the private sector emerges as the main actor in agricultural R&D displacing the public sector, which played a central role during the Green Revolution period. However, more public investment in R&D rather than less and new institutions will be needed in developing countries if they are to benefit from the new technologies.

scholarly journals Examining the crises in the food sector of Nigerian agriculture

2002 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-84
Author(s):  
Richard Ilorah
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Subsistence Farming ◽  
Food Sector ◽  
Commercial Farming ◽  
Capita Food ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Policy Mechanisms ◽  
Radical Approach

Food output in Nigeria has deteriorated since the 1970s, whereas the population continues to grow. Consequently, the country experiences a fall in per capita food production. Grouping the country's food producers under four categories, this paper argues that production has remained a predominantly peasant affair, characterized by subsistency, inefficiency and low productivity. For a way forward out of the food crises, we introduce a theoretical model of the impact of policy mechanisms on agricultural output. We also look at the target group of the policy mechanisms. The paper concludes that to tackle the food crises, the country needs a radical approach to the problem, with emphasis on a total departure from its hitherto subsistence farming to a modem commercial farming.

The Recession and Public Investment in Education in Latin America

1989 ◽  
Vol 31 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 125-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jandhyala B. G. Tilak
Keyword(s):  
Public Investment ◽  
National Income ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Return To Education ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Allocation Of Resources ◽  
Relative Priority ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Economic Well Being

It is the most common presumption that the relative priority accorded to education in an economy is significantly determined by economic conditions, particularly by the national income per capita and the budget. However, under normal conditions of economic well-being, allocation of resources to education is generally found to be least influenced by economic factors in any important way. Economic ability factors like GNP per capita and public spending on education are not significantly related. Neither are criteria for efficiency, like the rate of return to education, found to influence policies which allocate resources to education (see Tilak, 1982).

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