scholarly journals Does access to finance improve household welfare?

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Manh Quach
Keyword(s):  
Household Head ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Economic Welfare ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Access To Credit ◽  
Capita Expenditure ◽  
Food Expenditure ◽  
Capita Food ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Positive Effect

In this paper, the author develops an econometric framework to analyze the effect of access to credit on the economic welfare of households in Vietnam. The findings confirm that household credit contributes positively and significantly to the economic welfare of households in terms of per capita expenditure, per capita food expenditure and per capita non-food expenditure. The positive effect of credit on household economic welfare is observed regardless of whether they are poor or better-off households. The author also finds that credit has a greater positive effect on the economic welfare of poorer households and finds that the age of the household head, the household size, land ownership, and savings and the availability of credit at village level are key factors that affect household borrowing. Some policy implications are drawn

scholarly journals Food Waste of Italian Families: Proportion in Quantity and Monetary Value of Food Purchases

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1920
Author(s):  
Vittoria Aureli ◽  
Maria Luisa Scalvedi ◽  
Laura Rossi
Keyword(s):  
Food Waste ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Monetary Value ◽  
Food Purchases ◽  
Food Expenditure ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Capita Food ◽  
Per Capita

Halving per capita food waste (FW) is one of the objectives of the Sustainable Development Goals. This study aims to evaluate the weight and monetary values of food waste among a sample of Italian families. In a representative sample of 1142 families, the adults responsible for food purchases and in charge of preparing meals were assessed with a self-administrated questionnaire measuring quantity and typology of FW. These data were linked with food purchases figures measured as an average of four weeks. Italian families wasted 399 kg of food per week (4.4% of the weight of food purchased), which correspond to a monetary value of €1.052 (3.8% of the overall food expenditure). Clustering the food groups according to waste quantity, typology, and monetary value made it possible to show that price has a role in the generation of food waste, as the lower the unitary cost, the higher the quantity of waste. Consequently, foods with high unitary costs were less wasted. The results of this study showed that Italian consumers are sensitive to the economic impact of waste and this should be considered in sensitization campaigns.

scholarly journals ANALISIS FAKTOR YANG BERPENGARUH TERHADAP IPM MENGGUNAKAN REGRESI LINEAR BERGANDA

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 282-291
Author(s):  
Zakiyatul Fitriyah ◽  
Syafira Irsalina ◽  
Aditya Rizq Herlandy K ◽  
Edy Widodo
Keyword(s):  
Research Method ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Significant Positive Effect ◽  
West Java ◽  
Capita Expenditure ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Measuring Tool ◽  
Positive Effect

Development becomes a tool to achieve the goals of a nation. Meanwhile, economic growth is used as an indicator to determine the success of a country's development. HDI is a measuring tool to determine the level of development. Indonesia's HDI is included in the high category, including West Java and Banten provinces. There are allegations that the Covid-19 pandemic in 2020 affected the factors that formed the HDI. This study aims to determine the description of HDI and the influence of factors forming HDI consisting of AHH, RLS, HLS, and per capita expenditure. The secondary data used is sourced from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) of the Republic of Indonesia. This research method is multiple regression analysis. Based on the study results, the partial test showed that the variables AHH, RLS, HLS, and per capita expenditure had a significant positive effect on the Regency/City HDI variable in the Provinces of West Java and Banten in 2020

scholarly journals Determinan Kemiskinan dan Tingkat Kesejahteraan Masyarakat di Provinsi Bali

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-36
Author(s):  
Gek Ayu Nina ◽  
Surya Dewi Rustariyuni
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Path Analysis ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Variable Ratio ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Food Expenditure ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Human Quality ◽  
Positive Effect

Abstrak Paradigma pembangunaan manusia saat ini telah menjadikan manusia sebagai subjek dalam pembangunan ekonomi. Perubahan tersebut akan meningkatkan kualitas manusia, sehingga manusia dapat menjadi modal dalam pembangunan ekonomi yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat. Kesejahteraan masyarakat sebagai point penting yang ingin dicapai dalam SDGs, dapat diukur melalui IPM. IPM Bali secara nasional pada tahun 2016 IPM bali berada pada kategori menengah yaitu sebesar 73,65 persen, namun setelah dilihat di setiap kabupaten/kotanya ternyata terdapat lima kabupaten yang memiliki rata-rata IPM dibawah rata-rata provinsi. Tujuan penelitian yang hendak dicapai : 1) untuk menganalisis pengaruh gini rasio dan pengeluaran non makanan per kapita terhadap kemiskinan di kabupaten/kota Provinsi Bali; 2) Untuk menganalisis pengaruh gini rasio, pengeluaran non makanan per kapita dan kemiskinan terhadap kesejahteraan masyarakat di kabupaten/kota Provinsi Bali; dan 3) Untuk menganalisis pengaruh gini rasio dan pengeluaran non makanan per kapita melalui kemiskinan terhadap kesejahteraan masyarakat di kabupaten/kota Provinsi Bali. Teknik analisis menggunakan analisis jalur dan hasil penelitian Gini Rasio berpengaruh positif terhadap kemiskinan dan pengeluaran non makanan berpengaruh negatif signifikan terhadap kemiskinan. Hasil pengujian variabel Gini Rasio terhadap kesejahteraan masyarakat, gini rasio tidak berpengaruh, sedangkan pengeluaran non makanan berpengaruh positif dan kemiskinan berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap kesejahteraan masyarakat. Kata kunci: gini rasio, IPM, kemiskinan   Abstrac                  The paradigm of human development has made humans as subjects in economic development. These changes will improve human quality, so that humans can become capital in economic development that aims to improve people's welfare. Community welfare as an important point to be achieved in the SDGs, can be measured through HDI. National HDI Bali in 2016 Bali HDI is in the middle category, which is equal to 73.65 percent, but after being seen in each regency / city it turns out there are five districts which have an average HDI below the provincial average. The objectives of the study were to be achieved: 1) to analyze the influence of the gini ratio and non-food expenditure per capita on poverty in the regency / city of Bali Province; 2) To analyze the influence of the gini ratio, non-food expenditure per capita and poverty on the welfare of the community in the regency / city of Bali Province; and 3) To analyze the influence of the gini ratio and non-food expenditure per capita through poverty on the welfare of the community in the regency / city of the Province of Bali. The analysis technique uses path analysis and Gini research results. Ratio has a positive effect on poverty and non-food expenditure has a significant negative effect on poverty. The results of testing the Gini variable ratio on community welfare, the gini ratio has no effect, while non-food expenditure has a positive effect and poverty has a negative and significant effect on people's welfare Keywords: gini ratio, HDI, poverty

scholarly journals Analysis of GDP Trends and Inequalities in Vietnam’s Provinces and Groups of Provinces

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 167-186
Author(s):  
Xuan-Binh Vu ◽  
Son Nghiem
Keyword(s):  
National Average ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Current Paper ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Ho Chi Minh City ◽  
Growth Path ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Per Capita

Our recent paper (Vu et al., 2016) applied the Phillips and Sul’s method (2007, 2009) and found that the 61 provinces of Vietnam were formed in five convergence sub-groups. This current paper identifies trends and patterns of inequality in provincial GDP per capita of each sub-group of provinces in Vietnam during the period 1990-2011. It also analyses the growth path of each province compared with that of the reference economy [Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC) and the national average]. The results show that there were the downward trends of inequality in GDP per capita of each sub-group. Also, during the period 1990-1994, most provinces diverged from HCMC but during the period 2004-2011, all provinces tended to converge to it. However, there were few poorest provinces, which tend to be located in geographically and economically isolated regions of Vietnam. This paper analyses main characteristics of provinces and key factors affecting the trends and patterns of disparities in GDP per capita of each sub-group. Furthermore, several policy implications are discussed.

Off-farm income and food expenditure of rural households in China

2019 ◽  
Vol 121 (5) ◽  
pp. 1088-1100
Author(s):  
Yuying Liu ◽  
Alan Renwick ◽  
Xinhong Fu
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Rural China ◽  
Rural Households ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Food Expenditure ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of off-farm income on food expenditure, using survey data of 493 rural households from Gansu, Henan and Shandong provinces in China. Design/methodology/approach A two-stage least squares estimator is used to jointly estimate the determinants of off-farm income and the direct impact of off-farm income on food expenditure while controlling for the endogeneity issue associated with off-farm income variable. Findings The empirical results show that gender, education of household head, household size, farm size, the presence of children, smartphone use and asset ownership mainly determine off-farm income, and the off-farm income affects food expenditure of rural households significantly. In particular, the results show that a 1,000 yuan increase in per capita off-farm income increases per capita food expenditure by 61 yuan. Further estimations reveal that off-farm income has a larger effect on food expenditure of high-income rural households relative to their low-income counterparts. Originality/value Although poverty implications of off-farm income have been well documented, few studies have analysed the effects of off-farm income on food expenditure of rural households. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, there are no studies on this issue that focus on rural China. Therefore, the present study attempts to provide a first insight into the association between off-farm income and food expenditure of rural households in China, with the aim of providing useful evidence for policymakers in their efforts to reduce rural and urban food consumption gap and further increase social welfare.

scholarly journals Decomposing Inequality in Household Consumption Expenditure in Malaysia

Economies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Mohsen Ayyash ◽  
Siok Kun Sek
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Consumption Expenditure ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Household Expenditure Survey ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Household Heads ◽  
Log Linear

This study aims to examine the sources and determinants of consumption expenditure inequality in Malaysia as well as to quantify their proportional contributions to the total explained inequality using the Household Expenditure Survey (HES) data for the year 2014 collected from the Malaysian Department of Statistics (DOSM). The study applies Field’s regression-based decomposition method to the log-linear regression model of per capita monthly consumption expenditure. It is found that the model explains about 55.2% of the variability in the logged monthly consumption expenditure per capita. The findings suggest that the size of households, education of household heads, and regional variations are the major contributing factors to consumption expenditure inequality in Malaysia, with household size being among the highest. Other household head characteristics, including ethnicity, strata, and citizenship, have small contributions to the total explained inequality. However, sex and age of household heads contributed negatively to inequality and have inequality decreasing effects, with a negative impact on inequality. A large percentage of unexplained inequality is not captured by these factors, which may be attributed to either unobserved household attributes or residuals. The results are important for policy implications and should be taken into account in formulating future policies, especially those aiming to reduce inequality among the population and thus improving living standards and well-being.

scholarly journals Spatial Autoregressive Model and Spatial Patterns of Poverty In Lampung Province

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Dhea Pratama ◽  
I Wayan Suparta ◽  
Ukhti Ciptawaty
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Spatial Modeling ◽  
Autoregressive Model ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Spatial Autoregressive Model ◽  
Capita Expenditure ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Spatial Autoregressive ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Positive Effect

Many research in economics only focus on the independence of a region while neglecting the effects of space and the interaction that occurs between mutually adjacent areas. The purpose of this study is to measure the multidimensional poverty concept in 15 districts/cities in the province of Lampung in 2015-2019. Spatial analysis such as moran i statistics, LISA clustered map, and lisa signification are used to analyze spatial patterns and spatial autocorrelation. Spatial modeling with spatial autoregressive model, geoda and geographical information systems are used as explanatory spatial data and spatial modeling. The results show that the percentage of poor people between districts/cities in Lampung Province have positive Moran's I values, there is a clustered pattern in 2015-2019, Moran scatter plot depicts 4 quadrants, LISA Cluster map indicates high-high and low-low areas, and LISA map has 4 significant areas. Spatial regression results show that per capita expenditure for nonfood has a negative effect, per capita expenditure for food has a positive effect, population growth rate has a positive effect, household clean water has a positive effect, life expectancy has a negative effect, mean years of schooling has a negative effect, and simultaneously the independent variables have a significant influence on the percentage of poor people. Poverty in Lampung Province is spatially related to each other between regions, the findings suggest that the variables used affect spatially. The implication of this result is one of the basis for inter-regional policies in the interests of multi-dimensional poverty alleviation between regions.Keywords: Poverty, Spatial analysis, Spatial Autoregressive Model (SAR)

Food insecurity transitions among rural households in Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oluwakemi Adeola Obayelu ◽  
Emem Ime Akpan
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Secondary Education ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Primary Education ◽  
Rural Households ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Dependency Ratio ◽  
Male Adult ◽  
Access To Credit ◽  
Food Expenditure

Food insecurity dynamics of rural households in Nigeria was assessed using a panel data. Results showed that 44.4% of households that were food secure in the first panel transited into food insecurity in the second panel, while 32.5% that were mildly food insecure transited into food security. Furthermore, 25.7% transited from moderate food insecurity to food security, while 38.2% transited from severe food insecurity to food security. About 35.1% of households were never food insecure; 11.4% exited food insecurity 28.0% entered food insecurity; while 25.48% remained always food insecure. Having primary education, secondary education, dependency ratio, household size, share of non-food expenditure and farm size explained food insecurity transition. However, the likelihood of a household being always food insecure was explained by gender, female-to-male-adult ratio, marital status, primary education, secondary education, dependency ratio, share of non-food expenditure, farm size, access to credit and access to remittance.

The Problem of Agricultural Taxation in West Pakistan and an Alternative Solution: A Comment (Notes & Comments)

1973 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 433-437
Author(s):  
Sarfaraz Khan Qureshi
Keyword(s):  
Capita Income ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Tax Rate ◽  
Water Rate ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Government

In the Summer 1973 issue of the Pakistan Development Review, Mr. Mohammad Ghaffar Chaudhry [1] has dealt with two very important issues relating to the intersectoral tax equity and the intrasectoral tax equity within the agricultural sector in Pakistan. Using a simple criterion for vertical tax equity that implies that the tax rate rises with per capita income such that the ratio of revenue to income rises at the same percentage rate as per capita income, Mr. Chaudhry found that the agricultural sector is overtaxed in Pakistan. Mr. Chaudhry further found that the land tax is a regressive levy with respect to the farm size. Both findings, if valid, have important policy implications. In this note we argue that the validity of the findings on intersectoral tax equity depends on the treatment of water rate as tax rather than the price of a service provided by the Government and on the shifting assumptions regard¬ing the indirect taxes on imports and domestic production levied by the Central Government. The relevance of the findings on the intrasectoral tax burden would have been more obvious if the tax liability was related to income from land per capita.

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