The Impact of the Irish on British Labor Markets During the Industrial Revolution

1986 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 693-720 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey G. Williamson
Keyword(s):  
General Equilibrium ◽  
Labor Markets ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Equilibrium Model ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Urban Migration ◽  
Real Wages ◽  
Rural Urban Migration ◽  
Rapid Industrialization ◽  
The Impact

The Irish immigrations during the First Industrial Revolution serve to complicate any assessment of Britain's economic performance up to the 1850s. This paper estimates the size of the Irish immigrations and explores its impact on real wages, rural-urban migration, and industrialization. Using a general equilibrium model, the paper finds that the Irish did not play a significant role in accounting for rising inequality, lagging real wages, or rapid industrialization.

Women's rural-urban migration in Lebanon

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Sally N. Youssef
Keyword(s):  
Internal Migration ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Lived Experiences ◽  
Urban Migration ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Migrant Women ◽  
Migration Studies ◽  
Rural Urban Migration ◽  
Low Income Women ◽  
The Impact

Women’s sole internal migration has been mostly ignored in migration studies, and the concentration on migrant women has been almost exclusively on low-income women within the household framework. This study focuses on middleclass women’s contemporary rural-urban migration in Lebanon. It probes into the determinants and outcomes of women’s sole internal migration within the empowerment framework. The study delves into the interplay of the personal, social, and structural factors that determine the women’s rural-urban migration as well as its outcomes. It draws together the lived experiences of migrant women to explore the determinants of women’s internal migration as well as the impact of migration on their expanded empowerment.

scholarly journals Effects of Industry 4.0 on the Labor Markets of Iran and Japan

Economies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Majid Ziaei Nafchi ◽  
Hana Mohelská
Keyword(s):  
Labor Markets ◽  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Cyber Physical Systems ◽  
Physical Systems ◽  
Science Technology ◽  
Levels Of Automation ◽  
Technology And Economy ◽  
The Impact

Industry 4.0 is the essence of the fourth Industrial revolution and is happening right now in manufacturing by using cyber-physical systems (CPS) to reach high levels of automation. Industry 4.0 is especially beneficial in highly developed countries in terms of competitive advantage, but causes unemployment because of high levels of automation. The aim of this paper is to find out if the impact of adopting Industry 4.0 on the labor markets of Iran and Japan would be the same, and to make analysis to find out whether this change is possible for Iran and Japan with their current infrastructures, economy, and policies. With the present situation of Iran in science, technology, and economy, it will be years before Iran could, or better say should, implement Industry 4.0. Japan is able to adopt Industry 4.0 much earlier than Iran and with less challenges ahead; this does not mean that the Japanese labor market would not be affected by this change but it means that those effects would not cause as many difficulties as they would for Iran.

A World of Cities: Dream or Nightmare?

1979 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Hordern
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
New World ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Urban Migration ◽  
City Development ◽  
Original Stimulus ◽  
The Future ◽  
Rural Urban Migration ◽  
Urban Stress

With the progress of civilization cities, many of which originally developed in Mesopotamia and Egypt, spread northwards into Europe to proliferate there and, later, in the New World. The Industrial Revolution, a predominantly British phenomenon, was the original stimulus to Western urbanization, a process that continues to this day. City living has many advantages, but also many drawbacks including increased mortality and urban stress; psychiatry has had to concern itself with many of its difficulties. Rural-urban migration is also currently taking place in Asia, Latin America and Africa; in these continents the problems of urbanization, exacerbated by indigenous factors, have proved to be considerable. Some remedies for overurbanization are considered, as is also city development in the future.

scholarly journals Rural-Urban Migration and its Effect on Land Transfer in Rural China

Land ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dingde Xu ◽  
Zhuolin Yong ◽  
Xin Deng ◽  
Linmei Zhuang ◽  
Chen Qing
Keyword(s):  
Labor Force ◽  
Rural China ◽  
Urban Migration ◽  
Land Area ◽  
Land Use Patterns ◽  
Land Transfer ◽  
Average Probability ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Rural Urban Migration ◽  
The Impact

Labor force rural-urban migration will lead to changes to the land use patterns of farmers. Using the survey data on dynamic migration of the Chinese labor force in 2014, iv-probit and iv-tobit models were used to analyze the impact of labor migration on the land transfer of farmers. The results show that: (1) Off-farm employment would significantly impact land transfer of farmers and the results are robust. With every 10% increase in the proportion of off-farm employment of farmers, the average probability of rent-in land of farmers decreases by 1.55%, and the average transfer in land area of farmers decreased by 1.04%. Similarly, with every 10% increase in the proportion of off-farm employment of farmers, the average probability of rent-out land of farmers increases by 4.77%, and the average transfer out land area of farmers increases by 3.98%. (2) Part-time employment also has a significant impact on land transfer of farmers, but the impact of part-time employment on land transfer in is not robust. Specifically, with every 10% increase in part-farm employment, the average probability of rent-out land of farmers increases by 7.64%, and the average transfer out land area of farmers increases by 6.85%.

scholarly journals How Does the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Affect the U.S. Economy?

2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey J. Reimer ◽  
Senal Weerasooriya ◽  
Tyler T. West
Keyword(s):  
General Equilibrium ◽  
National Economy ◽  
Equilibrium Model ◽  
Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program ◽  
Disposable Income ◽  
Supplemental Nutrition ◽  
Assistance Program ◽  
Nutrition Assistance ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The U.S

The impact of the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) on the national economy is examined using a general equilibrium model and comparing measures of the economy from 2010 to a simulation of that economy without SNAP. Without the SNAP program, the overall size of the economy hardly differs—demand for labor increases slightly. However, households that would be eligible for SNAP experience a net loss. They have 5.5 percent less disposable income while ineligible households have approximately 1 percent more income without SNAP, and output of products eligible for purchase with SNAP funds declines approximately one billion dollars.

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