Biological control of Haemonchus contortus infective larvae in ovine faeces by administering an oral suspension of Duddingtonia flagrans chlamydospores to sheep

1998 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 343-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Mendoza de Gives ◽  
J. Flores Crespo ◽  
D. Herrera Rodriguez ◽  
V. Vazquez Prats ◽  
E. Liebano Hernandez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Oral Dose ◽  
Single Oral Dose ◽  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Aqueous Suspension ◽  
Oral Suspension ◽  
Duddingtonia Flagrans ◽  
Infective Larvae ◽  
Maximum Reduction ◽  
Mexican Isolate

AbstractA single oral dose of an aqueous suspension containing 11,350,000 chlamydospores of a Mexican isolate of Duddingtonia flagrans (FTHO-8) given to sheep, resulted in a maximum reduction of 88% (range 86.7–90.4%) of the population of Haemonchus contortus infective larvae in the faeces. The effect of this treatment continued for 4–5 days after administration of the suspension. The possible use of this treatment as a method of control of ovine haemonchosis is discussed.

The predatory capability of three nematophagous fungi in the control of Haemonchus contortus infective larvae in ovine faeces

2003 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 297-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Flores-Crespo ◽  
D. Herrera-Rodríguez ◽  
P. Mendoza de Gives ◽  
E. Liébano-Hernández ◽  
V.M. Vázquez-Prats ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Aqueous Suspension ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Duddingtonia Flagrans ◽  
Arthrobotrys Oligospora ◽  
Larval Population ◽  
Similar Treatment ◽  
Infective Larvae

AbstractThe effect of oral administration of three different nematode-trapping fungi, in aqueous suspension containing either Dactylaria sp. or Arthrobotrys oligospora conidia or Duddingtonia flagrans chlamydospores, on the number of Haemonchus contortus infective larvae in sheep faeces, was evaluated. The three selected species of fungi produce three-dimensional adhesive nets in the presence of nematodes. Sixteen Creole sheep were divided into four groups of four animals each. Groups 1 and 2 were orally drenched with a suspension containing 2×107 conidia of either A. oligospora or Dactylaria sp. Group 3, received a similar treatment, with D. flagrans chlamydospores, instead of conidia, being administered, at the same dose. Group 4 acted as control, without any fungi. Faecal samples were collected directly from the rectum of each sheep and faecal cultures were prepared and incubated at 15 and 21 days. Larvae were recovered from faecal cultures and counted. The highest reduction of the nematode population occurred in the D. flagrans group, reaching reductions of 96.3% and 91.4% in individual samplings in plates incubated for 15 and 21 days, respectively. Arthrobotrys oligospora showed moderate reductions in the faecal larval population, ranging between 25–64% at 15 days incubation. In general, Dactylaria sp., was less efficient in its trapping ability. Despite the inconsistent results with Dactylaria sp., reduction percentages of 73.4% and 80.7% were recorded in individual samplings during the first and second days, in plates incubated for 15 days. Duddingtonia flagrans, was shown to be a potential biological control agent of H. contortus infective larvae.

The nematode-trapping efficacy of two chlamydospore-forming fungi against Haemonchus contortus in sheep

2005 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 315-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.B. Chauhan ◽  
P.K. Sanyal ◽  
R.B. Subramanian
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Duddingtonia Flagrans ◽  
Infective Larvae ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Indian Isolates ◽  
Set Up

AbstractAn in vitro study was carried out to determine efficacy of Indian isolates of the nematode-trapping fungi Arthrobotrys musiformis and Duddingtonia flagrans to capture infective larvae of Haemonchus contortus. These fungi have previously been screened and selected for their survival in the gastrointestinal tract of sheep without losing growth and nematode capturing potential. Following the feeding of chlamydospores of these two fungi alone or in combination in sheep experimentally infected with Haemonchus contortus, coprocultures were set up to enumerate the infective third stage larvae. The number of larvae captured from faeces of fungus-fed sheep was significantly higher compared with fungus-unfed controls irrespective of the fungus used. The fungal combination produced no antagonistic effect and thus can be used as efficiently as the fungi alone in the biological control of animal parasitic nematodes.

Resistance of chlamydospores of nematophagous fungi to the digestive processes of sheep in Mexico

1998 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.D. Llerandi-Juárez ◽  
P. Mendoza-de Gives
Keyword(s):  
Oral Administration ◽  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Corn Meal ◽  
Corn Meal Agar ◽  
Duddingtonia Flagrans ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Oral Inoculation ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Mexican Isolate ◽  
Digestive Processes

AbstractFollowing oral administration to sheep, chlamydospores of a Mexican isolate of Duddingtonia flagrans (FTHO-8) survived passage through the digestive tract and subsequently grew on corn meal agar plates. The fungus was able to catch and destroy free-living nematodes and third-stage larvae of Haemonchus contortus added to these plates. Chlamydospores of Arthrobotrys sp. showed a poor resistance to the digestive processes of sheep, although conidia of A. superba survived following oral inoculation in one of two animals.

scholarly journals Fungal Antagonism Assessment of Predatory Species and Producers Metabolites and Their Effectiveness onHaemonchus contortusInfective Larvae

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manoel Eduardo Silva ◽  
Fabio Ribeiro Braga ◽  
Pedro Mendoza de Gives ◽  
Jair Millán-Orozco ◽  
Miguel Angel Mercado Uriostegui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Nematophagous Fungi ◽  
Duddingtonia Flagrans ◽  
Clonostachys Rosea ◽  
Infective Larvae ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Show Evidence ◽  
Fungal Antagonism

The objective of this study was to assess antagonism of nematophagous fungi and species producers metabolites and their effectiveness onHaemonchus contortusinfective larvae (L3). Assay A assesses the synergistic, additive, or antagonistic effect on the production of spores of fungal isolates of the speciesDuddingtonia flagrans,Clonostachys rosea,Trichoderma esau, andArthrobotrys musiformis; Assay B evaluates in vitro the effect of intercropping of these isolates grown in 2% water-agar (2% WA) on L3ofH. contortus.D. flagrans(Assay A) produced 5.3 × 106spores and associated withT. esau,A. musiformis, orC. roseareduced its production by 60.37, 45.28, and 49.05%, respectively.T. esauproduced 7.9 × 107conidia and associated withD. flagrans,A. musiformis, orC. roseareduced its production by 39.24, 82.27, and 96.96%, respectively.A. musiformisproduced 7.3 × 109spores and associated withD. flagrans,T. esau, orC. roseareduced its production by 99.98, 99.99, and 99.98%, respectively.C. roseaproduced 7.3 × 108conidia and associated withD. flagrans,T. esau, orA. musiformisreduced its production by 95.20, 96.84, and 93.56%, respectively. These results show evidence of antagonism in the production of spores between predators fungi.

scholarly journals Activity in vitro of fungal conidia of Duddingtonia flagrans and Monacrosporium thaumasium on Haemonchus contortus infective larvae

2010 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 138-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.R. Silva ◽  
J.V. Araújo ◽  
F.R. Braga ◽  
C.D.F. Alves ◽  
L.N. Frassy
Keyword(s):  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Duddingtonia Flagrans ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Infective Larvae ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Petri Dishes ◽  
And Control ◽  
Baermann Method

AbstractThe objective of this work was to evaluate the predatory activity of the fungi Duddingtonia flagrans (AC001) and Monacrosporium thaumasium (NF34a) on Haemonchus contortus infective larvae (L3) in two experimental assays (A and B). In assay A, two treatments and one control were formed and kept for 7 days in Petri dishes with 2% water-agar. Each treatment consisted of 1000 H. contortus L3 and 1000 conidia of only one fungal isolate, and the control group consisted of 1000 L3, without fungus, with 10 repetitions per group. In assay B, 1000 conidia of one of the fungal isolates, AC001 or NF34a, were added to coprocultures made from 20 g of faeces collected from sheep naturally infected with H. contortus. At the end of the experiment, the Baermann method was used to count the non-predated larvae of all Petri dishes from treatment and control groups. In assay A, no difference was observed (P>0.05) between the groups treated with AC001 and NF34a fungi. A difference was observed (P < 0.05) between the treated and control groups. The L3 reduction percentages at the end of the experiment were 87.75 and 85.57%, respectively, for the fungal isolates compared to the control group. In assay B, the reduction percentages for conidia of these isolates were 85.82 and 87.32%, respectively. The results obtained show that D. flagrans (AC001) and M. thaumasium (NF34a) were effective in the in vitro control of sheep H. contortus L3 and could be used in the biological control of this nematode.

scholarly journals Survey of nematophagous fungi in South Africa : research communication

2005 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
D.T. Durand ◽  
H.M. Boshoff ◽  
L.M. Michael ◽  
R.C. Krecek
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Nematophagous Fungi ◽  
Duddingtonia Flagrans ◽  
Research Communication ◽  
Infective Larvae ◽  
Nematode Larvae ◽  
Game Animals

Three hundred and eighty-four samples of leaf litter, soil, faeces from domestic and game animals, compost and aqueous cultures of infective nematode larvae contaminated with unidentified fungi were plated out on water agar, baited with pure infective larvae of Haemonchus contortus, incubated and examined for the presence of nematophagous fungi. Duddingtonia flagrans was isolated from five samples, and 73 samples were positive for other nematophagous fungi.

Biological control of Ostertagia ostertagi by feeding selected nematode-trapping fungi to calves

1993 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Grønvold ◽  
J. Wolstrup ◽  
M. Larsen ◽  
S. A. Henriksen ◽  
P. Nansen
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Present Experiment ◽  
Alimentary Tract ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
Not Given ◽  
Duddingtonia Flagrans ◽  
Arthrobotrys Oligospora ◽  
Ostertagia Ostertagi ◽  
Infective Larvae

AbstractThree nematode-trapping fungi, one Arthrobotrys oligospora and two Duddingtonia flagrans isolates, were fed to Ostertagia ostertagi-infected calves to test their ability to destroy larvae of this parasite in faeces and consequently to reduce the transmission of infective larvae to herbage. The fungi had previously been selected for their capability to pass the alimentary tract of cattle without losing growth and nematode-trapping potentials. Dung was collected from three calves each fed one of the three fungi and placed as 1-kg cow pats on a parasite-free grass plot together with control cow pats from a calf that was not given fungi. The cow pats contained comparable concentrations of parasite eggs. The two D. flagrans isolates were highly effective in that they reduced herbage larval infectivity by 74–85%. In contrast, A. oligospora did not show any effect in the present experiment. Field experiments will demonstrate if D. flagrans represents a potential organism for biological control of bovine gastrointestinal nematodes under practical agricultural management conditions.

scholarly journals Interaction between the nematophagous fungusDuddingtonia flagransand infective larvae ofHaemonchus contortus(Nematoda: Trichostrongyloidea)

2008 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 337-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.K. Campos ◽  
J.V. Araújo ◽  
M.P. Guimarães
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Scanning Electron Micrographs ◽  
Duddingtonia Flagrans ◽  
Larval Cuticle ◽  
Infective Larvae ◽  
Dialysis Membranes ◽  
Nematode Cuticle ◽  
Scanning Electron

AbstractThe interaction betweenDuddingtonia flagransand infective larvae ofHaemonchus contortuswas studiedin vitrounder optical and scanning electron microscopy. Trap formation by the fungus started 9 hours after inoculation and first larvae were found 11 hours after larval inoculation on colonies grown on the surface of dialysis membranes. Scanning electron micrographs were taken 12, 24, 36 and 48 h after larval predation. Details of predation structures and fungus–larvae interaction are described. A mucilaginous substance occurred at the points of adherence of traps to nematode cuticle. Bacteria were also found at some points of interaction between fungus and larval cuticle. Cuticle penetration by fungus hyphae occurred only 48 h after predation.

Predatory activity of nematophagus fungus Duddingtonia flagrans in infective larvae after gastrointestinal transit: biological control in pasture areas and in vitro

2021 ◽  
Vol 95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Haline Buss Baiak ◽  
Jennifer Mayara Gasparina ◽  
Letícia Ianke ◽  
Karolini Tenffen de Sousa ◽  
Matheus Deniz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Gastrointestinal Transit ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Duddingtonia Flagrans ◽  
Predatory Activity ◽  
Infective Larvae ◽  
Pasture Area

Abstract Biological control is a strategy to decrease parasitic populations, and the action takes place through natural antagonists in the environment. We studied the predatory activity of the fungus Duddingtonia flagrans in infective larvae (L3) of gastrointestinal nematodes after gastrointestinal transit. Ten heifers were divided into two groups: treated (animals received pellets containing fungus) and control (animals received pellets without fungus). Twelve hours after administration, faeces samples were collected for in vitro efficacy tests. The animals then remained for 7 h in the experimental pasture area. At the end of this period, 20 faecal pads (ten treated and ten control) were selected at random. Pasture, faecal pad and soil collections occurred with an interval of 7 days, totalling four assessments. In vitro activity demonstrated that fungi effectively preyed on L3, achieving a reduction percentage of 88%. In the faecal pad of the pasture area, there was a difference (P < 0.05) between collections 3 and 4 for both groups; in the treated group a reduction of 65% was obtained, while in the control group there was an increase of 217% in the number of L3. The recovery of L3 in the soil and in the pasture was similar in both groups. There was no influence (P = 0.87) of the passage time on the fungus predatory activity. Duddingtonia flagrans demonstrated the ability to survive gastrointestinal transit in the animals, reducing the number of L3 in the faeces, indicating that this biological control has great potential in the control of worm infections.

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