Biological control of infective larvae of a gastro-intestinal nematode ( Teladorsagia circumcincta ) and a small lungworm ( Muellerius capillaris ) by Duddingtonia flagrans in goat faeces

AbstractA single oral dose of an aqueous suspension containing 11,350,000 chlamydospores of a Mexican isolate of Duddingtonia flagrans (FTHO-8) given to sheep, resulted in a maximum reduction of 88% (range 86.7–90.4%) of the population of Haemonchus contortus infective larvae in the faeces. The effect of this treatment continued for 4–5 days after administration of the suspension. The possible use of this treatment as a method of control of ovine haemonchosis is discussed.

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Biological control of Ostertagia ostertagi by feeding selected nematode-trapping fungi to calves

Journal of Helminthology ◽

10.1017/s0022149x00012827 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 67 (1) ◽

pp. 31-36 ◽

Cited By ~ 47

Author(s):

J. Grønvold ◽

J. Wolstrup ◽

M. Larsen ◽

S. A. Henriksen ◽

P. Nansen

Keyword(s):

Biological Control ◽

Present Experiment ◽

Alimentary Tract ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽

Not Given ◽

Duddingtonia Flagrans ◽

Arthrobotrys Oligospora ◽

Ostertagia Ostertagi ◽

Infective Larvae

AbstractThree nematode-trapping fungi, one Arthrobotrys oligospora and two Duddingtonia flagrans isolates, were fed to Ostertagia ostertagi-infected calves to test their ability to destroy larvae of this parasite in faeces and consequently to reduce the transmission of infective larvae to herbage. The fungi had previously been selected for their capability to pass the alimentary tract of cattle without losing growth and nematode-trapping potentials. Dung was collected from three calves each fed one of the three fungi and placed as 1-kg cow pats on a parasite-free grass plot together with control cow pats from a calf that was not given fungi. The cow pats contained comparable concentrations of parasite eggs. The two D. flagrans isolates were highly effective in that they reduced herbage larval infectivity by 74–85%. In contrast, A. oligospora did not show any effect in the present experiment. Field experiments will demonstrate if D. flagrans represents a potential organism for biological control of bovine gastrointestinal nematodes under practical agricultural management conditions.

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Predatory activity of nematophagus fungus Duddingtonia flagrans in infective larvae after gastrointestinal transit: biological control in pasture areas and in vitro

Journal of Helminthology ◽

10.1017/s0022149x21000195 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 95 ◽

Author(s):

Barbara Haline Buss Baiak ◽

Jennifer Mayara Gasparina ◽

Letícia Ianke ◽

Karolini Tenffen de Sousa ◽

Matheus Deniz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Biological Control ◽

Gastrointestinal Transit ◽

Treated Group ◽

Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽

Control Group ◽

Duddingtonia Flagrans ◽

Predatory Activity ◽

Infective Larvae ◽

Pasture Area

Abstract Biological control is a strategy to decrease parasitic populations, and the action takes place through natural antagonists in the environment. We studied the predatory activity of the fungus Duddingtonia flagrans in infective larvae (L3) of gastrointestinal nematodes after gastrointestinal transit. Ten heifers were divided into two groups: treated (animals received pellets containing fungus) and control (animals received pellets without fungus). Twelve hours after administration, faeces samples were collected for in vitro efficacy tests. The animals then remained for 7 h in the experimental pasture area. At the end of this period, 20 faecal pads (ten treated and ten control) were selected at random. Pasture, faecal pad and soil collections occurred with an interval of 7 days, totalling four assessments. In vitro activity demonstrated that fungi effectively preyed on L3, achieving a reduction percentage of 88%. In the faecal pad of the pasture area, there was a difference (P < 0.05) between collections 3 and 4 for both groups; in the treated group a reduction of 65% was obtained, while in the control group there was an increase of 217% in the number of L3. The recovery of L3 in the soil and in the pasture was similar in both groups. There was no influence (P = 0.87) of the passage time on the fungus predatory activity. Duddingtonia flagrans demonstrated the ability to survive gastrointestinal transit in the animals, reducing the number of L3 in the faeces, indicating that this biological control has great potential in the control of worm infections.

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The nematode-trapping efficacy of two chlamydospore-forming fungi against Haemonchus contortus in sheep

Journal of Helminthology ◽

10.1079/joh2005291 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 79 (4) ◽

pp. 315-319 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

J.B. Chauhan ◽

P.K. Sanyal ◽

R.B. Subramanian

Keyword(s):

Biological Control ◽

Haemonchus Contortus ◽

Antagonistic Effect ◽

Parasitic Nematodes ◽

Duddingtonia Flagrans ◽

Infective Larvae ◽

Third Stage ◽

Indian Isolates ◽

Set Up

AbstractAn in vitro study was carried out to determine efficacy of Indian isolates of the nematode-trapping fungi Arthrobotrys musiformis and Duddingtonia flagrans to capture infective larvae of Haemonchus contortus. These fungi have previously been screened and selected for their survival in the gastrointestinal tract of sheep without losing growth and nematode capturing potential. Following the feeding of chlamydospores of these two fungi alone or in combination in sheep experimentally infected with Haemonchus contortus, coprocultures were set up to enumerate the infective third stage larvae. The number of larvae captured from faeces of fungus-fed sheep was significantly higher compared with fungus-unfed controls irrespective of the fungus used. The fungal combination produced no antagonistic effect and thus can be used as efficiently as the fungi alone in the biological control of animal parasitic nematodes.

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The biological control of Ancylostoma spp. dog infective larvae by Duddingtonia flagrans in a soil microcosm

Veterinary Parasitology ◽

10.1016/j.vetpar.2010.06.027 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 173 (3-4) ◽

pp. 262-270 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

A.S. Maciel ◽

L.G. Freitas ◽

A.K. Campos ◽

E.A. Lopes ◽

J.V. Araújo

Keyword(s):

Biological Control ◽

Soil Microcosm ◽

Duddingtonia Flagrans ◽

Infective Larvae

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Lack of negative effects of the biological control agent Duddingtonia flagrans on soil nematodes and other nematophagous fungi

Journal of Helminthology ◽

10.1017/s0022149x1500098x ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 90 (6) ◽

pp. 706-711 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

C.A. Saumell ◽

A.S. Fernández ◽

F. Echevarria ◽

I. Gonçalves ◽

L. Iglesias ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Biological Control ◽

Environmental Effects ◽

Biological Control Agent ◽

Control Agent ◽

Nematophagous Fungi ◽

Soil Nematodes ◽

Duddingtonia Flagrans ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Post Deposition

AbstractThe possible environmental effects of the massive use of Duddingtonia flagrans for controlling sheep nematodes were evaluated in two regions. Non-supplemented faeces and faeces from sheep supplemented with D. flagrans were deposited three times on pasture plots and samples were collected 7 and 14 days post-deposition. Samples were cultured in agar-water (2%) with Panagrellus spp. to recover D. flagrans and other nematophagous fungi, and soil nematodes were extracted using Baermann funnels and counted. No significant differences in the populations of soil nematodes and fungi colonizing sheep faeces (P > 0.05) were observed between supplemented and non-supplemented groups, except in one sample. The topsoil in contact with the faeces was sampled 1–4 months post-deposition, revealing that, with one exception, D. flagrans did not persist in soil beyond 2 months post-deposition. Duddingtonia flagrans does not affect faecal colonization by other fungi and soil nematodes and, once deployed on pasture, does not survive for long periods in the environment.

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Biological control of horse cyathostomin (Nematoda: Cyathostominae) using the nematophagous fungus Duddingtonia flagrans in tropical southeastern Brazil

Veterinary Parasitology ◽

10.1016/j.vetpar.2009.05.003 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 163 (4) ◽

pp. 335-340 ◽

Cited By ~ 58

Author(s):

Fabio Ribeiro Braga ◽

Jackson Victor Araújo ◽

André Ricardo Silva ◽

Juliana Milani Araujo ◽

Rogério Oliva Carvalho ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Biological Control ◽

Nematophagous Fungus ◽

Southeastern Brazil ◽

Duddingtonia Flagrans

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Induction of traps by Ostertagia ostertagi larvae, chlamydospore production and growth rate in the nematode-trapping fungus Duddingtonia flagrans

Journal of Helminthology ◽

10.1017/s0022149x00015571 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 70 (4) ◽

pp. 291-297 ◽

Cited By ~ 46

Author(s):

J. Grønvold ◽

P. Nansen ◽

S.A. Henriksen ◽

M. Larsen ◽

J. Wolstrup ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Biological Control ◽

Growth Rate ◽

Domestic Animals ◽

Ageing Process ◽

Parasitic Nematodes ◽

Duddingtonia Flagrans ◽

Ostertagia Ostertagi ◽

Trap Formation ◽

Nematode Larvae

AbstractBiological control of parasitic nematodes of domestic animals can be achieved by feeding host animals chlamydospores of the nematode-trapping fungus Duddingtonia flagrans. In the host faeces, D. flagrans develop traps that may catch nematode larvae. In experiments on agar, D. flagrans had a growth rate between 15 and 60 mm/week at temperatures between 20 and 30°C. The presence of nematodes induces the fungus to produce traps. The rate of trap formation in D. flagrans has an optimum at 30°C, producing 700–800 traps/cm2/2 days, when induced by 20 nematodes/cm2 on agar. Approaching 10 and 35°C the ability to produce traps is gradually reduced. The response of chlamydospore production on agar to changes in temperature is the same as that for trap formation. On agar, at 10, 20 and 30°C D. flagrans loses its trap inducibility after 2–3 weeks. During the ageing process, increasing numbers of chlamydospores are produced up to a certain limit. The time for reaching maximum chlamydospore concentration coincided with the time for loss of induction potential. The implications of these results in relation to biological control in faeces are discussed.

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Implementation of Biological Control to the Integrated Control of Strongyle Infection among Wild Captive Equids in a Zoological Park

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2018/4267683 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

A. M. Palomero ◽

J. A. Hernández ◽

C. F. Cazapal-Monteiro ◽

Fabián Arroyo Balán ◽

M. I. Silva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Biological Control ◽

Side Effects ◽

Integrated Control ◽

Mucor Circinelloides ◽

Duddingtonia Flagrans ◽

Zoological Park

The integrated control of strongyles was assayed for a period of three years in wild equids (zebras, European donkeys, and African wild asses) captive in a zoo and infected by strongyles. During three years control of parasites consisted of deworming with ivermectin + praziquantel; equids also received every two days commercial nutritional pellets containing a blend of 104 - 105 spores of the fungi Mucor circinelloides + Duddingtonia flagrans per kg meal. Coprological analyses were done monthly to establish the counts of eggs of strongyles per gram of feces (EPG). The reductions in the fecal egg counts (FECR) and in the positive horses (PHR) were calculated fifteen days after deworming; the egg reappearance period (ERP) and the time elapsed from the previous deworming (TPD) were also recorded. Four anthelmintic treatments were administered during the assay, three times throughout the first 2 yrs, and another treatment during the last one. FECR values of 96-100% and 75-100% for the PHR were recorded. The ERP oscillated between eight and twenty-eight weeks, and the TPD ranged from four to eighteen months, increasing to the end of the trial. No side effects were observed in any of the equids. It is concluded that integrated control of strongyles among equids captive in a zoo can be developed by anthelmintic deworming together with the administration of pellets manufactured with spores of parasiticide fungi every two days.

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