scholarly journals The development of spicules in Heligmosomoides bakeri (Nematoda, Heligmosomidae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 95 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Musah-Eroje ◽  
L. Burton ◽  
J.M. Behnke
Keyword(s):  
Species Identification ◽  
Post Infection ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Spicule Length ◽  
Heligmosomoides Bakeri

Abstract The spicules of male parasitic nematodes are key morphological features, which vary between species in shape and length and are used often for species identification. However, little is known about spicules and particularly if/how their length varies during growth. We first assessed the degree of variation in spicule length of male Heligmosomoides bakeri 21 days post infection (PI), and then in two follow-up experiments measured spicule lengths at half daily/daily intervals between days 6 and 14 PI. Mean spicule length in 21-day worms was 0.518 mm with a range of 94 μm, and variation between the two spicules of individual worms from 2 to 32 μm. Spicules were first detectable on day 6–6.5, after which their lengths increased until day 7 PI (mean = 0.61 and 0.59). This was followed by significant contraction, initially relatively quickly over the following 48 h and then more slowly over a longer period, stabilizing by days 10–14, with only minor further reduction in length. We conclude that the length of spicules varies significantly over the first few days after they have formed, and, consequently, the age of worms is an important factor for consideration when spicule lengths are measured for experimental/diagnostic or taxonomical purposes.

scholarly journals Clinicopathological characteristics of ypT0N0 urothelial carcinoma following neoadjuvant chemotherapy and cystectomy

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (8) ◽  
pp. 550-553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin J Magers ◽  
Hristos Z Kaimakliotis ◽  
Marcelo P Barboza ◽  
Elhaam Bandali ◽  
Nabil Adra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Body ◽  
Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy ◽  
Urothelial Carcinoma ◽  
Giant Cell ◽  
Chronic Inflammation ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Foreign Body Giant Cell ◽  
Cell Reaction ◽  
Variant Histology

AimsTo describe a large tertiary care academic centre’s experience with patients who achieve a complete pathological response (ie, ypT0N0) following neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) and radical cystectomy (RC) with emphasis on morphological features present in the RC and clinical outcome.Methods41 patients with ypT0N0 disease following transurethral resection of bladder tumour (TURBT), NAC and RC with available clinical follow-up information were analysed. Slides from all RCs were reviewed to confirm pathological stage and assess for morphological parameters (eg, foreign body giant cell reaction, dystrophic calcification, scar and fat necrosis).ResultsWith median follow-up of 32.8 months, the recurrence-free survival at 1 and 5 years was 97.4% and 93.5%, while the overall survival at 3 and 5 years was 94.2% and 88.6%, respectively. No patients died of urothelial carcinoma. Stage assigned at TURBT was 1 pTa (2%), 1 pT1 (2%), 38 pT2 (93%) and 1 pT3a (2%). 17 TURBTs demonstrated variant histology, with the majority of these being squamous (65%). The most common morphological features present at RC were scar (100%), foreign body giant cell reaction (80%), chronic inflammation within lamina propria (68%) and dystrophic calcifications (39%). Other morphological features were less common or absent.ConclusionypT0N0 disease at RC portends an excellent prognosis, regardless of stage or variant histology in the TURBT; scar, foreign body giant cell reaction, chronic inflammation and dystrophic calcifications are often present.

scholarly journals Species Identification and Antifungal Susceptibility Patterns of Species Belonging to Aspergillus Section Nigri

2009 ◽  
Vol 53 (10) ◽  
pp. 4514-4517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Alcazar-Fuoli ◽  
Emilia Mellado ◽  
Ana Alastruey-Izquierdo ◽  
Manuel Cuenca-Estrella ◽  
Juan L. Rodriguez-Tudela
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Species Identification ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Correct Classification ◽  
Paradoxical Effect ◽  
Aspergillus Section Nigri ◽  
Susceptibility Patterns ◽  
Aspergillus Section

ABSTRACT A phylogenetic analysis was performed for 34 Aspergillus strains belonging to section Nigri. Molecular methods allowed for the correct classification into three different clades (A. niger, A. tubingensis, and A. foetidus). Correlation with in vitro itraconazole susceptibility distinguished the following three profiles: susceptible, resistant, and showing a paradoxical effect. A number of different species whose morphological features resemble those of A. niger showed unusual MICs to itraconazole that have never been described for the Aspergillus genus.

scholarly journals Minimally Invasive Lumbar Spinal Decompression in Elderly Patients with Magnetic Resonance Imaging Morphological Analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seungman Ha ◽  
Youngho Hong ◽  
Seungcheol Lee
Keyword(s):  
Minimally Invasive ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Spinal Stenosis ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Radiological Parameters ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Lumbar Spinal

<sec><title>Study Design</title><p>Case-control study.</p></sec><sec><title>Purpose</title><p>In this study, we aimed to investigate clinical outcomes and morphological features in elderly patients with lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) who were treated by minimally invasive surgery (MIS) unilateral laminectomy for bilateral decompression (ULBD) using a tubular retractor.</p></sec><sec><title>Overview of Literature</title><p>Numerous methods using imaging have been attempted to describe the severity of spinal stenosis. But the relationship between clinical symptoms and radiological features remains debatable.</p></sec><sec><title>Objective</title><p>In this study, we aimed to investigate clinical outcomes and morphological features in elderly patients with LSS who were treated by MIS-ULBD.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>We methodically assessed 85 consecutive patients aged &gt;65 years who were treated for LSS. The patients were retrospectively analyzed in two age groups: 66–75 years (group 1) and &gt;75 years (group 2). Clinical outcomes were assessed using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), and the modified MacNab criteria. Outcome parameters were compared between the groups at the 1-year follow-up. Core radiologic parameters for central and lateral stenosis were analyzed and clinical findings of the groups were compared.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>At the 1-year follow-up, patients in both groups 1 and 2 demonstrated significant improvement in their VAS and ODI scores. All clinical outcomes, except postoperative ODI, were not significantly difference between the groups. In addition, no significant difference was noted in the preoperative radiological parameters between the groups. There was no statistically significant correlation between radiological parameters and clinical symptoms or their outcomes. Moreover, no differences were noted in perioperative adverse events and in the need for repeat surgery at follow-ups between the groups.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>MIS-ULBD by tubular approach is a safe and effective treatment option for elderly patients with LSS. Clinical outcomes in patients with LSS and aged &gt;75 years were comparable with those in patients with LSS and aged 66–75 years. Moreover, we did not find any correlation between radiological parameters and clinical outcomes in either of the two patient groups.</p></sec>

Palmar Plate Interposition (Tupper) Arthroplasty for Post-Traumatic Metacarpophalangeal Osteoarthritis

1997 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. U. BOLIS ◽  
J. A. ONI ◽  
T. R. C. DAVIS
Keyword(s):  
Grip Strength ◽  
Post Infection ◽  
Metacarpophalangeal Joints ◽  
Palmar Plate ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Joint Flexion ◽  
The Mean

We report the results of five interposition palmar plate (Tupper) arthroplasties for post-traumatic or post-infection osteoarthritis of metacarpophalangeal joints. All were pain free at a median follow-up of 4 years. The mean arc of joint flexion was 55° and finger to thumb tip pinch was 60% of normal. All patients had reduced grip strength, but were satisfied with the procedure.

scholarly journals Особливості морфо-метричної будови Strongyloides papillosus (Wedl, 1856), виділених від овець

2018 ◽  
pp. 137-142
Author(s):  
В. В. Мельничук ◽  
С. С. Сорокова
Keyword(s):  
Species Identification ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Light Industry ◽  
Actual Direction ◽  
Species Characteristics ◽  
Seasonal Aspect

Наведено результати досліджень щодо видової ідентифікації нематод виду Strongyloides papillosus (Wedl, 1856), виділених від овець з урахуванням їх морфометричних характеристик. Встановлено диференційні морфологічні особливості будови паразитичних форм гельмінтів даного виду – партеногенечних самок, виділених з тонкої кишки тварин. Визначено метричні особливості за 24 показниками у будові тіла збудника стронгілоїдозу овець Strongyloides papillosus, що підвищать ефективність його видової ідентифікації. Проведено порівняльний аналіз отриманих морфометричних показників стронгілоїдесів із загальновідомим визначником. In modern conditions of farming, the sheep industry can be one of the pеrspective for recovery and its development from the point of view of increasing the effective using of land, the level of employment of the population, providing the national sector of processing and light industry with raw materials with medicinal properties. One of the reasons that reduces the efficiency of sheep breeding is helminthic diseases, including stronhyloidosis. As a result of this invasion, the young species lose in growth and weight, changes quality of wool, sometimes the death of animals occurs. Therefore, the determination of the features of the identification of this causative agent is an actual direction of scientific research. The purpose of the work was to study the features of the species identification of parthenogenetic females Strongyloides papillosus isolated from sheep. The task of the research was to explore the morphological features of the structure of the stronhyloid species of the S. papillosus species; to establish metric species characteristics of nematodes of S. papillosus species. The research was conducted during 2016–2018 in the laboratory of the Department of Parasitology and Veterinary and Sanitary Expertise at Poltava State Agrarian Academy. The collection of nematodes was carried out by the method of complete helminthic autopsy of organs of the digestive tract of dead or slaughtered sheep that came to hand from farms of Poltava, Kyiv and Zaporizhzhia regions. As a result of parasitological research of small intestines from slaughtered sheep, a stronhyloidosis agent of the species Strongyloides papillosus (Wedl, 1856) was identified, which is represented by a parthenogenetic parasitic female with specific morphological and metric characteristics. Differential morphological features of parasitic females S. papillosus are the structure of the anterior and tail end, vulva area, uterus, and the presence of interception in the area of the esophagus transition into the intestine. To increase the effectiveness of species identification of parthenogenetic females S. papillosus, 24 metric indicators are offered. Prospects for further research are the determination of the biological qualities of Strongyloides papillosus in the seasonal aspect.

scholarly journals The Effectiveness of Post-Vaccination and Post-Infection Protection in the Hospital Staff of Three Prague Hospitals: A Cohort Study of 8-Month Follow-Up from the Start of the COVID-19 Vaccination Campaign (COVANESS)

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Marek Petráš ◽  
Ivana Králová Lesná ◽  
Livia Večeřová ◽  
Elka Nyčová ◽  
Jana Malinová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Post Infection ◽  
Vaccination Campaign ◽  
Hospital Staff ◽  
Public Confidence ◽  
Continuous Assessment ◽  
Hospital Workers ◽  
Post Vaccination ◽  
Previous Infection

Continuous assessment of the effectiveness of approved COVID-19 vaccines is crucial to gain an insight into the longer-term impact on health outcomes, and eventually boosting public confidence. For this reason, we conducted a multicenter, retrospective cohort study using data on infection and vaccination rates among employees of three Prague hospitals in the period between 27 December 2020 and 31 August 2021. The post-vaccination and post-infection protectiveness were assessed in a total of 11,443 hospital workers who were followed up for more than 14 days either after their Comirnaty vaccination or study enrolment, depending on their previous SARS-CoV-2 infection. The effectiveness of full vaccination against any SARS-CoV-2 infection achieved 88.3% (83.2–91.8%) over the eight months of follow-up, a figure not much different from the 92.5% (76.5–97.6%) level of protection built by a previous infection. Despite this, the post-vaccination level of protection declined to about 65% between June and August. No case of breakthrough infection was registered among hospital workers having received one or two vaccine doses more than three months after previous infection. The eight-month effectiveness of the Comirnaty vaccine exhibited a declining trend requiring a new booster dose. The need for vaccination in the previously infected employees was not demonstrated conclusively in this study.

Bioluminescent fungus Roridomyces viridiluminus sp. nov. and the first Chinese record of the genus Roridomyces, from Southwestern China

Phytotaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 487 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-250
Author(s):  
LUCAS A.P. DAUNER ◽  
SAMANTHA C. KARUNARATHNA ◽  
SAOWALUCK TIBPROMMA ◽  
JIANCHU XU ◽  
PETER E. MORTIMER
Keyword(s):  
Species Identification ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Yunnan Province ◽  
Southwest China ◽  
Dead Wood ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Large Subunit ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Its Gene

A bioluminescent macrofungus found growing on dead wood in the mountains of Southwest China, Yunnan Province, Yulong Naxi Autonomous County, is analyzed and described. Phylogenetic analyses of the nuclear ribosomal large subunit (LSU) and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) gene regions place the fungus within the genus Roridomyces and confirm it to be a previously undescribed taxon. Morphological features support phylogenetic conclusions and include a glutinous stipe, a light yellowish-brown to beige or white pileus, and luminescent mycelium. Comprehensive descriptions, macro- and microscopic photographs, and phylogenetic trees are provided, as well as a table containing morphology and distribution of all Roridomyces taxa to aid in species identification and comparison. This is the first member of the genus Roridomyces to be identified in China.

Median Nerve and Carpal Tunnel Morphology Before and After Endoscopic Carpal Tunnel Release: A 6-Year Follow-up Study

Hand ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 155894472110588
Author(s):  
Louis C. Grandizio ◽  
Daniela F. Barreto Rocha ◽  
John D. Beck ◽  
Sean Hostmeyer ◽  
Matthew L. Chorney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Median Nerve ◽  
Carpal Tunnel ◽  
Carpal Tunnel Release ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Symptom Resolution ◽  
Tunnel Morphology

Background: Our purpose was to describe structural and morphological features of the median nerve and carpal tunnel on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies obtained before, immediately after, 6 weeks after, and 6 years after endoscopic carpal tunnel release (ECTR). Methods: In this prospective cohort study, 9 patients with a diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) underwent ECTR. Standardized MRI studies were obtained before ECTR, immediately after ECTR, and 6 weeks and 6 years after surgery. Structural and morphological features of the median nerve and carpal tunnel were measured and assessed for each study with comparisons made between each time point. Results: All 9 patients had complete symptom resolution postoperatively. On the immediate postoperative MRI, there was a discrete gap in the transverse carpal ligament in all patients. There was retinacular regrowth noted at 6 weeks in all cases. The median nerve cross-sectional area and the anterior-posterior dimension of the carpal tunnel at the level of the hamate increased immediately after surgery and these changes were maintained at 6 years. Conclusions: We defined structural and morphological changes on MRI for the median nerve and carpal tunnel in patients with continued symptom resolution 6 years after ECTR. Changes in median nerve and carpal tunnel morphology that occur immediately after surgery remain unchanged at mid-term follow-up in asymptomatic patients. Established imaging criteria for CTS may not apply to postoperative patients. Magnetic resonance imaging appears to be of limited clinical utility in the workup of persistent or recurrent CTS.

scholarly journals A47 ENTERIC TUFT CELL HYPERPLASIA FOLLOWING INFECTION WITH THE TAPEWORM HYMENOLEPIS DIMINUTA IS AFFECTED BY NEURONAL BUT NOT BACTERIAL FACTORS

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 55-56
Author(s):  
S Rajeev ◽  
M Defaye ◽  
A J Shute ◽  
A Wang ◽  
S J Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Post Infection ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Hymenolepis Diminuta ◽  
Sensory Nerves ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Cell Hyperplasia ◽  
Germ Free ◽  
Tuft Cell ◽  
Rag 1

Abstract Background Tuft cells are a rare chemosensory population of the intestinal epithelium that detect intestinal parasitic nematodes and release IL-25 to mobilize innate lymphoid type 2 cells (ILC2), which then drive a Th2- dominant nematode expulsion response. Immunocompetent mice develop tuft cell hyperplasia in the small intestine during infection with Hymenolepis diminuta, a non-abrasive lumen dwelling small intestinal cestode parasite. Helminth infections are accompanied by alterations in sensory motor functions of the gut as well as the composition of the microbiota. It is poorly understood if tuft cell hyperplasia is regulated by these immunomodulatory influences. Aims To test if mice lacking (1) a functional adaptive immune system, (2) TRPV1+ gut-innervating sensory nerves and (3) a microbiome, display enteric tuft cell hyperplasia following infection with H. diminuta. Methods RAG-1-/- (male and female) and germ-free mice (n=3–6) were infected with 5 cysticercoids of H. diminuta and age matched non-infected mice served as control groups. Male C57BL/6j mice were treated with resiniferatoxin (RTX) to ablate TRPV1 +sensory neurons before infection. Mid-jejunum cryostat or paraffin embedded sections immunostained against doublecortin-like kinase -1 (DCLK-1) were blindly scored for tuft cell enumeration at 5–14 days post-infection. Results Tuft cell hyperplasia (~10-15-fold increase) was observed in the jejunum of wild-type mice at 11 days post infection with H. diminuta, by which time worms are expelled. Infected RAG-1-/- mice develop tuft cell hyperplasia of lesser magnitude than wild-type mice. Germ-free mice displayed tuft cell hyperplasia and kinetics of worm expulsion that were not different from wild-type mice. RTX-treated mice with confirmed loss of TRPV1+ nerve fibers in the gut and their cell soma in the dorsal root and nodose ganglia, had a greater increase (~2-fold) in tuft cell numbers compared to H. diminuta-only mice at 11 days post-infection. Conclusions Knowledge of how the host senses helminths in the gut lumen is central to the host-parasite interaction. Using the H. diminuta-mouse model system we find that tuft cell hyperplasia is largely, but not entirely dependent on adaptive immunity, occurs independent of the gut microbiota, and, intriguingly, TRPV1+ sensory nerves appear to act as a brake on the system, limiting the magnitude of the hyperplasia. Funding Agencies CIHRNSERC, Henry Koopman’s Memorial scholarship

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