TAXOCENOSIS FLEAS OF THE MAIN CARRIERS OF THE PLAGUE ON THE TERRITORY OF PRE-CASPIAN SANDY PLAGUE FOCUS

Taxocenoses of fleas of the main carriers of the plague pathogen in the Caspian sand (43) natural plague center for the period 1990 – 2015 are described. Differences between the taxocenoses of the midday and crested (tamarisk) gerbils are considered. Dominant in taxocenoses is Nosopsyllus laeviceps (dominance index 97 - 99%). There were no significant differences in the composition of taxocenoses in the seasonal aspect. The taxocenoses of fleas of the small gerbils considered by us have a higher degree of similarity in qualitative characteristics than in quantitative ones. Dominant in the taxocenoses of small gerbils, N. laeviceps is an active vector of the plague pathogen, this can lead to epizootic and epidemic complications in this area.

HYDROCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS P. STRYI AND SOME OF ITS TRIBUTARIES IN THE SUMMER-AUTUMN PERIOD OF OBSERVATIONS

The paper presents the results of researches of the modern ecological state South Bug and Aleksandrovskogo of storage pool the affected of the South Ukrainian power complex zone on hydrochemical indexes (main ions, mineralization of water, biogenic matters), which are the indicators of the ecological state of natural reservoirs. Research of the hydrochemical mode South Bug and Aleksandrovskogo of storage pool within the limits of the South Ukrainian power complex conducted during 2019. An analysis of the got data is as compared to those, which took place more early, rotined that the water masses South Bug tested substantial changes (on the indexes of the chemical state). The conducted researches rotined that chemical composition of water S.Bug and Aleksandrovskogo of storage pool had been characterized sufficiently by the high values of mineralization of water, maintenance of main ions, especially sulfate and to general inflexibility.The features of spatio-temporal changeability of the main hydrochemical indicators of quality of water environment are set. Tendency of gradual increase of maintenance of main ions and of mineralization of water is traced on the longitudinal type of the river. The gradual diminishing from the winter to the summer and increase of mineralization of water and main ions an autumn is traced in a seasonal aspect. It is known that the important index of the sanitary-hygenic state of natural reservoirs is content of biogenic matters. Worsening of the ecological state South Bug and Aleksandrovskogo of storage pool is set on maintenance biogenic matters. Modern researches rotined that and here took place changes are certain, namely: on an area in the district of South Ukrainian power complex zone something the concentrations of nitrate and ammoniacal forms of mineral nitrogen and phosphatic ions grew, that testifies to the decline of selfcleansing ability of the river and is the index of process second contaminations of the river.

Modern comprehensive ideas about characteristics of the physiological state of stallions and improving the technology of their preparation for mating

The paper presents the results of studies of the physiological state of stallions and their reproductive function in respect of the season, and according to blood samples the mechanisms of their physiological processes are adjusted using the ultrafine metal-polymer composition “iron-copper-zinc”. According to such biochemical blood parameters of stallions as total protein and its fractions: lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and α-amylase, significant differences in the seasonal aspect were revealed. A number of features of blood morphology in connection with the season were noted. These were an increase in the concentration of erythrocytes, leucocytes, hemoglobin, eosinophils and lymphocytes in spring. An increase in the concentration of testosterone, the main populations of lymphocytes and subpopulations of T cells in the blood of stallions in the spring-summer period was established. The positive effect of the composition of nanosized metals on metabolic and enzymatic processes was revealed.

Analiza spaţio-temporară a duratei de strălucire a soarelui

In temporal aspect, the duration of sunshine shows a general upward trend. In seasonal aspect, spring season demonstrates an increase of about +0.2 hours, summer - about 0.1 hours, in autumn there is a trend of decreasing, according to the trend line, and the oscillation is equal to zero hours. Also we observe the increase in the number of hours in the spatial aspect. For Briceni meteorological station, the annual amount of sunshine duration varies within the limits of 1544 hours (1980) and 2326 hours (2015). The oscillation limits at the Cahul meteorological station are 1880 hours (1976) and 2604 hours (1963). At the Chisinau meteorological station, there's general increasing trend for the number of hours during which the sunshine duration is maintained, and it exhibits oscillations within 1783 hours (1989) and 2498 hours (1963). In the spatial aspect for winter, this increase +1 hour in Cahul, +0.38 hours in Briceni, and + 0.4 hours / season in Chisinau. In spring, the highest value of +2.2 hours is observed at Briceni and the lowest in Chisinau +1.9 hours / season. At Cahul meteorological station the increase was +1.4 hours. The increase in summer is +1.7 hours in Briceni and Chisinau, and only +0.9 hours in Cahul. Autumn trend line is a downward trend with a -0.3 hours decrease registered at Briceni and Chisinau meteorological stations (minimum values), and -0.6 hours in Cahul, maximum value.

ALBANIA AND STRATEGIC REFORMS IN ECONOMY AND DECENTRALIZATION OF LOCAL AUTONOMY

The main issues handled out in this presentation are: strengthening local government leadership and initiative; partnership between municipalities and NGOs; concluding all of these in the community-based approaches to infrastructure services and neighborhood revitalization. Almost everywhere problems of water scarcity can be considerably mitigated through metering, leakage detection and reduction, network improvements, disconnection of illegal connections, and optimization of storage and supply patterns. The distribution problem in Albania also has a seasonal aspect: much more water is needed during the summer growing season; when rainfall is scarce, rural drinking water is often misused for irrigation; and the tourist resort areas use large amounts of water. Albania is open to foreign investment and increasing FDI is a top priority for the Albanian government. Albania has put in place a liberal foreign investment regime, including a 10 percent flat corporate and income tax and has taken measures to improve the business climate by streamlining business procedures through e-government reforms. These improvements along with NATO membership and progress toward EU integration have contributed to the increase in investors’ interest during the last couple of years. Promising sectors for foreign investors and include: energy (including alternative energies), telecommunications and tourism. The country’s geographic position places it at the crossroads of Western and Eastern Europe. A stable U.S. ally, Albania is a member of NATO, the WTO and is in the process of applying for candidate status in the European Union.

FEATURES OF BEHAVIOR OF ORDINARY SPRAT (BY RESULTS OF HYDROACOUSTIC RESEARCHES)

Caspian sprats are reserve target species. The study of species identification of Caspian sprats was carried out on board a research ship “Researcher of the Caspian Sea” using EK-60 hydroacoustic complex having stationary antennas with a split beam of 38 and 120 kHz. The behavior and distribution of ordinary sprats in the western part of the Caspian Sea (Middle part of the Caspian Sea off the coast of Dagestan) was investigated. Echo recordings of hydroacoustic surveys made in 2011-2017 covering the water area with depths from 20 to 300 meters were considered. A database with hydroacoustic research files was created, containing the parameters of the surveys and the graphic display of the echograms. Taking into account the negative reaction of ordinary sprat to light, both day and night recordings were considered. Characteristic echoes of ordinary sprat are described in the seasonal aspect. These studies, describing the nature of the behavior of ordinary sprats, are important for the organization of fishing in the western part of the Caspian Sea. It has been stated that density of sprat shoals during spring-summer period is not high, fishing by bottom trawl is efficient only at the end of August. The most promising sprat accumulations can be found in early spring (March) and in October and November, when sprat is caught in the industrial scale. The study results describing special behavior of ordinary sprats can be used in organizing sprat fishing in the Western part of the Caspian Sea.

Особливості морфо-метричної будови Strongyloides papillosus (Wedl, 1856), виділених від овець

Наведено результати досліджень щодо видової ідентифікації нематод виду Strongyloides papillosus (Wedl, 1856), виділених від овець з урахуванням їх морфометричних характеристик. Встановлено диференційні морфологічні особливості будови паразитичних форм гельмінтів даного виду – партеногенечних самок, виділених з тонкої кишки тварин. Визначено метричні особливості за 24 показниками у будові тіла збудника стронгілоїдозу овець Strongyloides papillosus, що підвищать ефективність його видової ідентифікації. Проведено порівняльний аналіз отриманих морфометричних показників стронгілоїдесів із загальновідомим визначником. In modern conditions of farming, the sheep industry can be one of the pеrspective for recovery and its development from the point of view of increasing the effective using of land, the level of employment of the population, providing the national sector of processing and light industry with raw materials with medicinal properties. One of the reasons that reduces the efficiency of sheep breeding is helminthic diseases, including stronhyloidosis. As a result of this invasion, the young species lose in growth and weight, changes quality of wool, sometimes the death of animals occurs. Therefore, the determination of the features of the identification of this causative agent is an actual direction of scientific research. The purpose of the work was to study the features of the species identification of parthenogenetic females Strongyloides papillosus isolated from sheep. The task of the research was to explore the morphological features of the structure of the stronhyloid species of the S. papillosus species; to establish metric species characteristics of nematodes of S. papillosus species. The research was conducted during 2016–2018 in the laboratory of the Department of Parasitology and Veterinary and Sanitary Expertise at Poltava State Agrarian Academy. The collection of nematodes was carried out by the method of complete helminthic autopsy of organs of the digestive tract of dead or slaughtered sheep that came to hand from farms of Poltava, Kyiv and Zaporizhzhia regions. As a result of parasitological research of small intestines from slaughtered sheep, a stronhyloidosis agent of the species Strongyloides papillosus (Wedl, 1856) was identified, which is represented by a parthenogenetic parasitic female with specific morphological and metric characteristics. Differential morphological features of parasitic females S. papillosus are the structure of the anterior and tail end, vulva area, uterus, and the presence of interception in the area of the esophagus transition into the intestine. To increase the effectiveness of species identification of parthenogenetic females S. papillosus, 24 metric indicators are offered. Prospects for further research are the determination of the biological qualities of Strongyloides papillosus in the seasonal aspect.

PECULIARITIES OF BLOOD FATTY ACID COMPOSITION OF FISHES DEPENDING ON SEASONAL CHANGES

Fats play a critical role in energy metabolism of fish. The bulk of the fatty acids of fish lipids are saturated with fatty acids and highly unsaturated acids with a predominance of 18 carbon atoms of mostly oleic acid, linoleic acid and their isomers. During oxidation they liberate two times more energy and, being a source of essential fatty acids, account for the complex basis of cell membranes. Efficiency of tissue permeability and its adaptation to different temperatures depend on lipids. The composition and ratio of fatty acids depend on a number of factors, including biological characteristics of the organism (age, species) and external environment influence (time of the year, temperature, water salinity). Fluctuations of fat content in one and the same individual during the year can be considerable and these fluctuations are repeated regularly. In addition, fats are related to the fish intake of fat-soluble physiologically active substances. The article presents the results of fatty acid composition of fish blood, depending on body mass and seasonal changes. Change levels of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids are shown in the seasonal aspect. Blood fatty-acid composition of carps in the lakes of the Republic of Mordovia is represented mostly by omega-3, -6, -9 fatty acids. It has been stated that if the number of fatty acid radicals increase or decrease, an organism adopts to the temperature changes, which helps to survive within the areal.

Heterogeneous transfer functions multi-layer perceptron (MLP) for meteorological time series forecasting

In this paper, we propose to study four meteorological and seasonal time series (TS) coupled with a multi-layer perceptron (MLP) modeling. We chose to combine two transfer functions for the nodes of the hidden layer, and to use a temporal indicator (time index as input) in order to take into account the seasonal aspect of the studied TS. The results of the prediction concern two years of measurements and the learning step, eight independent years. We show that this methodology can improve the accuracy of meteorological data estimation compared to a classical MLP modeling with a homogenous transfer function.