scholarly journals Suggestions for a New Criterion of a Positive Wassermann Reaction based on an Analysis of 2334 Quantitative Tests

1920 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. H. Browning ◽  
E. L. Kennaway
Keyword(s):  
Positive Reaction ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Simple Criterion ◽  
Control Serum ◽  
Complete Lysis ◽  
Wassermann Reaction ◽  
New Criterion ◽  
Negative Control Serum ◽  
Selection Of

Examination of the records of a large number of quantitative Wassermann tests has suggested a new and simple criterion of a positive reaction. This is based upon a comparison of the amounts of complement giving complete lysis with any given serum, and with the negative control, respectively. Reasons are given for regarding this criterion as more satisfactory than that in common use. Details are given of the methods employed for the selection of a negative control serum, the estimation of degrees of lysis, and the provision of a suitable range of amounts of complement.

scholarly journals Dark Immunofluorescence: Correlation with Serum Immunoglobulin Abnormalities

2006 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 1294-1295
Author(s):  
J. List ◽  
M. S. Buckland ◽  
B. Thobhani ◽  
C. J. Sheed ◽  
J. C. Mann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indirect Immunofluorescence ◽  
Retrospective Review ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Serum Immunoglobulin ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Serum Immunoglobulins ◽  
Control Serum ◽  
Negative Control Serum

ABSTRACT Occasional serum samples (<0.5%) tested by indirect immunofluorescence showed less fluorescence than did negative-control serum. A retrospective review of these patients' serum immunoglobulins revealed a high percentage of abnormalities (71%, versus 22% of controls). We suggest that this observation should be reported when seen and that the clinician should be alerted to an association with immunoglobulin abnormalities.

scholarly journals Detection of Botulinum Type E Toxin in Channel Catfish with Visceral Toxicosis Syndrome Using Catfish Bioassay and Endopep Mass Spectrometry

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 349-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia S. Gaunt ◽  
Suzanne R. Kalb ◽  
John R. Barr
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Ictalurus Punctatus ◽  
Magnetic Beads ◽  
Neutralization Assay ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Serum ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Negative Control Serum ◽  
Exact Quantification ◽  
Positive Controls

Visceral toxicosis of catfish (VTC) is a syndrome characterized by sudden mortality in apparently healthy market- and brooder-sized catfish ( Ictalurus punctatus). This paper reports the design of a catfish neutralization assay to detect botulinum in catfish with VTC and verification by Endopep mass spectrometry (Endopep-MS). Sera from 6 affected catfish were incubated with botulinum antitoxin serotypes A, B, C, D, E, or F. For each serum sample, 3 experimental fingerlings were injected intracoelomically with each serotype-serum mixture and placed separately in an aquarium. Three fish were injected with VTC-affected serum only, and 3 fish were injected with unaffected serum only and also placed in separate aquaria. Signs of morbidity and mortality were seen in fish injected with sera combined with serotype A, B, C, or D, as well as in positive controls. No morbidity or mortality was seen in fish injected with sera combined with antitoxin serotypes E or F or negative control serum. Sera from affected and unaffected catfish were sent to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for detection and differentiation of botulinum neurotoxin. Aliquots of 0.5 ml of sera were incubated with magnetic beads coated with antibodies to botulinum, and the beads were subjected to the Endopep-MS reaction. Sera from affected catfish tested positive for botulinum E. Sera from 34 unaffected catfish tested negative for botulinum. Although there was not enough botulinum present in affected samples to obtain exact quantification, the estimated quantity of botulinum E in these sera samples was between 0.01 and 0.5 mouse LD50/ml.

scholarly journals Hypoglycaemic Property of Nutraceuticals

1970 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-107
Author(s):  
Mohammad Emdadul Haque ◽  
Quazi Safayetullah ◽  
Monira Ahsan ◽  
Sheikh Nazrul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Level ◽  
Day Treatment ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Serum Glucose Level ◽  
Diabetic Rat ◽  
Black Cumin ◽  
Control Serum

Hypoglycemic property of four nutraceuticals named - black cumin, garlic, methi and karela has been investigated on an alloxan induced diabetic rat model. Glibenclamide was used as positive control and normal saline was used as negative control. Serum glucose levels of normal and diabetic induced rats were estimated by Glucose Oxidase method using a kit, and it were 4.33 ± 0.43 mmol/L and 8.27 ± 0.45mmol/L respectively. The alloxan induced diabetic rats were grouped into six, which were then treated with the four nutraceuticals and two controls. Treatment was given orally everyday for 28 days. Serum glucose level was analysed every 7 day intervals. It was observed that lowering of glucose level was significant (P = 0.01) for every 7 day treatment period. All of the nutraceuticals reduced the serum glucose level nearly to the normal value within 28 days. The rate of lowering of the glucose level was found to vary with the nutraceuticals. Garlic was found to be most active like the glibenclamide. The next active one was black cumin followed by methi and karela. The study conclude that nutraceuticals possess significant hypoglycemic property. Key words: Hypoglycaemia; Nutraceuticals; Black cumin; Garlic; Methi; Karela. Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 6(2): 105-107, 2007 (December)

Simple criterion for selection of flavonoid compounds with anti-HIV activity

2007 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 1226-1232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veljko Veljkovic ◽  
Jean-François Mouscadet ◽  
Nevena Veljkovic ◽  
Sanja Glisic ◽  
Zeger Debyser
Keyword(s):  
Simple Criterion ◽  
Flavonoid Compounds ◽  
Anti Hiv ◽  
Selection Of

The use of a high-speed digital computer for the direct determination of crystal structures. II

1957 ◽  
Vol 243 (1233) ◽  
pp. 281-288 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Electronic Computer ◽  
Direct Determination ◽  
Preceding Paper ◽  
Contour Maps ◽  
Unknown Structure ◽  
New Criterion ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Selection Of

This paper discusses some possible procedures for crystal structure determination using the X criterion developed in the preceding paper of the series. In that paper it was shown that, under favourable circumstances, the signs of the largest terms in the Fourier series representa­tion of ρ , the electron density in the unit cell, can be determined directly. The magnitudes of these terms can be found by experiment. In less favourable cases the correct set of signs, to a high degree of probability, lies among several hundred possible sets which can be determined by the processes described. A new criterion is proposed for selection of a lesser number, say a dozen, ‘most probable’ sets of signs. These latter sets can be tested by inspection of the corre­sponding contour maps of ρ . The new criterion has been successfully used in determining the unknown structure of nitroguanidine. Techniques for the selection of most probable sets and also for evaluation of ρ at suitable points in space using an electronic computer, the EDSAC, are described.

scholarly journals Comparison of three protocols for measuring the maximal respiratory pressures

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabela Maria B. Sclauser Pessoa ◽  
Cristina Martins Coelho ◽  
Liliane Patrícia de Souza Mendes ◽  
Dayane Montemezzo ◽  
Danielle Aparecida Gomes Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Interquartile Range ◽  
Friedman Test ◽  
European Respiratory Society ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Study Materials ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
New Criterion ◽  
Maximal Capacity ◽  
Selection Of

Introduction To avoid the selection of submaximal efforts during the assessment of maximal inspiratory and expiratory pressures (MIP and MEP), some reproducibility criteria have been suggested. Criteria that stand out are those proposed by the American Thoracic Society (ATS) and European Respiratory Society (ERS) and by the Brazilian Thoracic Association (BTA). However, no studies were found that compared these criteria or assessed the combination of both protocols. Objectives To assess the pressure values selected and the number of maneuvers required to achieve maximum performance using the reproducibility criteria proposed by the ATS/ERS, the BTA and the present study. Materials and method 113 healthy subjects (43.04 ± 16.94 years) from both genders were assessed according to the criteria proposed by the ATS/ERS, BTA and the present study. Descriptive statistics were used for analysis, followed by ANOVA for repeated measures and post hoc LSD or by Friedman test and post hoc Wilcoxon, according to the data distribution. Results The criterion proposed by the present study resulted in a significantly higher number of maneuvers (MIP and MEP – median and 25%-75% interquartile range: 5[5-6], 4[3-5] and 3[3-4] for the present study criterion, BTA and ATS/ERS, respectively; p < 0.01) and higher pressure values (MIP – mean and 95% confidence interval: 103[91.43-103.72], 100[97.19-108.83] and 97.6[94.06-105.95]; MEP: median and 25%-75% interquartile range: 124.2[101.4-165.9], 123.3[95.4-153.8] and 118.4[95.5-152.7]; p < 0.05). Conclusion The proposed criterion resulted in the selection of pressure values closer to the individual’s maximal capacity. This new criterion should be considered in future studies concerning MIP and MEP measurements.

scholarly journals Multiplex Screening of Surface Proteins from Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides Small Colony for an Antigen Cocktail Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay

2009 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. 1665-1674 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maja Neiman ◽  
Carl Hamsten ◽  
Jochen M. Schwenk ◽  
Göran Bölske ◽  
Anja Persson
Keyword(s):  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Surface Proteins ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia ◽  
Mycoplasma Mycoides ◽  
Small Colony ◽  
Suspension Bead Array ◽  
Selection Of

ABSTRACT A recombinant antigen cocktail enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for diagnosis of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) was developed after careful selection of antigens among one-third of the surface proteome proteins of the infectious agent Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides small colony (M. mycoides SC). First, a miniaturized and parallelized assay system employing antigen suspension bead array technology was used to screen 97 bovine sera for humoral immune responses toward 61 recombinant surface proteins from M. mycoides SC. Statistical analysis of the data resulted in selection of eight proteins that showed strong serologic responses in CBPP-affected sera and minimal reactivity in negative control sera, with P values of <10−6. Only minor cross-reactivity to hyperimmune sera against other mycoplasmas was observed. When applied in an ELISA, the cocktail of eight recombinant antigens allowed a fivefold signal separation between 24 CBPP-affected and 23 CBPP-free sera from different geographical origins. No false-positive results and only two false-negative results were obtained. In conclusion, the selected recombinant mycoplasma antigens qualified as highly specific markers for CBPP and could be employed in both a suspension bead array platform and a cocktail ELISA setting. This set of proteins and technologies therefore offers a powerful combination to drive and further improve serological assays toward reliable, simple, and cost-effective diagnosis of CBPP.

scholarly journals STUDIES IN THE SEROLOGY OF SYPHILIS

1931 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 615-623 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry Eagle
Keyword(s):  
Positive Reaction ◽  
Serum Protein ◽  
Complement Fixation ◽  
High Threshold ◽  
Protective Film ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Prolonged Incubation ◽  
Serum Inhibition ◽  
Lower Temperature ◽  
Wassermann Reaction

Serum, in concentrations greater than 1:25, causes a marked inhibition of complement fixation in general and of the Wassermann reaction in particular. The serum protein is probably adsorbed by the colloidally dispersed lipoid-reagin complexes, forming a protective film which prevents the fixation (adsorption) of complement. This inhibition explains the zone phenomenon in complement fixation: a weakly positive serum may give a completely positive reaction in e.g., 1:5 dilution, and yet, because of this serum inhibition, may appear completely negative when tested as whole serum. The greater sensitivity of the ice box test is due (1) to the fact that the serum inhibition just described is less marked at lower temperature; (2) to the prolonged incubation time, making for greater specific fixation; (3) to a more marked non-specific destruction of complement by antigen; and (4) a spontaneous deterioration in the longer ice box test. Because of the inhibition by serum protein in high concentration, a quantitative Wassermann technique involving the use of graded quantities of serum is worthless when carried out at 37°C. Even the ice box test, which is less susceptible to this inhibiting effect, will yield a positive reaction with whole serum only when the circulating reagin exceeds a surprisingly high threshold (six to ten times the quantity which could be detected in dilute serum). It is well known that a negative Wassermann, even by a very sensitive test, does not exclude syphilis: it now appears that a negative Wassermann does not exclude circulating reagin.

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