scholarly journals Seroepidemiology of rubella infection in Chinese and Caucasians in Hong Kong

1979 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 397-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. F. Shortridge ◽  
I. F. Osmund
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Ethnic Differences ◽  
Haemagglutination Inhibition ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
High Titre ◽  
Maternal Infection ◽  
Rubella Infection ◽  
Child Bearing ◽  
Low Incidence ◽  
High Titre Antibody

The seroepidemiology of rubella infection in Hong Kong Chinese was examined by haemagglutination inhibition of normal sera and a comparison made where feasible with Caucasians living in Hong Kong. Taking reciprocal titre of 20 as a baseline, the incidence of maternally acquired antibody was 84% for Chinese and 90% for Caucasians. In babies up to 2 months this incidence was maintained in Caucasians but declined to 54% in Chinese. High titre antibody was more frequently detected in Caucasians generally, including women of child-bearing age. The detection of rubella-specific IgM in the Caucasian babies was suggestive of recent maternal infection. However, fewer Caucasian (20%) than Chinese (36%) women of child-bearing age (15–40 years) appeared unprotected against rubella. When all age groups were considered, 88% of Caucasians and 53% of Chinese were seropositive. The occurrence of a rubella outbreak during the study did not give rise to a significant increase in the incidence of seropositivity in Chinese 19–25 years, the only age group able to be evaluated in this manner. The ethnic differences in seroepidemiology are considered in the light of known HLA-1 and HLA-8 antigen distributions in Caucasian and Mongoloid people and the apparently low incidence of congenitally acquired rubella in Chinese.

scholarly journals Determinants of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D in Hong Kong

2015 ◽  
Vol 114 (1) ◽  
pp. 144-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cuiling Xu ◽  
Ranawaka A. P. M. Perera ◽  
Yap-Hang Chan ◽  
Vicky J. Fang ◽  
Sophia Ng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Dietary Vitamin ◽  
Skeletal Health ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
25 Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
The Mean

Vitamin D plays an important role in skeletal health throughout life. Some studies have hypothesised that vitamin D may reduce the risk of other diseases. Our study aimed to estimate age-specific and sex-specific serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) status and to identify the determinants of serum 25(OH)D status in Hong Kong, a subtropical city in southern China. In 2009–2010, households in Hong Kong were followed up to identify acute respiratory illnesses, and sera from 2694 subjects were collected in three to four different study phases to permit measurement of 25(OH)D levels at different times of the year. A questionnaire survey on diet and lifestyle was conducted among children, with simultaneous serum collection in April and May 2010. The mean of serum 25(OH)D levels in age groups ranged from 39 to 63 nmol/l throughout the year with the mean values in all age groups in spring below 50 nmol/l. Children aged 6–17 years, and girls and women had significantly lower serum 25(OH)D levels than adults, and boys and men, respectively (allP< 0·001). We estimated that serum 25(OH)D levels in Hong Kong followed a lagged pattern relative to climatic season by 5 weeks with lowest observed levels in early spring (March). For children aged 6–17 years, reporting a suntan, having at least 1 servings of fish/week and having at least 1 serving of eggs/week were independently associated with higher serum 25(OH)D levels. Adequate sunlight exposure and increased intake of dietary vitamin D could improve vitamin D status, especially for children and females in the winter and spring.

The Effect of Influenza Vaccination History on Changes in Hemagglutination Inhibition Titers After Receipt of the 2015–2016 Influenza Vaccine in Older Adults in Hong Kong

2019 ◽  
Vol 221 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiffany W Y Ng ◽  
Ranawaka A P M Perera ◽  
Vicky J Fang ◽  
Emily M Yau ◽  
J S Malik Peiris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
Influenza Vaccine ◽  
Influenza Vaccination ◽  
Hemagglutination Inhibition ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Vaccination History ◽  
Antibody Titers

Abstract Background Immune responses to influenza vaccination can be weaker in older adults than in other age groups. We hypothesized that antibody responses would be particularly weak among repeat vaccinees when the current and prior season vaccine components are the same. Methods An observational study was conducted among 827 older adults (aged ≥75 years) in Hong Kong. Serum samples were collected immediately before and 1 month after receipt of the 2015–2016 quadrivalent inactivated influenza vaccine. We measured antibody titers with the hemagglutination inhibition assay and compared the mean fold rise from prevaccination to postvaccination titers and the proportions with postvaccination titers ≥40 or ≥160. Results Participants who reported receipt of vaccination during either of the previous 2 years had a lower mean fold rise against all strains than with those who did not. Mean fold rises for A(H3N2) and B/Yamagata were particularly weak after repeated vaccination with the same vaccine strain, but we did not generally find significant differences in the proportions of participants with postvaccination titers ≥40 and ≥160. Conclusions Overall, we found that reduced antibody responses in repeat vaccinees were particularly reduced among older adults who had received vaccination against the same strains in preceding years.

Screening Plasma Donors for High-Titre Antibody to Cytomegalovirus Using a Latex Agglutination Test

Vox Sanguinis ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-85
Author(s):  
C. McDonald ◽  
J.A.J. Barbara ◽  
A. Al-Izzi ◽  
M. Contreras
Keyword(s):  
Latex Agglutination ◽  
High Titre ◽  
Agglutination Test ◽  
Latex Agglutination Test ◽  
High Titre Antibody ◽  
Titre Antibody

scholarly journals Haemagglutination-inhibiting (HI) antibodies against four prototype strains of influenza A virus in different age groups

1979 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. Terzin ◽  
S. Djurišić ◽  
B. Vuković ◽  
V. Vujkov
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
New Jersey ◽  
Antibody Response ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Other ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Lower Antibody Response

SUMMARYSera of 197 apparently well persons were tested for residual haemagglutination-inhibiting antibodies against live Hong Kong/68, A/FM/47 and A/PR/34 strains. Sera of 62 well persons, regularly exposed to contacts with swine, were tested against an inactivated A/New Jersey/76 antigen.Those born some time before and during a certain influenza era showed a significantly greater proportion of homologous residual titres against the subtype prevailing in that influenza era, than those born after the termination of the same era.In each of the seven age groups tested both the percentage of positives and the geometric mean titres were usually highest against the Hong Kong strain (representing the most recent era); the next highest were those against the FM1 strain and the lowest were those against the PR8 strain (representing the most distant of these three influenza eras).The serological involvement of donors exposed to regular contacts with swine was relatively stronger against the New Jersey antigen than the response of other serum donors shown against the other three, more recent, prototypes of influenza virus A. The oldest age groups showed significantly lower antibody response against the PR8, FM1 and Hong Kong strains (but not against the New Jersey antigen) than the next one or two of the younger age groups.

Estimating the total exposure to air pollutants for different population age groups in Hong Kong

2002 ◽  
Vol 27 (8) ◽  
pp. 617-630 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.K Chau ◽  
E.Y Tu ◽  
D.W.T Chan ◽  
J Burnett
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Total Exposure

scholarly journals The measurement by serological means of the impact of the Hong Kong/68 influenza virus on a population

1972 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Alberto N. Candeias ◽  
Marguerite S. Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Haemagglutination Inhibition ◽  
Sharp Decrease ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
First Year ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
The Impact

In order to obtain evidence on the size of the impact of the Hong Kong/68 variant of influenza A2 virus on the population of São Paulo, Brazil, serum samples taken in 1967 before this variant appeared and during successive years after it appeared were examined for their antibody content. Haemagglutination-inhibition tests performed on a total of 2726 serum samples from adults showed a sharp decrease in 1969 of the proportion of sera without antibody to the Hong Kong/68 variant and a corresponding mercase in the proportion with high titres. It was concluded that about three-quarters of the adult population became infected at some time after the variant appeared, the majority in the first year of prevalence.

Epidemiological shift in the prevalence of pertussis in Taiwan: implications for pertussis vaccination

2007 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 533-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Chi Lin ◽  
Shu-Man Yao ◽  
Jer-Jea Yan ◽  
Ying-Yan Chen ◽  
Chuen-Sheue Chiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Pertussis Vaccine ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Acellular Pertussis Vaccine ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Surveillance Data ◽  
Waning Immunity ◽  
Low Incidence

In Taiwan, routine pertussis immunization has been implemented for more than 40 years and a low incidence of pertussis was maintained until an 80-fold increase in cases occurred in 1992. The unexpected increase emphasized the significance of pertussis. This study evaluated a total of 2452 reported cases of pertussis during 1993–2004 and surveillance data on incidence, age distribution and seasonality. The highest morbidity was in infants aged <1 year, and upward trends in the incidence of pertussis were significant for infants aged <1 year and adolescents aged 10–14 years. The highest mean number of cases was observed in August and upward trends were in colder months. This study indicates that the epidemiology of pertussis may have been changed by waning immunity in Taiwan. Increased surveillance activities, especially in older age groups, and additional booster doses of acellular pertussis vaccine for children aged 6–8 years and adolescents/young adults aged 15–20 years are necessary to control and prevent pertussis.

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