scholarly journals Prevention of Compressed Air Illness: Obsolete Statutory Regulations as an Obstacle to Progress

1935 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 318-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. W. M. Boycott
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Essential Feature ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Body ◽  
Compressed Air ◽  
Absolute Pressure ◽  
State Regulations ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Working Out ◽  
Different Parts

About 25 years ago Dr J. S. Haldane, Dr A. E. Boycott and Capt. Damant, R.N., in the course of investigations for the British Admiralty, worked out a system of decompression for divers and compressed air workers. This system was adopted by the Admiralty, and by its use compressed air sickness has been practically eliminated entirely amongst naval divers. The system has become known as stage decompression, although in fact stages are not an essential feature of it, though a convenience in practical working. The system has been frequently and fully described. The latest explanation will be found in the last edition, 1935, revised by Haldane and Priestly, of Respiration, by J. S. Haldane (Clarendon Press). Its most essential feature is that the pressure is lowered quickly to approximately half the absolute pressure during decompression, and one of the most important assumptions for working out the decompression tables is that different parts of the body saturate and desaturate at different rates. Enquiries sent out by me during 1934 to the United States, the principal countries of Europe and to Japan indicate, so far as definite information has been received in reply, that stage decompression has been universally adopted for divers, but in no case has it been adopted for caisson and tunnel workers in countries where State regulations already existed, except in a modified form, and I conclude that the reason for this failure to adopt stage decompression is the existence of statutory regulations, either still in force, or only partly modified in accordance with new ideas.

Comparative Funeral Practices

1969 ◽  
Vol os-16 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-62
Author(s):  
Vanderlyn R. Pine
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Social Support ◽  
The United States ◽  
Psychological Needs ◽  
The Body ◽  
Religious Ritual ◽  
Funeral Practices ◽  
Funeral Practice

By comparing funeral practices in Bali, Japan, Russia, England, and the United States, the author shows that funeral practices are designed to provide socially sanctioned solutions to deep psychological needs at the time of bereavement. Suggested universal features of funeral practice across cultures include the provision of social support for the bereaved, religious ritual, funeral expenditure, sanitary disposal of the body, visual confrontation, and the funeral procession, which is generally conceived as a family parade.

Choice in the West

1953 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-167
Author(s):  
S. Bernard
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Political ◽  
World War ◽  
The West ◽  
Political Situation ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Working Out

The advent of a new administration in the United States and the passage of seven years since the end of World War II make it appropriate to review the political situation which has developed in Europe during that period and to ask what choices now are open to the West in its relations with the Soviet Union.The end of World War II found Europe torn between conflicting conceptions of international politics and of the goals that its members should seek. The democratic powers, led by the United States, viewed the world in traditional, Western, terms. The major problem, as they saw it, was one of working out a moral and legal order to which all powers could subscribe, and in which they would live. Quite independently of the environment, they assumed that one political order was both more practicable and more desirable than some other, and that their policies should be directed toward its attainment.

The future of maternity wear: Generation Z's expectations of dressing for pregnancy

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Anne Weigle ◽  
Laura McAndrews
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Body ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Longitudinal Approach ◽  
Shopping Experience ◽  
Physical Changes ◽  
Practical Implications

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate Generation Z's physical expectations of being pregnant and their outlook for maternity wear shopping.Design/methodology/approachFemales in this cohort (n = 207) participated in an online survey that included questions about perceptions of pregnancy, physical self-concept and forecasted shopping behaviors.FindingsResults indicated that this group is concerned with physical changes of pregnancy and expect to treat each area of the body in a different way. Women's expected physical concerns of pregnancy predict how much they anticipate accentuating their pregnant body. Gen Z anticipates wearing loose maternity garments and they envision a thoughtful, in-store shopping experience for styles that are equally fashionable and comfortable, such as dresses.Research limitations/implicationsThis study should be extended to future generational cohorts like Generation Alpha, along with Gen Z outside of the United States and women in the United States who are non-white. Further studies should take a longitudinal approach to gauge changes in this cohort's expectations as they progress through pregnancy.Practical implicationsThis paper provides maternity wear retail brands and designers a foundation for product development and marketing geared toward this large cohort.Originality/valueThe study is the first to inquire about Gen Z's outlook on pregnancy, specifically their envisioned changes to each body area and the role of maternity garments to fulfill needs and concerns.

Awash in the Storm of National Revolution

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Motoe Sasaki
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
The United States ◽  
Women Missionaries ◽  
New Developments ◽  
New Women ◽  
New Ideas

This chapter explores the aftermath of the collapse of the Wilsonian moment and its uneven and gendered effects on American New Women missionaries' enterprises in the Nationalist Revolution period (1924–27). It was at this time that the missionaries came to feel the power of the national revolution movement and found their projects were being reframed within new ideas and articulated in a new vocabulary that had become current in China. In taking such changes into account, they had to interpret and respond to new developments and ultimately reconsider their own perceptions of the United States and the very nature of their existence in China. Local Chinese resistance to their educational projects and institutions directed toward American New Women missionaries also brought into play gender differences and issues among the Chinese themselves and consequently made the difficulties facing the missionaries all the more complex and entrenched.

Spanish-speaking Anarchists in the United States

2019 ◽  
pp. 86-102
Author(s):  
Susana Sueiro Seoane
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
Latin American ◽  
York City ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Other ◽  
Spanish Speaking ◽  
The World ◽  
Latin American Countries ◽  
Different Parts

This chapter analyzes Cultura Obrera (Labor Culture), published in New York City from 1911 to 1927. Pedro Esteve, the primary editor, gave expression to his ideas in this newspaper and while it represented Spanish firemen and marine workers, it reported on many other workers’ struggles in different parts of the world, for example, supporting and collecting funds for the Mexican revolutionary brothers Flores Magón. This newspaper, as all the anarchist press, was part of a transnational network and had a circulation not only in many parts of the United States but also in Latin American countries, including Argentina and Cuba, as well as on the other side of the Atlantic, in Spain and various European countries.

Invasive Asian Carps in North America

2011 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
North America ◽  
The United States ◽  
Asian Carp ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
Common Denominator ◽  
State Regulations ◽  
Asian Carps ◽  
Economic Considerations ◽  
Vast Network

<em>Abstract</em>.—Regulations are one of the few tools available in the aquatic invasive species (AIS) management toolbox. In a perfect world, they could be used to effectively prevent spread of AIS from watershed to watershed or from continent to continent. But the regulations needed to prevent invasions by species such as Asian carps in North America and the United States are slow to evolve and used reluctantly by federal authorities because they are heavily influenced by regional and national political and economic considerations. State regulations, on the other hand, suffer from the influence of their own local and regional political and economic issues. Some states maintain strict policies and regulations with regard to Asian carp possession and use, but neighboring states may not. And since 48 of the 50 U.S. states are connected by a vast network of rivers, waterways, streams and roadways, invasions continue to occur and to spread. Consequently, Asian carp management in the United States is largely controlled by “least common denominator” state regulation that applies in a given watershed and beyond. This paper presents an overview of Asian carp regulations in the 50 U.S. states and offers suggestions for improved regulations.

Ideas and Aspirations

2021 ◽  
pp. 221-239
Author(s):  
Oscar Calvo-Gonzalez
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Technological Progress ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
The United States ◽  
Policy Innovation ◽  
The State ◽  
Policy Entrepreneurs ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Practical Agenda

This chapter explores how, behind the change in economic policymaking, lies a change in the ideas of the elite. And behind the change in ideas was a relentless scanning of experience outside Spain, especially in Europe. The chapter documents how the technocrats that held increasing power in 1960s Spain consistently sought out new ideas about policymaking from Europe and the United States. They were deliberate policy entrepreneurs. Like their Western European peers, the technocrats considered a responsibility of the state to seek to advance progress for a wide spectrum of society. To pursue this objective, they considered it critical to increase efficiency and put great faith in technological progress. The chapter concludes that what truly stands out of the technocrats is that they were able to implement their practical agenda over a sustained period. There had been previous technocratic efforts to emulate European practices, sometimes from reformers that reached even higher levels of government. A long-term horizon allowed policies to evolve without unnecessary volatility, striking a balance between policy innovation and policy continuity.

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