scholarly journals Determination of an optimal dilution of virulent feline infectious enteritis (panleucopaenia) virus for challenge purposes

1970 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 549-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. J. O'Reilly
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Geometric Means ◽  
Virus Challenge ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Blood Cell Counts ◽  
Virulent Virus ◽  
White Blood Cell Counts

SUMMARYWhen ten cats were infected orally with undiluted or a 10−1 dilution of virulent feline infectious enteritis (panleucopaenia) virus, all developed severe leucopaenia followed by the development of demonstrable antibody, but none died. Eighteen of 29 cats given a 10−2 dilution of virus died of the disease. Three of the survivors had white blood cell counts of less than 4000 and three had counts between 4000 and 6000 cells. Although the remaining five animals never had individual counts of less than 6000 cells, the geometric means of these counts showed that a marked depression in the leucocyte counts had occurred. All surviving cats developed antibody.Among the ten cats dosed with either 10−3 or 10−4 dilution of virus, four died of feline infectious enteritis and three developed antibody after falls in the leucocyte counts. It is suspected that low dilutions of feline infectious enteritis virulent virus in cats produce a phenomenon similar to that reported by von Magnus (1954) with influenza virus in eggs.Leucopaenia is commonly defined as less than 4000 white blood cells/mm.3 of blood. Counts lower than this are usual in cats which either die of the disease or have received large doses of virus; they are less common in cats surviving after administration of diluted virus. Challenge of cats with pre-existing antibody did not provoke a depression in the leucocyte counts.

ALLIUM SATIVUM ESSENTIAL OIL (ASEO);

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (04) ◽  
pp. 612-616
Author(s):  
Faisal Irshad ◽  
Hina Mawani ◽  
Sana Naz
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Allium Sativum ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Serum Triglycerides ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Blood Cell Counts ◽  
Animal House

Objectives: To determine the effects of Allium sativum essential oil (ASEO)phytotherapy on serum triglycerides, total cholesterol, HDLc, LDLc and blood cell counts inalbino rat model. Study design: Experimental study. Setting and Duration: Animal House,Sindh Agriculture University and Isra University Hyderabad from May 2014 to January 2015.Materials and Methods: 60 albino rats were divided into four groups. Controls were givenPlacebo. Experimental rat groups were given ASEO 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg and 300 mg/kgorally for 30 days. Cardiac puncture was performed for blood sampling. Research variableswere analyzed on Statistix 10.0 (USA). Results: Blood lipids showed significant reduction invarious blood lipid fractions. Serum LDLc exhibited with a concomitant rise in serum HDLc (p=0.0001) in high ASEO treated rats. Red blood cells, white blood cells and platelet showedsignificant improvement ASEO fed rats (p=0.001). Conclusion: Allium sativum essential oil(ASEO) phytotherapy showed a rise in HDLc and a reduction in LDLc, triglycerides and totalcholesterol with improvement in red blood cell counts.

scholarly journals Accuracy of routine biomarkers and blood leucocytes count to assist diagnosis of COVID-19-associated pneumonia in adult patients visiting the emergency department

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cécile Maincent ◽  
Frédéric Berthier ◽  
Ryan Lukas Farhad ◽  
Cristel Fissore-Magdelein ◽  
Claire Claire Dittlot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Blood Cell Counts ◽  
Low Probability ◽  
White Blood Cell Counts ◽  
Adjudication Committee

Abstract Background To investigate whether routine biomarkers and blood leucocytes count could assist diagnosis of COVID-19-associated pneumonia in adult patients visiting the emergency department (ED). Methods This monocentre retrospective study enrolled 254 patients with nasopharyngeal RT-PCR for SARS-COV-2, routine biomarkers (D-dimers, fibrinogen, C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, NTpro-BNP, cTnT-hs) and blood cell counts. Sensitivity and specificity were evaluated. An adjudication committee classified diagnostic probability as certain, probable, unlikely, and excluded, based on all available data, then distributed in 2 categories: high (certain and probable) and low probability (unlikely and excluded). Results Between 25 th of February and 15 th of April, 2020, 254 of 388 patients could be analyzed. The adjudication committee classified 46 patients as definite, 18 as probable, 64 as unlikely, and 126 as excluded, corresponding to 64 high and 190 low probability. High and low probability patients differed for fibrinogen (P<0.0005) and white blood cell counts, notably leucocytes (P=0.0015), neutrophilic (P=0.0036), lymphocytes (P=0.0057), eosinophilic (P=0.027), and basophilic (P<0.001) counts. In a multivariate analysis, basophilic count < 25/µL (OR 3.048 [95%CI; 1.34-6.919]), neutrophilic count < 4000 /µL (OR 5.525 [95%CI; 2.20-13.855], and fibrinogen > 3g/L (OR 6355 [95%CI; 2.01-20.079] were independently associated with the diagnosis. Negative predictive values were 0.98 and 0.93 combining fibrinogen ( < 3g/L) and eosinophilic count ( < 80/µL), and fibrinogen and basophilic count ( < 25/µL), respectively. Conclusion Changes in fibrinogen and white blood cells, notably basophilic count, showed interesting performance for the diagnosis COVID-19 associated pneumonia. Combining fibrinogen with either eosinophilic or basophilic count was helpful to exclude the diagnosis.

Chemoprotective Action of Rasayanas against Cyclosphamide Toxicity

1994 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 306-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vayalil Praveenkumar ◽  
Ramadasan Kuttan ◽  
Girija Kuttan
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Immunomodulatory Activity ◽  
Drug Preparation ◽  
Herbal Drug ◽  
Bone Marrow Cellularity ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
White Blood Cell Counts ◽  
Marrow Cellularity

Aims and backgrond Mylosuppression has been found to be one of the major drawbacks in cancer chemotherapy. Presently the effect of Rasayanas, an indigenous herbal drug preparation having immunomodulatory activity, in reducing myelosuppression and subseguent leukopenia was studied. Methods Animals were injected cyclophosphamide (50 mg/kg b.wt. daily for 14 days) with or without Rasayanas (50 mg/animal) and total white blood cells, bone marrow cellularity and survival of the animals were determined. Results Oral administration of Brahma Rasayana (BR) and Ashwagandha/Rasayana (AR) was found to protect mice from cyclophosphamide induced leukopenia. Total white blood cell counts in BR and AR treated animals on day 12 were 3800 and 3000 cells(mm3 respectively, which was significantly high compared to that of controls (700 cells/mm3). When the treatment was stopped on day 14 the value increased to 27,000 and 26,000 cells/mm3. The bone marrow cellularity were also significantly high in BR and AR treated animals (3.45 × 106 and 2.38 × 16 cells femur respectively) compared to that of controls. (0.72 × 106 cells/femur). Conclusion The results indicate the usefulness of Rasayanas in chemotherapy induced myelosuppression and leukopenia.

Effect of temperature as a stresser on white blood cells, adrenals and bursae of Fabricius of chicks

1960 ◽  
Vol 198 (6) ◽  
pp. 1346-1348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lloyd Chancellor ◽  
Bruce Glick
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cells ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Marked Decrease ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Heat Exposure ◽  
Bursa Of Fabricius ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
White Blood Cell Counts ◽  
Environmental Temperatures

The effects of extreme environmental temperatures on white blood cell counts and weights of the bursa of Fabricius—a lymphoepithelial gland—and adrenal glands of young birds was studied. Birds bled immediately after 15–30-minute exposures to temperatures between 112° and 118°F revealed a marked decrease in total white blood cells and percentage of heterophils and an increase in percentage of lymphocytes. When the birds were bled 2 hours after 30 minutes of heat exposure, there was a marked increase in percentage of heterophils and decrease in percentage of lymphocytes. Exposures of 30 minutes to 41°– 44°F temperatures did not have a consistent effect on white blood cells. Neither temperature affected the weights of the bursa of Fabricius or adrenal glands.

scholarly journals Evaluating Accuracy of DNA Pool Construction Based on White Blood Cell Counts

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy N. Abrams ◽  
Tara G. McDaneld ◽  
John W. Keele ◽  
Carol G. Chitko-McKown ◽  
Larry A. Kuehn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Dna Extraction ◽  
White Blood Cell ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Individual Animal ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Blood Cell Counts ◽  
White Blood Cell Counts

Pooling individual samples prior to DNA extraction can mitigate the cost of DNA extraction and genotyping; however, these methods need to accurately generate equal representation of individuals within pools. The objective of this study was to determine accuracy of pool construction of blood samples based on white blood cell counts compared to two common DNA quantification methods. Fifty individual bovine blood samples were collected, and then pooled with all individuals represented in each pool. Pools were constructed with the target of equal representation of each individual animal based on number of white blood cells, spectrophotometric readings, spectrofluorometric readings, and whole blood volume with 9 pools per method and a total of 36 pools. Pools and individual samples that comprised the pools were genotyped using a commercially available genotyping array. ASReml was used to estimate variance components for individual animal contribution to pools. The correlation between animal contributions between two pools was estimated using bivariate analysis with starting values set to the result of a univariate analysis. Adonis test on distance matrix from the animal correlation showed clustering with method, and higher correlations between methods than within (P &lt; 1 × 10–6). White blood cell count was predictive of sample representation when compared to pooling based on DNA concentration. Therefore, constructing pools using white blood cell counts prior to DNA extraction may reduce cost associated with DNA extraction and genotyping and improve representation of individuals in a pool.

scholarly journals Traffic Related Air Pollution Exposure Effect on Circulating White Blood Cell Counts in Healthy Individuals

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-113
Author(s):  
Anjam Shezadi ◽  
Muhammad Shahbaz ◽  
Irfan Baboo ◽  
Faiza Shakir ◽  
Misbah Shoukat
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
The Body ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Exposure Effect ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Exhaust Fumes ◽  
White Blood Cell Counts

During this short term study a total of 110 samples were collected from the selected individuals of study area. This study was aimed to count the White blood cells in the blood samples of individuals, who were mostly exposed to exhaust fumes (air pollution), like traffic constables, cooks and shopkeepers. For this purpose blood samples were taken into an evacuee container having anticoagulant Ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA) so to prevent coagulation of blood, for the count of WBCs, heamocyto-meter was used. During the study the body mass index and blood pressure was also measured by digital blood pressure measuring apparatus. Samples were observed under the microscope. It was found that 15% (13,133±2544.081) sampled individuals had increased WBCs and 85% (7821±1482.76) normal WBCs. In female samples 50% (11900±2151.27) were observed with above range of WBCs and other 50% (8540±844.39) with normal range of WBCs count, non-had WBCs count lower than the normal WBCs. Mostly had normal and few had above the range. One way ANOVA has been used to analyze connection of exposure to air pollution with counts of circulating white blood cells.

An Alternative Elastase-mediated Degradation of Fibrinogen and Fibrin Observed in a Patient with Herpes Simplex Encephalitis and Pneumonia

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (02) ◽  
pp. 184-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenji lijima ◽  
Fumiyo Murakami ◽  
Yasushi Horie ◽  
Katsumi Nakamura ◽  
Shiro Ikawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Herpes Simplex ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
White Blood Cell ◽  
Herpes Simplex Encephalitis ◽  
Pmn Elastase ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Blood Cell Counts ◽  
Sds Page ◽  
White Blood Cell Counts ◽  
Pmn Élastase

SummaryA 74-year-old female developed pneumonia following herpes simplex encephalitis. Her white blood cell counts reached 28,400/μl, about 90% of which consisted of granulocytes. The polymorphonuclear (PMN) elastase/α1-arantitrypsin complex levels increased and reached the maximum of 5,019 ng/ml, indicating the release of a large amount of elastase derived from the granulocytes. The mechanism of PMN elastase release was most likely to be granulocyte destruction associated with phagocytosis. The cleavage of fibrinogen and fibrin by PMN elastase, independent of plasmin, was indicated by the presence of the fragments in immunoprecipitated plasma from the patient corresponding to elastase-induced FDP D and DD fragments and the absence of fragments corresponding to plasmin-induced FDP D and DD fragments on SDS-PAGE. These findings suggested that the large amount of PMN elastase released from the excessive numbers of granulocytes in this patient with herpes simplex encephalitis and pneumonia, induced the cleavage of fibrinogen and fibrin without the participation of plasmin.

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