scholarly journals Transferable plasmid-mediated drug resistance among non-O1 Vibrio cholerae and rough strains of Vibrio cholerae from Tamilnadu, India

1984 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
SP. Sundaram ◽  
K. V. Murthy
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
En Bloc ◽  
R Plasmids ◽  
Resistance Markers ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
The Common

SUMMARYA total of 289 non-O1 Vibrio cholerae (NVC) strains and 20 rough V. cholerae (RVC) strains isolated in an endemic area were tested for antibiotic resistance and for transferable R-plasmids. Twenty three per cent of NVC and 40% of the RVC isolates were found to be resistant to one or more drugs. Eight NVC and four RVC strains possessed multiple drug resistance, varying from four to eight drugs. The common spectrum found in NVC isolates were chloramphenicol and streptomycin (CS) or chloramphenicol, streptomycin, tetracycline and ampicillin (CSTA). Resistance to sulphamethoxazole (Su) and to trimethoprim (Tm) was encountered infrequently. In RVC isolates in addition CSTASuTm determinants, resistance markers to aminoglycosides kanamycin, gentamicin and neomycin were also found. Eighteen of the 27 V. cholerae strains with two or more resistance determinants transferred them en bloc to Escherichia coli K12. The level of resistance in the recipient strain was equal to or greater than that of the donor vibrio strains. Most of the strains possessing solitary resistance markers were unable to transfer them. βlactamase production could be demonstrated in 92·8% of the ampicillin resistant strains. None of the strains was resistant to nalidixic acid or furazolidone. The results emphasize the importance of antimicrobic susceptibility determination of V. cholerae isolates, regardless of the serotypes, before commencing chemotherapy.

scholarly journals R plasmids conferring multiple drug resistance from shigella isolated in Korea

1984 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doki Chun ◽  
Dong Taek Cho ◽  
Sung Yong Seol ◽  
Min Ho Suh ◽  
Yoo Chul Lee
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Shigella Flexneri ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
R Plasmids ◽  
Resistance Markers ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Drug Resistant Strains

SUMMARYThe majority (85%) of shigella isolated in 1980 and 1981 in Korea wereShigella flexneri, the others wereSh. sonnei(14%) with only a small number ofSh. dysenteriae. Only 14 of the 459 strains of shigella isolated were susceptible to all 12 drugs tested, and 445 were resistant to three or more drugs. Strains multiply resistant to the six drugs, chloramphenicol (Cm), tetracycline (Tc), streptomycin (Sm), sulfisomidine (Su), ampicillin (Ap) and trimethoprim (Tp) were most frequently encountered, followed by those resistant to Cm, Tc, Sm, Su and Tp. The complete patterns of resistance to drugs except nalidixic acid and rifampin in approximately 73% of drug-resistant strains were co-transferred toEscherichia coliby conjugation, indicating that the resistance was R plasmid-mediated. Randomly selected R plasmids conferring various patterns of resistance markers were tested for the incompatibility groups, and almost all of them were classified intoIncFII. Two of three R plasmids conferring resistance to Cm, Tc, Sm and Su were classified intoIncB and one toIncFII. Two R types with resistance markers of Cm, Tc, Sm and Ap were not classified with our standard plasmids used.

Analisis of budget costs with different treatment efficiencies of newly diagnosed tuberculosis patients with multiple drug resistant pathogen

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 5-10
Author(s):  
N.V. Kuznetsov ◽  
A.S. Lesonen ◽  
U.M. Markelov ◽  
E.D. Mikhailova
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Rapid Determination ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistant ◽  
Treatment Gaps ◽  
Mdr Tb ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
The Republic

The article presents the results of predicting the dynamics of the spread of new cases of tuberculosis (TB) with multiple drug resistance (MDR) in the Republic of Karelia, as well as the costs of treating patients with tuberculosis, considering the different effectiveness of treatment. It has been demonstrated that while enhancing efficiency of treatment, due to the rapid determination of drug resistance by the method of polymerase chain reaction and a decrease in treatment gaps (using food kits), the effectiveness of treatment is significantly increased and the prevalence of MDR-TB decreases, which leads to significant budget savings.

scholarly journals Geographical distribution and antibiotics susceptibility patterns of toxigenic Vibrio cholerae isolates from Kisumu County, Kenya

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Silas O. Awuor ◽  
Eric O. Omwenga ◽  
Ibrahim I. Daud
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Drug Susceptibility ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Antimicrobial Drug Resistance ◽  
Antibiotics Susceptibility ◽  
Conventional Antibiotics ◽  
Susceptibility Patterns

Background: Multiple drug resistance has become a major threat to the treatment of cholera. Recent studies in Kenya have described the epidemiology, especially the risk factors, of cholera; however, there is little information on the phenotypic and drug susceptibility patterns of Vibrio cholerae (V. cholerae) in outbreaks that in the recent past have occurred in western Kenya.Aim: To characterise and determine the antibiotics’ susceptibility profiling of toxigenic V. cholerae isolates from Kisumu County.Setting: The project was conducted in Kisumu County, Kenya.Methods: A total of 119 V. cholerae O1, biotype El Tor, isolates collected during 2017 cholera outbreak in Kisumu County were used for this study. The samples were cultured on thiosulphate-citrate-bile salts sucrose (TCBS) agar and biochemical tests were carried out using standard procedures. Susceptibility tests were conducted by using various conventional antibiotics against standard procedures.Results: Of the 119 isolates, 101 were confirmed to be V. cholerae belonging to serotypes Inaba and Ogawa, with Inaba being the predominant serotype (73.95%). The isolates were susceptible to ciprofloxacin (100%), ofloxacin (100%), gentamycin (100%), doxycycline (99%), ceftriaxone (99%) and streptomycin (96.04%) antimicrobials, and resistant to erythromycin (53.47%), amoxicillin (64.4%), nalidixic acid (83.2%) and ampicillin (89.11%), with high resistance to cotrimoxazole (99%) and tetracycline (97%).Conclusion: Vibrio cholerae was resistant to multiple antibiotics, including those commonly used in the management of cholera. Taken together, there is a need to carry out regular surveillance on antimicrobial drug resistance during outbreaks.

Tentative epidemiologic cut-off value and resistant characteristic detection of apramycin against Escherichia coli from chickens

2019 ◽  
Vol 366 (16) ◽  
Author(s):  
Erjie Tian ◽  
Ishfaq Muhammad ◽  
Wanjun Hu ◽  
Zhiyong Wu ◽  
Rui Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Aminoglycoside Antibiotic ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Broth Microdilution ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method ◽  
Resistant Strains

ABSTRACT Escherichia coli are important foodborne zoonotic pathogens. Apramycin is a key aminoglycoside antibiotic used by veterinarians against E. coli. This study was conducted to establish the epidemiological cut-off value (ECV) and resistant characteristics of apramycin against E. coli. In this study, 1412 clinical isolates of E. coli from chickens in China were characterized. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of apramycin were assessed by broth microdilution method. MIC50 and MIC90 for apramycin against E. coli (0.5–256 µg/mL) were 8 and 16 µg/mL, respectively. In this study, the tentative ECV was determined to be 16 µg/mL by the statistical method and 32 µg/mL by ECOFFinder software. Besides, the percentages of aac(3)-IV positive strains ascended with the increase of MIC values of apramycin, and the gene npmA was detected in strains with higher MICs. Sixteen apramycin highly resistant strains displayed multiple drug resistance (100%) to amoxicillin, ampicillin, gentamicin, doxycycline, tetracycline, trimethoprim and florfenicol, while most of them were susceptible to amikacin and spectinomycin. In summary, the tentative ECV of apramycin against E. coli was recommended to be 16 µg/mL.

scholarly journals Complete DNA Sequence and Analysis of the Transferable Multiple-Drug Resistance Plasmids (R Plasmids) from Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida Isolates Collected in Japan and the United States

2007 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 606-611 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mi-Jung Kim ◽  
Ikuo Hirono ◽  
Ken Kurokawa ◽  
Takeshi Maki ◽  
John Hawke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Conjugative Transfer ◽  
Resistance Plasmids ◽  
Photobacterium Damselae ◽  
Drug Resistance Marker ◽  
R Plasmids

ABSTRACT Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida is a bacterial fish pathogen that causes a disease known as pasteurellosis. Two transferable multiple-drug resistance (R) plasmids, pP99-018 (carrying resistance to kanamycin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, and sulfonamide) and pP91278 (carrying resistance to tetracycline, trimethoprim, and sulfonamide), isolated from P. damselae subsp. piscicida strains from Japan (P99-018) and the United States (P91278), respectively, were completely sequenced and analyzed, along with the multiple-drug resistance regions of three other R plasmids also from P. damselae subsp. piscicida strains from Japan. The sequence structures of pP99-018 (150,057 bp) and pP91278 (131,520 bp) were highly conserved, with differences due to variation in the drug resistance and conjugative transfer regions. These plasmids, shown to be closely related to the IncJ element R391 (a conjugative, self-transmitting, integrating element, or constin), were divided into the conjugative transfer, replication, partition, and multiple-drug resistance regions. Each of the five multiple-drug resistance regions sequenced exhibited unique drug resistance marker composition and arrangement.

scholarly journals Characterization of the Vibrio cholerae vceCAB Multiple-Drug Resistance Efflux Operon in Escherichia coli

2005 ◽  
Vol 187 (15) ◽  
pp. 5500-5503 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin C. Woolley ◽  
Govindsamy Vediyappan ◽  
Matthew Anderson ◽  
Melinda Lackey ◽  
Bhagavathi Ramasubramanian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Efflux Pump ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Multiple Drug

ABSTRACT Herein, we identify vceC as a component of a vceCAB operon, which codes for the Vibrio cholerae VceAB multiple-drug resistance (MDR) efflux pump, and vceR, which codes for a transcriptional autoregulatory protein that negatively regulates the expression of the vceCAB operon and is modulated by some of the substrates of this MDR efflux pump.

scholarly journals Vibrio cholerae O139 Multiple-Drug Resistance Mediated by Yersinia pestis pIP1202-Like Conjugative Plasmids

2008 ◽  
Vol 52 (11) ◽  
pp. 3829-3836 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing-Cao Pan ◽  
Rong Ye ◽  
Hao-Qiu Wang ◽  
Hai-Qing Xiang ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Yersinia Pestis ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Plasmid Transfer ◽  
Conjugative Plasmid ◽  
Multiple Drug

ABSTRACT A conjugative plasmid, pMRV150, which mediated multiple-drug resistance (MDR) to at least six antibiotics, including ampicillin, streptomycin, gentamicin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, was identified in a Vibrio cholerae O139 isolate from Hangzhou, eastern China, in 2004. According to partial pMRV150 DNA sequences covering 15 backbone regions, the plasmid is most similar to pIP1202, an IncA/C plasmid in an MDR Yersinia pestis isolate from a Madagascar bubonic plague patient, at an identity of 99.99% (22,180/22,183 nucleotides). pMRV150-like plasmids were found in only 7.69% (1/13) of the O139 isolates tested during the early period of the O139 epidemic in Hangzhou (1994, 1996, and 1997); then the frequency increased gradually from 60.00% (3/5) during 1998 and 1999 to 92.16% (47/51) during 2000 to 2006. Most (42/51) of the O139 isolates bearing pMRV150-like plasmids were resistant to five to six antibiotics, whereas the plasmid-negative isolates were resistant only to one to three antibiotics. In 12 plasmid-bearing O139 isolates tested, the pMRV150-like plasmids ranged from approximately 140 kb to 170 kb and remained at approximately 1 or 2 copies per cell. High (4.50 × 10−2 and 3.08 × 10−2) and low (0.88 × 10−8 to 3.29 × 10−5) plasmid transfer frequencies, as well as no plasmid transfer (under the detection limit), from these O139 isolates to the Escherichia coli recipient were observed. The emergence of pMRV150-like or pIP1202-like plasmids in many bacterial pathogens and nonpathogens occupying diverse niches with global geographical distribution indicates an increasing risk to public health worldwide. Careful tracking of these plasmids in the microbial ecosystem is warranted.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial resistance and the ecology ofEscherichia coliplasmids

1984 ◽  
Vol 93 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Platt ◽  
J. S. Sommerville ◽  
C. A. Kraft ◽  
M. C. Timbury
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
E Coli ◽  
R Plasmids ◽  
High Level

SummaryFour hundred and seven clinical isolates ofEscherichia coliwere examined for the presence of plasmids. These isolates comprised 189 which were collected irrespective of antimicrobial resistance (VP) and 218 which were collected on the basis of high-level trimethoprim resistance (TPR). The VP isolates were divided into drug sensitive (VPS) and drug-resistant (VPR) subpopulations.Plasmids were detected in 88% of VP isolates (81% of VPS and 94% of VPR) and 98% of TPR isolates. The distribution of plasmids in both groups and subpopulations was very similar. However, there were small but statistically significant differences between the plasmid distributions. These showed that more isolates in the resistant groups harboured plasmids than in the sensitive subpopulation (VPS) and that the number of plasmids carried by resistant isolates was greater. Multiple drug resistance was significantly more common among TPR isolates than the VPR subpopulation and this was paralleled by increased numbers of plasmids.Fifty-eight per cent of VPR and 57% of TPR isolates transferred antimicrobial resistance and plasmids toE. coliK12. Of the R+isolates, 60% carried small plasmids (MW < 20Md) and 52% of these co-transferred with R-plasmids. These results are discussed.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document