Analisis of budget costs with different treatment efficiencies of newly diagnosed tuberculosis patients with multiple drug resistant pathogen

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 5-10
Author(s):  
N.V. Kuznetsov ◽  
A.S. Lesonen ◽  
U.M. Markelov ◽  
E.D. Mikhailova
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Rapid Determination ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistant ◽  
Treatment Gaps ◽  
Mdr Tb ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
The Republic

The article presents the results of predicting the dynamics of the spread of new cases of tuberculosis (TB) with multiple drug resistance (MDR) in the Republic of Karelia, as well as the costs of treating patients with tuberculosis, considering the different effectiveness of treatment. It has been demonstrated that while enhancing efficiency of treatment, due to the rapid determination of drug resistance by the method of polymerase chain reaction and a decrease in treatment gaps (using food kits), the effectiveness of treatment is significantly increased and the prevalence of MDR-TB decreases, which leads to significant budget savings.

scholarly journals Transferable plasmid-mediated drug resistance among non-O1 Vibrio cholerae and rough strains of Vibrio cholerae from Tamilnadu, India

1984 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
SP. Sundaram ◽  
K. V. Murthy
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
En Bloc ◽  
R Plasmids ◽  
Resistance Markers ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
The Common

SUMMARYA total of 289 non-O1 Vibrio cholerae (NVC) strains and 20 rough V. cholerae (RVC) strains isolated in an endemic area were tested for antibiotic resistance and for transferable R-plasmids. Twenty three per cent of NVC and 40% of the RVC isolates were found to be resistant to one or more drugs. Eight NVC and four RVC strains possessed multiple drug resistance, varying from four to eight drugs. The common spectrum found in NVC isolates were chloramphenicol and streptomycin (CS) or chloramphenicol, streptomycin, tetracycline and ampicillin (CSTA). Resistance to sulphamethoxazole (Su) and to trimethoprim (Tm) was encountered infrequently. In RVC isolates in addition CSTASuTm determinants, resistance markers to aminoglycosides kanamycin, gentamicin and neomycin were also found. Eighteen of the 27 V. cholerae strains with two or more resistance determinants transferred them en bloc to Escherichia coli K12. The level of resistance in the recipient strain was equal to or greater than that of the donor vibrio strains. Most of the strains possessing solitary resistance markers were unable to transfer them. βlactamase production could be demonstrated in 92·8% of the ampicillin resistant strains. None of the strains was resistant to nalidixic acid or furazolidone. The results emphasize the importance of antimicrobic susceptibility determination of V. cholerae isolates, regardless of the serotypes, before commencing chemotherapy.

scholarly journals Multiple drug resistance in bacterial isolates from liquid wastes generated in central hospitals of Nepal

1970 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr Sharma ◽  
B Pradhan ◽  
SK Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Liquid Waste ◽  
Viable Count ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistant ◽  
Liquid Wastes

Background: Healthcare liquid wastes are the reservoirs of harmful infectious agents such as the pathogens and multiple drug resistant microorganisms. Potential infectious risks include the spread of infectious diseases and microbial resistance from health-care establishments into the environment and thereby posing risks of getting infections and antibiotic resistance in the communities. Objectives: The objectives of this study were to assess the bacterial load of healthcare liquid waste generated in central hospitals and to explore the antimicrobial resistance pattern of these bacterial isolates. Materials and methods: A descriptive study was carried out in 10 conveniently selected central hospitals of Nepal during the period of May to December 2008. Effluent specimens from each hospital were subjected to total viable count studies by spread plate method in nutrient agar plate and incubated for 24 hours at 37°C using standard laboratory protocol. Similarly, all the specimens were cultured in Mac Conkey Agar media supplemented with 30 μg/ml of Chloramphenicol and 20 μg/ml of Gentamycin for the enumeration of multiple drug resistant (MDR) bacteria, which were further subjected to in-vitro antibiotic susceptibility test by modified Kirby Bauer disc diffusion technique for resistance patterns. Results: Total viable counts of hospital effluents significantly exceeded the standard heterotrophic plate count (p=0.000). Similarly, the numbers of multiple drug resistant bacteria were alarmingly high in three (more than 30% in 2 and 50% in 1) hospitals of this study. Drug resistant hospital effluent isolates showed simultaneous resistance for most of the antibiotics including Penicillin, Cephalosporin, Cotrimoxazole, Gentamycin and Quinolones. Conclusion: Healthcare liquid wastes were laden with MDR bacteria and seemed to pose a huge public health threat in the transfer of such resistance to the bacterial pathogens causing community acquired infections, thereby limiting our antibiotic pool. Key words: Healthcare liquid waste management; viable count; multiple drug resistance; hospitals; Nepal DOI: 10.3126/kumj.v8i1.3220 Kathmandu University Medical Journal (2010), Vol. 8, No. 1, Issue 29, 40-44

scholarly journals HIV infection and multiple drug resistant tuberculosis: the frequency of co-infection and treatment efficacy

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-51
Author(s):  
O. V. Filinyuk ◽  
A. S. Alliluev ◽  
D. E. Аmichba ◽  
P. N. Golubchikov ◽  
Yu. S. Popelo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Treatment Efficacy ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Tuberculosis Patients ◽  
Tomsk Region ◽  
Mdr Tb ◽  
Hiv Negative

The objective of the study: in Tomsk Region, to establish the frequency of multiple drug resistance (MDR) of mycobacterium tuberculosis (MBT) in new tuberculosis patients with the reference to their HIV status and to assess their treatment outcomes.Subjects and methods. The presented results were obtained from a retrospective cohort study of 788 new tuberculosis patients who were registered for MDR TB treatment at Tomsk Phthisiopulmonology Medical Center from January 2017 to April 2019.Results. In Tomsk Region, the level of primary MDR reaches 31.3% in patients with TB/HIV co-infection, while in HIV negative tuberculosis patients, this rate is 24.2%. The incidence of primary MDR/XDR MTB reaches 40% among deceased patients with TB/HIV co-infection. Treatment efficacy in MDR/XDR TB patients with associated HIV infection is low – the effective treatment was achieved only in 7.3% of them. In general (excluding the data on MTB drug resistance and antiretroviral therapy), treatment efficacy of tuberculosis patients with HIV infection is significantly lower versus HIV negative tuberculosis patients: 37.7% and 61.9%, respectively, OR 0.38 [0.28; 0.50], p = 0.001.

scholarly journals PHARMACOKINETICS OF INH AND PZA IN MDR-TB: A REVIEW

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Ramya ◽  
S. Shanmugam
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Treatment Compliance ◽  
The Body ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Second Line ◽  
Affected Patient ◽  
First Line ◽  
Mdr Tb

Tuberculosis remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in developing countries, including india. Isoniazid and pyrazinamide are powerful drugs administered as the First line and second line Anti-TB drugs in Tuberculosis affected patient. It plays a key role in shortening the TB therapy. Isoniazid (INH), and pyrazinamide (PZA) are the main drugs for the treatment of tuberculosis (TB). Mycobacterium tuberculosis is responsible for causing tuberculosis can acquire multiple drug resistance (MDR) by not responding to the most powerful anti-TB agents. The complications of drug resistance in TB elevates the some of the risk factors like inadequate treatment compliance, noncompliance of the patients to the treatment. Pharmacokinetics provides a basic time course of drugs and their effects in the body. These pharmacokinetic processes referred to as ADME. Key words Isoniazid, Pyrazinamide, MDR, ADME, TB

scholarly journals Predictors of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis among High-Risk Population Diagnosed under National Program Conditions in the Littoral Region, Cameroon

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Teyim Pride Mbuh ◽  
Adeline Wandji ◽  
Liliane Keugni ◽  
Sandrine Mboh ◽  
Irene Ane-Anyangwe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
High Risk Population ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Littoral Region ◽  
Mdr Tb

Multiple drug resistance TB (MDR-TB) has greatly jeopardized the effective control of tuberculosis in Africa. This study is aimed at determining the incidence and predictors of drug resistant-TB amongst bacteriologically diagnosed cases in the Littoral region of Cameroon. This was a descriptive cross-sectional survey conducted from January 2016 to December 2017. A total of 1665 participants were enrolled from 32 diagnostic and treatment centers (DTCs) in the Littoral region. Demographic, clinical, socioeconomic, and behavioral data were obtained using a pretested structured questionnaire. Drug susceptibility testing was performed using Gene Xpert MTB/RIF assay and line probe assay (LPA). Consent was obtained from participant/guidance. Data analysis was carried with SPSS version 21. Univariate and multiple logistic regression was performed at 5% significance level. The incidence of rifampicin and MDR-TB was 86 (5.2%) and 75 (4.5%), respectively. More (11.3%) cases of drug resistance were diagnosed in 2016 compared to 2017 (3.7%). Eleven (0.7%) were resistant to rifampicin only. A total of 19 (4.4%) cases of rifampicin resistance were detected from newly diagnosed cases and 67 (5.4%) from previously retreated cases. Pre-XDR-TB was detected in 2 (2.7%) of the MDR-TB cases amongst whom 1 (1.3%) was extensive drug resistance TB (XDR-TB). Age greater than 60 years old ( OR = 4.98 , p = 0.047 ), being married ( OR = 1.91 , p = 0.006 ), being currently incarcerated ( OR = 1.74 , p = 0.027 ), and having contact with known TB cases ( OR = 1.88 , p = 0.007 ) were associated to MDR-TB in a univariate analysis. This study highlights the declining rates of TB drug resistance in the region over the years probably due to the introduction of Gene Xpert that results in early detection of RR-TB. It also shows that age greater than 60 years, being married, and incarcerated are predictors of drug resistant-TB, while the year of patient enrolment and previous exposure to TB treatment were independent predictors of drug resistance in the Littoral region of Cameroon.

scholarly journals Tuberculosis Situation in Volga Federal District in 2016-2020

2022 ◽  
Vol 99 (12) ◽  
pp. 22-26
Author(s):  
M. M. Yunusbaeva ◽  
L. Ya. Borodina ◽  
R. A. Sharipov ◽  
E. S. Bilalov ◽  
M. M. Аzamatova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Federal District ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Maximum Increase ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Hiv Coinfection ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistant ◽  
Republic Of Bashkortostan ◽  
Mdr Tb ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Republic

The objective of the study: to assess changes in the incidence and prevalence of multiple drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR TB) and TB/HIV coinfection (TB/HIV) in Volga Federal District (VFD) and its regions during 2016-2020.Subjects and Methods. Data from FGSN Forms No. 8, 33, and 61, and analytical reviews of main statistical TB rates in the Russian Federation have been studied. The number of those died is presented as per the Rosstat data.Results. An increase in the incidence and prevalence of MDR TB and TB/HIV coinfection has been detected in certain region of Volga Federal District. Perm Region, the Republic of Bashkortostan, the Republic of Udmurtia, and Orenburg and Samara Regions have the highest prevalence of MDR TB and TB/HIV coinfection. In 2020, the Republic of Bashkortostan was the only region where the incidence and prevalence of MDR TB were growing (164.7% and 47.3%, respectively). The highest incidence and prevalence of TB/HIV coinfection was reported in the Republic of Bashkortostan, Perm Kray, Orenburg Region, the Chuvash and Udmurt Republics. Over the last 5 years, the maximum increase in TB/HIV incidence and prevalence was observed in the Republic of Bashkortostan (38.8% and 41.3%, respectively).

scholarly journals OTOTOXICITY IN MDR-TB PATIENTS ON CATEGORY-4 REGIMEN: A CASE REPORT

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-259
Author(s):  
Tanish Baqar ◽  
Sharique Ahmad ◽  
Silky Rai
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Drug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Medical Progress ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistant ◽  
Mdr Tb

Multiple drug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is a critical situation affecting adults as properly as children across the globe (1). To determine the incidence and risk factors associated with Multiple Drug Resistant Tuberculosis (MDR-TB) (2), we studied Ototoxicity on 18 culture confirmed MDR-TB patients in Eras' Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, Lucknow from September, 2019 to January, 2020. This case follows a well documented report of a patient describing an unusual and novel occurrence of ototoxicity when undergoing treatment concerning multiple drug resistance tuberculosis along with symptoms, signs, diagnosis, treatment and follow-up (3). For descriptive convenience, the patient will be classified as patient 1. The following case is the cornerstones of medical progress and provides many new ideas in medicine. Containing an extensive review of the relevant literature on the topic, the case report is a rapid short communication between busy clinicians who may not have time or resources to conduct large scale research.(4)

scholarly journals EXPERIENCE OF SHORT-COURSE TREATMENT IN THOSE SUFFERING FROM MULTIPLE DRUG RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS

2018 ◽  
Vol 96 (5) ◽  
pp. 36-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Toktogonovа ◽  
Z. Dzh. Kyzаlаkovа ◽  
T. I. Petrenko ◽  
T. A. Kolpаkovа
Keyword(s):  
Standard Treatment ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Tuberculosis Patients ◽  
The Past ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Short Course ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistant ◽  
Mdr Tb ◽  
Default Rate

The article presents the analysis of outcomes of short course treatment of tuberculosis patients with multiple drug resistance (MDR TB), which was twice shorter compared to standard treatment (9-12 months versus 20-14 months). The efficiency of short-course and standard treatment did not differ significantly in new MDR TB cases and those previously who had limited tuberculous lesions and received no therapy with second line drugs in the past (69.2% versus 68.2%), while the default rate was twice less (13.5% versus 27%, p = 0.03). Economic efficiency of treatment: costs of drugs for short-course treatment of MDR TB were 3 times lower compared to the standard one.

scholarly journals Fosfomycin, a therapeutic option for infections produced by multiple drug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Yeganeh Sefidan ◽  
Robab Azargun ◽  
Reza Ghotaslou
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistant ◽  
Microbiological Procedures ◽  
Extensively Drug Resistance

Due to the increasing prevalence of infections caused by resistant bacteria and especially multiple drug resistance <em>Enterobacteriaceae</em>, availability of alternative effective antibiotics is restricted. The goal of this study was to investigate the susceptibility profile of multiple drug resistance and extensively drug resistance <em>Enterobacteriaceae</em> isolated from various clinical samples to fosfomycin. A total of 303 non-duplicate <em>Enterobacteriaceae</em> isolates were collected. Identification and susceptibility testing were done according to standard microbiological procedures and the Kirby-Bauer test, respectively. Of all isolates, 272 (89.8%) and 26 (8.6%) were detected as multiple drug resistance and extensively drug resistance strains, respectively. The most effective antibiotic (98%) was fosfomycin, when compared with other antibiotics against multiple drug resistance and extensively drug resistance <em>Enterobacteriaceae</em> isolates. In this study, we find high levels of resistance to commonly used antibiotics. However, fosfomycin can be a good option for treating multiple drug resistance <em>Enterobacteriaceae</em>.

scholarly journals MicroRNA AND TUBERCULOSIS

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 309-315
Author(s):  
V. V. Eremeev ◽  
V. V. Evstifeev ◽  
G. S. Shepelkova ◽  
A. E. Ergeshova ◽  
M. A. Bagirov
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Transcriptional Level ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Mdr Tb ◽  
Inflammatory Processes

In 2015, more than 10% of tuberculosis (TB)-related deaths were attributable to M. tuberculosis with multiple drug-resistance (MDR-TB) and extensively drug-resistance (XDR-TB) (WHO 2016). In combination with insufficient commitment to the treatment regimen, the genetic heterogeneity and clonality of the patient's M. tuberculosis, as well as the poor permeability of the tuberculosis granuloma for the drug, can lead to monotherapy, despite the use of several drugs, which further promotes the spread of MDR and XDR-TB. Of particular concern is the rapid spread of resistance to newly introduced into clinical practice second-line drugs, intended for the treatment of MDR-TB — delamanid and bedaquiline. Thus, the spread of drug resistance to chemotherapy, along with the limited possibilities of chemotherapy in patients with MDR-TB and XDR-TB, dictate the need to supplement canonical chemotherapy with TB treatment methods directed at the host. MicroRNAs (miRs) are short sequences of single-stranded RNA that control up to 60% of genes encoding protein synthesis at a post-transcriptional level. Accumulating data points to the essential role of miRs in fine tuning the host response to infection, primarily by modulating the expression of proteins involved in the reactions of innate and adaptive immune responses. Despite the fact that the established functions of miRs activity are intracellular, a number of studies have discovered highly stable extracellular miRs circulating in blood. Currently, the possibility of using these molecules as biomarkers is being actively investigated. Chronic TB inflammation is characterized by parallel or step-bystep development of regulatory and pro-inflammatory processes that affect the severity and outcome of the disease. Both pro- and anti-inflammatory effects are elements of the bacterial strategy in the struggle for survival in the host organism. In this review we discuss the role of miRs as markers of tuberculosis infection, the nature and prognosis of the course of the disease, the involvement of miRs in the regulation of the innate and adaptive immunity in tuberculosis infection, and the perspectives for clinical usage of miRs as means for diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis.

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