A topographical analysis of the post-natal bone growth in the cochlea of the dog

1997 ◽  
Vol 111 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-29
Author(s):  
M. Roberto ◽  
A. Favia ◽  
E. Lozupone
Keyword(s):  
Bone Growth ◽  
Topographical Analysis ◽  
Temporal Bones ◽  
Bone Deposition ◽  
Endochondral Layer

AbstractThe distribution of post-natal bone deposition was examined in the cochlea of 10-, 25-, 50- and 90-day-old dogs that had been intraperitoneally injected with tetracycline (20 mg/kg) five days before sacrifice. The temporal bones were embedded in methylmethacrylate and sectioned in a single mid-modiolar section 30 μm thick. The post-natal bone deposition occurs both on the periosteal surfaces and on the vascular canals of the endochondral layer until the age of 90 days. Scattered bone deposition is also shown on the endosteal layer of the three turns and on the spiral lamina until the age of 25 and 10 days respectively. The percentage extension of the osteogenetic fronts shows a higher value at the periosteal layer than at the endochondral or endosteal layers.

18F-sodium fluoride bone deposition quantitation with PET in Mice: Variation with age, sex, and circadian rhythm

2020 ◽  
Vol 59 (06) ◽  
pp. 428-437
Author(s):  
Viktoria Dorau-Rutke ◽  
Kai Huang ◽  
Mathias Lukas ◽  
Marc O. Schulze ◽  
Christian Rosner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Rhythm ◽  
Sodium Fluoride ◽  
Bone Growth ◽  
Bone Volume ◽  
Sleep Phase ◽  
Median Percentage ◽  
Bone Uptake ◽  
Pooled Data ◽  
Uptake Studies ◽  
Bone Deposition

Abstract Aim The aim of this study was to establish a data base for normal 18F-sodium fluoride (18F-NaF) bone uptake as a function of age, sex and circadian rhythm in mice. Methods In 12 female (F) and 12 male (M) C57BL/6N mice PET images were acquired 90 min after intravenous injection of 20 MBq 18F-NaF for 30 minutes. Each mouse was imaged in follow-up studies at 1, 3, 6, 13 and 21 months of age. In order to assess for physiologic changes related to circadian rhythm, animals were imaged during light (sleep phase) as well as during night conditions (awake phase). Bone uptake is described as the median percentage of the injected activity (%IA) and in relation to bone volume (%IA/ml). Results A significant smaller bone volume was found in F (1.79 ml) compared to M (1.99 ml; p < 0.001). In sex-pooled data, highest bone uptake occurred at an age of 1 month (61.1 %IA, 44.5 %IA/ml) with a significant reduction (p < 0.001) at age 3 months (43.6 %IA, 23.6 %IA/ml), followed by an increase between 13 (47.3 %IA, 24.5 %IA/ml) and 21 months (52.2 %IA, 28.1 %IA/ml). F had a significantly higher total uptake (F 48.2 %IA, M 43.8 %IA; p = 0.026) as well as a higher uptake per ml bone tissue (F 27.0 %IA/ml; M 22.4 %IA/ml; p < 0.001). A significant impact of circadian rhythm was only found for F at ages of 3 and 6 months with a higher uptake during the sleep phase. Conclusion Circadian rhythm had a significant impact on uptake only in F of 3 and 6 months. Regarding sex, F showed generally higher uptake rates than M. The highest uptake values were observed during bone growth at age 1 month in both sexes, a second uptake peak occurred in elderly F. Designing future bone uptake studies with M, attention must be paid to age only, while in F circadian rhythm and age must be taken into account.

Nanotechnology Enabled In Situ Orthopaedic Sensors for Personalized Medicine

2012 ◽  
Vol 86 ◽  
pp. 40-50
Author(s):  
Sirinrath Sirivisoot ◽  
Thomas J. Webster
Keyword(s):  
Bone Growth ◽  
Electrochemical Sensors ◽  
Electrochemical Analysis ◽  
Matrix Proteins ◽  
Implant Design ◽  
Implant Surface ◽  
Cellular Events ◽  
Bone Deposition ◽  
Made In

Although improvements have been made in implant design to increase bone formation and promote successful osseointegration using nanotechnology, the clinical diagnosis of early bone growth surrounding implants remains problematic. The development of a device allowing doctors to monitor the healing cascade and to diagnose potential infection or inflammation is necessary. Biological detection can be examined by the electrochemical analysis of electron transfer (or redox) reactions of extracellular matrix proteins involved in bone deposition and resorption. The use of nanomaterials as signal amplifiers in electrochemical sensors has greatly improved the sensitivity of detection. Nanotechnology-enabled electrochemical sensors that can be placed on the implant surface itself show promise as self-diagnosing devices in situ, possibly to detect new bone growth surrounding the implant and other cellular events to ensure implant success.

Experimental Effects of Bone Plating in Infancy on Craniomaxillofacial Skeletal Growth

1993 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 164-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry L. Eppley ◽  
James M. Platis ◽  
A. Michael Sadove
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Bone Growth ◽  
Craniofacial Development ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Skeletal Growth ◽  
Coronal Suture ◽  
Local Growth ◽  
The Right ◽  
Bone Deposition ◽  
Group 1

The potential effects of mini- and microfixation on craniofacial development was investigated in an animal model. Twenty-four rabbits had amalgam markers placed bilaterally at the lambdoid, coronal, and frontonasal sutures at 28 days of age. In group 1, plating was not done and served as controls. In groups 2 to 4, single 2- and 4-hole microplates and 4-hole miniplates were fixed across the left coronal suture. The right suture was not plated. After 6 months, intermarker distances and craniofacial angles were measured radiographically. Coronal sutures underneath the plates were also histologically evaluated. Plating across the coronal suture resulted in local anteroposterior constriction of marker distances that did not differ with the type of fixation used. More distant markers, however, were increased in all specimens as a compensation and, as a result, the cranionasal length of all groups were similar. No change in craniofacial angles was observed from that of the controls. Sutural morphology on the side of fixation was altered with decreased widths, cellular numbers, and bone deposition. These experimental results demonstrate that early plate application in a normal calvarium results in local growth restriction that can be overcome by regional bone growth compensation.

Quantitative Evaluation of Postnatal Bone Growth in the Auditory Ossicles of the Dog

1978 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 370-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele Roberto
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Evaluation ◽  
Bone Growth ◽  
The Other ◽  
Postnatal Life ◽  
Auditory Ossicles ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Bone Deposition

— The postnatal bone growth (appositional and internal) in the auditory ossicles and in the tibia of three mongrel dogs was studied by means of tetracycline and alizarin labeling. The appositional growth is characterized by an increase in the external dimensions of the auditory ossicles within the first month of postnatal life. No trace of bone deposition was found after this period of time. The patterns of internal growth are: 1) the rate of primary osteon formation shows the same value in the incus and malleus; 2) these values are always less than those in the primary osteons of the diaphysis of the tibia of the same dog; 3) the time required for the formation of these osteons in the auditory ossicles, like in the other parts of the skeleton, increases significantly with age.

Chronic Intracochlear Electrode Implantation: Cochlear Pathology and Acoustic Nerve Survival

1974 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. Schindler ◽  
Michael M. Merzenich
Keyword(s):  
Hair Cells ◽  
Bone Growth ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Stria Vascularis ◽  
Round Window ◽  
Spiral Ganglion ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Spiral Ligament ◽  
Scala Tympani ◽  
Temporal Bones

The temporal bones of ten cats implanted with intracochlear electrodes for three to 117 weeks were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and examined with light microscopy. The electrodes were embedded in Silastic® which was molded to fill the most basal 9 mm of the scala tympani. They were inserted directly into the scala through the round window. Among our observations were the following: 1) All or nearly all hair cells were lost in the basal coil during the first several weeks after implantation. Some, but not all, supporting cells were also lost. There was extensive hair cell loss in the middle and apical turns, although some hair cells were seen there in all examined cats. 2) There was evidence of degeneration of spiral ganglion cells in the basal cochlea in several animals, but most primary auditory neurons including (with two exceptions) most of those in the region directly over the electrode, survived implantation in every cat. The radial nerve fibers of the spiral ganglion cells also survived long-term implantation. The functional viability of remaining spiral ganglion cells was confirmed in acute neurophysiological experiments conducted just before the animals were sacrificed. 3) More severe degeneration was seen in two cats in which the electrode perforated the basilar partition. In these animals, there was loss of many spiral ganglion cells, and evidence of new bone growth in the region of the perforation. 4) The appearance of the stria vascularis and spiral ligament in some implanted animals paralleled their descriptions following occlusion of the cochlear vein. 5) Connective tissue formed around the electrode surfaces, apparently displacing perilymph and sealing the electrode into the scala tympani. There was no evidence of perilymph fistula in any animal. 6) There was little evidence of progressive degeneration of the organ of Corti or spiral ganglion from three to 34 weeks after implantation. Some of the implications and limitations of these findings are discussed.

scholarly journals Three-dimensional characterisation of osteocyte volumes at multiple scales, and its relationship with bone biology and genome evolution in ray-finned fishes

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald Davesne ◽  
Armin D. Schmitt ◽  
Vincent Fernandez ◽  
Roger B. J. Benson ◽  
Sophie Sanchez
Keyword(s):  
Genome Size ◽  
Bone Growth ◽  
Multiple Scales ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Bone Biology ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography ◽  
Woven Bone ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
Bone Deposition

AbstractOsteocytes, cells embedded within the bone mineral matrix, inform on key aspects of vertebrate biology. In particular, a relationship between volumes of the osteocytes and bone growth and/or genome size has been proposed for several tetrapod lineages. However, the variation in osteocyte volume across different scales is poorly characterised, and mostly relies on incomplete, two-dimensional information. In this study, we propose to characterise the variation of osteocyte volumes in ray-finned fishes (Actinopterygii), a clade including more than half of modern vertebrate species in which osteocyte biology is poorly known. We use X-ray synchrotron micro computed tomography (SRμCT) to achieve a three-dimensional visualisation of osteocytes and direct measurement of their volumes. Our specimen sample is designed to characterise osteocyte variation at three scales: within a bone, between the bones of one individual and between taxa spanning actinopterygian phylogeny. At the intra-bone scale, we find that osteocytes vary noticeably in volume between zones of organised and woven bone (being larger in the latter), and across cyclical bone deposition. This is probably explained by differences in bone deposition rate, with larger osteocytes contained in bone that deposits faster. Osteocyte volumes vary from one bone to another, for unclear reasons. Finally, we find that genome size is the best explanatory variable of osteocyte volume at the inter-specific scale: actinopterygian taxa with larger genomes (polyploid taxa in particular) have larger osteocytes. Our findings corroborate previous two-dimensional observations in tetrapods, and open new perspectives for actinopterygian bone evolution, physiology and palaeogenomics.

scholarly journals Comparative osteohistology of Hesperornis with reference to pygoscelid penguins: the effects of climate and behaviour on avian bone microstructure

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 140245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura E. Wilson ◽  
Karen Chin
Keyword(s):  
Late Cretaceous ◽  
Bone Growth ◽  
Skeletal Maturity ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Bone Microstructure ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Polar Climate ◽  
Show Evidence ◽  
Bone Deposition ◽  
Pygoscelid Penguins

The broad biogeographic distribution of Hesperornis fossils in Late Cretaceous Western Interior Seaway deposits has prompted questions about whether they endured polar winters or migrated between mid- and high latitudes. Here, we compare microstructures of hesperornithiform long bones from Kansas and the Arctic to investigate whether migration or Late Cretaceous polar climate affected bone growth. We also examine modern penguin bones to determine how migration and climate may influence bone growth in birds with known behaviours. Histological analysis of hesperornithiform samples reveals continuous bone deposition throughout the cortex, plus an outer circumferential layer in adults. No cyclic growth marks, zonation or differences in vasculature are apparent in the Hesperornis specimens. Comparatively, migratory Adélie and chinstrap penguin bones show no zonation or changes in microstructure, suggesting that migration is not necessarily recorded in avian bone microstructure. Non-migratory gentoos show evidence of rapid bone growth possibly associated with increased chick growth rates in high-latitude populations and large body size. The absence of histological evidence for migration in extinct Hesperornis and extant pygoscelid penguins may reflect that these birds reached skeletal maturity before migration or overwintering. This underscores the challenges of using bone microstructure to infer the effects of behaviour and climate on avian growth.

Autoradiographic Studies of the Distribution of Radium-226 in Rat Bone: Their Implications for Human Radiation Dosimetry and Toxicity

1983 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 479-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.D. Priest ◽  
G. Howells ◽  
D. Green ◽  
J.W. Hainesl
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Dosimetry ◽  
Bone Growth ◽  
Bone Matrix ◽  
Young Female ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Distribution Model ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Volume Distribution ◽  
Bone Deposition ◽  
Rat Bone

A solution containing 226Ra chloride was injected into young female rats via the saphenous vein. Subsequently, the distribution and retention of the 226Ra in the skeleton was studied. The results show that: 1226Ra is initially deposited in the rat femur as a volume deposit and is fairly evenly distributed throughout the bone matrix. 2 Much of the 226Ra initially deposited in the skeleton is lost within a few days of its administration. 3 During the first week 226Ra gradually accumulates at sites of bone deposition including accreting surfaces. 4 Subsequent bone growth results in the burial of contaminated bone surfaces and 5 Following bone resorption some of the 226Ra released from individual bones is recycled systemically so that all skeletal components tend towards a uniform 226Ra concentration per unit of bone mineral. Of the two models conventionally used for radiation dosimetry purposes, the results reported here for rats suggest that though neither is ideal, the volume distribution model is preferable to the surface model at all times after the uptake of radium by the skeleton.

Further studies on the ultrastructure of the cochlea

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 440-441
Author(s):  
Zhixian Wang ◽  
Pinjin Zhu ◽  
Jianhe Sun ◽  
Xuezheng Song
Keyword(s):  
Hair Cells ◽  
Military Medicine ◽  
Outer Hair Cells ◽  
Apical Surface ◽  
Epithelial Surface ◽  
Hearing Research ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Fine Structures ◽  
Temporal Bones ◽  
Accurate Observation

Hearing research is important not only for clinical, professional and military medicine, but also for toxicology, gerontology and genetics. Ultrastructure of the cochlea attracts much attention of electron microscopists, (1―3) but the research lags far behind that of the other parts of the organnism. On the basis of careful microdissection, technical improvment and accurate observation, we have got some new findings which have not been reported in the literature.We collected four cochleas from human corpses. Temporal bones dissected 1 h after death and cochleas perfused with fixatives 4 h after death were good enough in terms of preservation of fine structures. SEM:The apical surface of OHCs (Outer hair cells) and DTs (Deiters cells) is narrower than that of IPs (Inner pillar cells). The mosaic configuration of the reticular membrane is not typical. The stereocilia of IHCs (Inner hair cells) are not uniform and some kinocilia could be seen on the OHCs in adults. The epithelial surface of RM (Reissner’s membrane) is not smooth and no mesh could be seen on the mesothelial surface of RM. TEM.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document