Lingual dermoid cyst with congenital discharging sinus: a rare entity

2012 ◽  
Vol 127 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z Sun ◽  
L Sun ◽  
Y Gao ◽  
X Ma
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
English Language ◽  
Fatty Tissue ◽  
Rare Entity ◽  
Hounsfield Units ◽  
Radiological Features ◽  
Computed Tomography Images ◽  
Attenuation Values ◽  
Congenital Fistula ◽  
Language Literature

AbstractObjective:There have been few reports of lingual dermoid cysts with a congenital discharging fistula. We report such a case, which mimicked lipoma on computed tomography, and we discuss relevant clinical and radiological features.Method:We present a case report and a review of the English language literature concerning lingual dermoid cysts either mimicking lipoma or with a congenital discharging sinus.Results:A 35-year-old man presented with a lingual mass associated with a congenital fistula in the midline of the tongue dorsum, which discharged abnormal secretions. Computed tomography images showed that the lesion was well defined and contained homogeneous fatty tissue giving computed tomography attenuation values of −120 Hounsfield units.Conclusion:Lingual dermoid cysts may develop with a midline discharging fistula, and may exhibit radiological similarity to lipomas on computed tomography.

Minute changes of cerebral parenchymal non-contrast computed tomography attenuation reflect cerebral volume alterations of blood

2021 ◽  
pp. 197140092199898
Author(s):  
Takamitsu Uchizawa
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Cerebral Blood Volume ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Processing Method ◽  
Regional Cerebral Blood ◽  
Hounsfield Units ◽  
Computed Tomography Images ◽  
Regional Cerebral Blood Volume ◽  
Cerebral Parenchyma ◽  
Attenuation Values

Aims Non-infarcted acute cerebral ischaemic areas appear hypo-attenuated on non-contrast narrow-window computed tomography images. We aimed to determine the mechanism underlying minute computed tomography hypo-attenuation and visualise these attenuation changes on non-contrast computed tomography images. Methods The cerebral parenchyma was defined by pixels with attenuation of 20–50 Hounsfield units. We calculated the mean cerebral parenchymal attenuation in non-contrast computed tomography images. We analysed the correlation of complete blood counts with corresponding mean cerebral parenchymal attenuation values using linear regression analysis. Moreover, we developed an image processing method that involved pixel colorisation based on the noise-reduced attenuation value for minute cerebral parenchymal attenuation visualisation. Results Haemoglobin, haematocrit and red blood cell counts positively correlated with mean cerebral parenchymal attenuation values. The cerebral haematocrit is correlated with the blood haematocrit; therefore, cerebral parenchymal attenuation correlated linearly with cerebral haemoglobin concentration. Haemoglobin contents in a pixel partially determine the X-ray absorption dose and attenuation value. Pixel haemoglobin contents are determined by the cerebral volume of blood in a pixel. Image processed computed tomography images reflected cerebral volume of blood and showed the same alterations with regional cerebral blood volume maps of perfusion computed tomography. Conclusions Cerebral parenchymal attenuation correlated with cerebral haemoglobin concentration and cerebral volume of blood. Infarcted cerebral parenchyma shows about 5 Hounsfield units gray matter attenuation decrease. Attenuation decrease by less than 5 Hounsfield units means decreased cerebral volume of blood, indicating a reversible functional change. One cannot recognise minute hypo-attenuation (<5 Hounsfield units) in routine computed tomography images. However, it can be visualised through an image processing method on non-contrast computed tomography images. It may detect pre-infarction cerebral volume of blood and regional cerebral blood volume alterations.

scholarly journals Application of Computed Tomography (CT) Attenuation Values in Diagnosis of Transudate and Exudate in Patients with Pleural Effusion

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (02) ◽  
pp. 19-25
Author(s):  
Keshab Sharma ◽  
PS Lamichhane ◽  
BK Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Pleural Effusion ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Pleural Fluid ◽  
Pleural Effusions ◽  
Hounsfield Units ◽  
Fluid Analysis ◽  
Ct Attenuation ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Attenuation Values

Background: Pleural effusion is the pathologic accumulation of fluid in the pleural space. The fluid analysis yields important diagnostic information, and in certain cases, fluid analysis alone is enough for diagnosis. Analysis of pleural fluid by thoracentesis with imaging guidance helps to determine the cause of pleural effusion. The purpose of this study was to assess the accuracy of computed tomography (CT) in characterizing pleural fluid based on attenuation values and CT appearance. Materials and Methods: This prospective study included 100 patients admitted to Gandaki Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Pokhara, Nepal between January 1, 2017 and February 28, 2018. Patients who were diagnosed with pleural effusion and had a chest CT followed by diagnostic thoracentesis within 48 hours were included in the study. Effusions were classified as exudates or transudates using laboratory biochemistry markers on the basis of Light’s criteria. The mean attenuation values of the pleural effusions were measured in Hounsfield units in all patients using a region of interest with the greatest quantity of fluid. Each CT scan was also reviewed for the presence of additional pleural features. Results: According to Light’s criteria, 26 of 100 patients with pleural effusions had transudates, and the remaining patients had exudates. The mean attenuation of the exudates (16.5 ±1.7 HU; 95% CI, range, -33.4 – 44 HU) was significantly higher than the mean attenuation of the transudates (11.6 ±0.57 HU; 95% CI, range, 5 - 16 HU), (P = 0.0001). None of the additional CT features accurately differentiated exudates from transudates (P = 0.70). Fluid loculation was found in 35.13% of exudates and in 19.23% of transudates. Pleural thickening was found in 29.7% of exudates and in 15.3% of transudates. Pleural nodule was found in 10.8% of exudates which all were related to the malignancy. Conclusion: CT attenuation values may be useful in differentiating exudates from transudates. Exudates had significantly higher Hounsfield units in CT scan. Additional signs, such as fluid loculation, pleural thickness, and pleural nodules were more commonly found in patients with exudative effusions and could be considered and may provide further information for the differentiation.

Osteoblastoma of the nasal septum

2011 ◽  
Vol 125 (10) ◽  
pp. 1062-1066 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Young ◽  
M Dabrowski ◽  
K Brelsford
Keyword(s):  
Nasal Cavity ◽  
Nasal Septum ◽  
English Language ◽  
Ethmoid Sinus ◽  
Rare Entity ◽  
Rare Tumour ◽  
English Language Literature ◽  
History Of ◽  
Benign Osteoblastoma ◽  
Language Literature

AbstractObjectives:To present a case of, and to review the literature concerning, osteoblastoma of the nasal cavity, and to demonstrate the importance of considering this rare entity when assessing patients presenting with a nasal septum lesion.Case report:Benign osteoblastoma is a rare tumour, constituting 1 per cent of all bone tumours. Most cases occur in the long bones. Osteoblastoma involving the nasal cavity is rare, with only 10 reported cases in the English-language literature. Most nasal cavity cases originate from the ethmoid sinus and spread to involve the nasal cavity. There are only four reported cases of osteoblastoma originating from the bones of the nasal cavity. We report a case of osteoblastoma originating from the bony nasal septum in a 45-year-old man with a history of recurrent, right-sided epistaxis and nasal obstruction.Conclusion:This is the second report in the English-language literature of osteoblastoma originating from the bony nasal septum.

Protocol for measurement of liver fat by computed tomography

2006 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
pp. 864-868 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lance E. Davidson ◽  
Jennifer L. Kuk ◽  
Timothy S. Church ◽  
Robert Ross
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Liver Fat ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Ct Image ◽  
Hounsfield Units ◽  
Spleen Tissue ◽  
Routine Measurement ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Attenuation Values

To develop a protocol for measurement of liver fat using computed tomography (CT), we conducted a preliminary study with 118 men and 76 women to determine a readily identifiable vertebral landmark at which the CT image displayed both liver and spleen. Analysis of five landmarks revealed that the CT image obtained at the T12–L1 level simultaneously displayed the liver and spleen in 90% of the men and women. The T12–L1 protocol was cross-validated on a sample of 130 men and 113 women. In this sample, we also assessed the regional characteristics of liver and spleen tissue attenuation at the T12–L1 level by subdividing each image into quartiles from anterior to posterior, each of which were further divided into medial and lateral regions. A similar analysis was performed on images located 12 mm above and below T12–L1. The T12–L1 image displayed both liver and spleen in 92% (403 of 437) of the combined study sample. There was a significant ( P < 0.005) stepwise increase in attenuation values [Hounsfield units (HU)] from the inferior to superior image. Although some significant ( P < 0.05) differences were observed between the eight regions by comparison to the whole liver or spleen, the average magnitude of the difference was <2.0 HU for liver and <3.5 HU for spleen. Acquisition of a single CT image at the T12–L1 level is a practical and reliable method for routine measurement of liver fat in research and clinical settings.

Angiomyolipoma of the Kidney

1988 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 523-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Uhlenbrock ◽  
C. Fischer ◽  
H. K. Beyer
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
High Signal ◽  
Fatty Tissue ◽  
Definite Diagnosis ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Typical Pattern ◽  
Hounsfield Units ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Attenuation Values ◽  
T2 Weighted Images

In six patients with angiomyolipoma of the kidney, five showed a typical pattern in T1, proton and T2 weighted images, with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Angiomyolipoma is recognized by its characteristic fatty tissue components, which result in high signal intensity in T1 and proton weighted images and a low signal in T2 weighted images. Five of the patients were also examined with ultrasonography (US); in four of these, the tumor could be recognized by its echodense pattern. Computed tomography (CT) was slightly less sensitive; three out of six examinations failed to produce a definite diagnosis. Instead of the typical low attenuation values of fat, Hounsfield units similar to either muscle or kidney tissue were observed in these 3 cases. In conclusion, the specific diagnosis of angiomyolipoma depends on the amount of fatty tissue present at MRI, CT, and sonography.

Fetiform Teratoma (Homunculus)

2006 ◽  
Vol 130 (10) ◽  
pp. 1552-1556
Author(s):  
Jason R. Weiss ◽  
Jeanette R. Burgess ◽  
Keith J. Kaplan
Keyword(s):  
Ectopic Pregnancy ◽  
English Language ◽  
English Literature ◽  
Chief Complaint ◽  
Ovarian Teratoma ◽  
Rare Entity ◽  
Rare Form ◽  
Fetus In Fetu ◽  
Fetiform Teratoma ◽  
Language Literature

Abstract Fetiform teratoma (homunculus) is a term that has been given to a rare form of ovarian teratoma that resembles a malformed fetus. There are very few reported cases of this entity in the English language literature. In this report, we document a case of fetiform teratoma in a 23-year-old woman, gravida 0, who initially presented with a chief complaint of dyspareunia. The clinical and pathologic aspects of this rare entity are presented here, with a review of the English literature. Differentiating fetiform teratoma from the more highly developed fetus-in-fetu and ectopic pregnancy is also discussed.

Lingual Osseous Choristoma: A Study of Eight Cases and Review of the Literature

1998 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 316-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pakpoom Supiyaphun ◽  
Pichet Sampatanakul ◽  
Virachai Kerekhanjanarong ◽  
Prasit Chawakitchareon ◽  
Veerapong Sastarasadhit
Keyword(s):  
Normal Tissue ◽  
English Language ◽  
Rare Entity ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
The Third ◽  
Simple Excision ◽  
English Language Literature ◽  
Circumvallate Papillae ◽  
Language Literature

A choristoma is a tumor-like mass of normal tissue in an “abnormal” location. Lingual osseous choristoma, previously known as osteoma of the tongue, is a rare entity: we found documentation of eight cases at our center during the 10-year period between 1987 and 1996. These cases were analyzed along with 50 others reported in the English language literature between 1913 and 1996. Lingual osseous choristoma frequently occurs during the third and fourth decades of life, and predominantly affects women (81 %). Most of the osseous choristomas in our review were located in the posterior third of the tongue, primarily at or close to the foramen cecum or circumvallate papillae (87.9%). While 39.7% of the patients were asymptomatic, the remaining patients complicated of symptoms including a lump in the throat (25.8%), dysphagia (6.9%), gagging (5.1%), nausea (3.4%) and irritation (3.4%). Treatment of lingual osseous choristoma consists of simple excision. The tumor's origin has been discussed elsewhere.

Attenuation of skeletal muscle and strength in the elderly: The Health ABC Study

2001 ◽  
Vol 90 (6) ◽  
pp. 2157-2165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bret H. Goodpaster ◽  
Catherine L. Carlson ◽  
Marjolein Visser ◽  
David E. Kelley ◽  
Ann Scherzinger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Attenuation Coefficient ◽  
Specific Force ◽  
Hounsfield Units ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Muscle Attenuation ◽  
Attenuation Values

Although loss of muscle mass is considered a cause of diminished muscle strength with aging, little is known regarding whether composition of aging muscle affects strength. The skeletal muscle attenuation coefficient, as determined by computed tomography, is a noninvasive measure of muscle density, and lower values reflect increased muscle lipid content. This investigation examined the hypothesis that lower values for muscle attenuation are associated with lower voluntary isokinetic knee extensor strength at 60°/s in 2,627 men and women aged 70–79 yr participating in baseline studies of the Health ABC Study, a longitudinal study of health, aging, and body composition. Strength was higher in men than in women (132.3 ± 34.5 vs. 81.4 ± 22.0 N · m, P < 0.01). Men had greater muscle attenuation values (37.3 ± 6.5 vs. 34.7 ± 7.0 Hounsfield units) and muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) at the midthigh than women (132.7 ± 22.4 vs. 93.3 ± 17.5 cm2, P < 0.01 for both). The strength per muscle CSA (specific force) was also higher in men (1.00 ± 0.21 vs. 0.88 ± 0.21 N · m · cm−2). The attenuation coefficient was significantly lower for hamstrings than for quadriceps (28.7 ± 8.7 vs. 41.1 ± 6.9 Hounsfield units, P < 0.01). Midthigh muscle attenuation values were lowest ( P < 0.01) in the eldest men and women and were negatively associated with total body fat ( r = −0.53, P < 0.01). Higher muscle attenuation values were also associated with greater specific force production ( r = 0.26, P < 0.01). Multivariate regression analysis revealed that the attenuation coefficient of muscle was independently associated with muscle strength after adjustment for muscle CSA and midthigh adipose tissue in men and women. These results demonstrate that the attenuation values of muscle on computed tomography in older persons can account for differences in muscle strength not attributed to muscle quantity.

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