Population, Labour Force, and Economic Growth

1973 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 591-609
Author(s):  
James Pickett
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Income Distribution ◽  
Academic Writing ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Development Studies ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Strong Concern

No question is currently more topical in development studies than that of employment. This strong concern, which has been linked to income distribution and continuing poverty, as well as more-or-less open unemployment1, is relatively recent in origin. It has generated a number of missions to developing countries by the I.L.O., seen the design (by the same international organisation) of a world employment programme, and given rise to much academic writing. One mildly puzzling feature is that many policies have been prescribed on very limited data.

scholarly journals Economic Growth and Income Inequality in Developing Countries

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 79-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morteza Nemati ◽  
Ghasem Raisi
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Income Distribution ◽  
Economic System ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Poverty Eradication ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Selection Of

Nowadays, improvement in income distribution and poverty eradication and hence low inequality are served as the main objectives of economic and social development strategy even prior than primary tasks of governments. to manifest importance of income distribution, some economists adopt income inequality and income distribution in society as criteria for economic system of the community, although these criteria and measures are theoretical for the economic system and this varies from the perspective of different people, however, it denotes on  importance of income distribution among individuals. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of economic growth on income inequality in the selection of low-income developing countries.To this end, using panel data and data for 28 developing countries over the period 1990-2010 the relationship between GDP and the Gini coefficient was examined. The results indicate that as per hypothesis Kuznets in the early stages of growth, income inequality increases and then it declines in later stage.

Prospects for Employment Opportunities in the 1970s

1971 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 283-291
Author(s):  
Archibald Callaway
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Employment Opportunities ◽  
Cambridge University ◽  
Development Committee ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Distribution Of Income ◽  
Overseas Development ◽  
Key Questions

Unemployment – and underemployment – of large proportions of the labour force is a central factor in almost all of today's developing countries. For many, this situation has steadily worsened despite the achievement during the last decade of relatively high rates of economic growth. Poverty and malaise characterise wide areas of the countryside as well as large sectors of major cities. These problems were explored by the eighth in the series of international conferences on development, sponsored by Cambridge University Overseas Development Committee. Key questions were posed: What are the facts of unemployment and underemployment? What are its causes? What measures should be taken to generate more employment opportunities and to reduce, simultaneously, the more glaring inequalities in the distribution of income?

scholarly journals Mass Poverty in Pakistan: Some Preliminary Findings

1973 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 317-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Naseem
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Income Distribution ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
Present Author ◽  
Growth Strategy ◽  
The Political ◽  
Economic Conference ◽  
Political Demand ◽  
Future Growth

The disillusionment of many developing countries with past policies which paid exclusive attention to the rate of growth has, in recent years, led to a some¬what belated interest in the problems of unemployment, income distribution and mass poverty. Pakistan/perhaps, has the unique, if dubious, distinction of being one of the first developing countries both to adopt and, later, to reject growthmanship as a national creed.1 Although serious doubts about the assumptions and implications of the official strategy of economic growth in Pakistan began to be expressed in 1968, the issues were clouded by the political demand for the autonomy, and later the separation of the eastern wing of the country. At the recent Pakistan Economic Conference, held in February 1973, some of the basic issues of Pakistan's development strategy were discussed hi detail in various papers [1], [7], [14], [25]. The focus of these papers was on income distribution and employment and their implications for the future growth strategy. The present author in his paper [14] at the Conference, presented some tentative estimates of mass poverty and unemployment in West Pakistan. The present paper is designed to give more systematic estimates of the extent of mass poverty in Pakistan.

Redistribution with Growth: Policies to Improve Income Distribution in Developing Countries in the Context of Economic Growth.

1975 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 610
Author(s):  
Philip Musgrove ◽  
Hollis Chenery ◽  
Montek S. Ahluwalia ◽  
C. L. G. Bell ◽  
John H. Duloy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Income Distribution

scholarly journals Investigating Energy Use, Environment Pollution, and Economic Growth in Developing Countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 275-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hooman Abdollahi
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Trade Openness ◽  
Environment Pollution ◽  
Bidirectional Relationship

AbstractAttaining continuous economic growth entails special consideration of energy sector and the environment. Compliance with this purpose may be more intricate in the uncertain milieu of developing countries. The present paper examines the nature of causality between energy consumption, environment pollution, and economic growth in 8 contiguous developing countries, considering GDP per capita, CO2 emissions, energy use, labour force, total population, urban population, capital formation, financial development, and trade openness. The author applied spatial simultaneous equations for random effects panel data to investigate the spatial interactions of adjacent countries over the period from 1998 to 2011. The findings reveal that energy consumption, environment degradation, and economic growth of a country influence those of its neighbours. Additionally, the results document bidirectional causal relationship between economic growth and environment pollution, as well as between environment pollution and energy consumption. Thus, there is a bidirectional relationship between energy use and economic growth. Fossil fuels replacement with renewable energy and usage of tax instruments to reduce greenhouse gas are recommended.

scholarly journals Governance and Income Inequality

2006 ◽  
Vol 45 (4II) ◽  
pp. 751-760 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saima Shafique ◽  
Rashida Haq
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Economic Policy ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Income Distribution ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Low Level ◽  
The Poor

Major problems of developing countries are unequal income distribution and low growth rate, which affect their welfare aspects. It was implicitly assumed that whenever we achieve target of higher growth rate, benefit of growth would automatically trickle down to the poor. History of developing countries shows that the rich benefited more than the poor as evidenced by rising income inequality during the period of higher economic growth. The economic policy changes are often triggered by the logic of low level of equilibrium of output level, employment and income distribution. To overcome this low level of equilibrium trap, government often adopt polices so as to achieve high level of income and employment growth and development, and equitable income distribution. Coherent policy instruments are essential to meet these policy targets. Impact of any macro economic policy has been examined by studying its impact on economic growth and income distribution. In recent years polices have been directed toward reducing the level of poverty and inequality through raising quality of life in society by providing efficient and effective governance. This new economic philosophy has resulted in a massive change in the policy orientation of countries; the priority is now centred on issue of governance and focus is now shifted towards a qualitative nature of its growth and development. According to Sen (1983), the realisation of human capabilities, that enlarge the range of human choices, is essential for a broader notion and measure of economic well-being. The institutional frame work is then considered as one of the essential elements for translating growth and well-being into a sustainable process.

scholarly journals Educational Gender Gap, Economic Growth and Income Distribution: An Empirical Study of the Interrelationship in Cameroon

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 168
Author(s):  
Dobdinga C. Fonchamnyo ◽  
Nubonyin Hilda Fokong
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Income Distribution ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Trade Openness ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Theil Index

This study aimed at investigating the interrelationship existing between educational gender gap, economic growth and income distribution in Cameroon using time series data from 1970 to 2014 obtained from the World Bank Development indicators and University of Texas inequality project. For estimation, the three stage least square regression technique was employed to estimate the parameters of the system of equations. The econometrics results showed that, educational gender gap had a positive and significant effect on economic growth, while increase in income inequality deters growth in Cameroon. The results also revealed that the theil index of income inequality negatively and significantly affect the educational gender gap, while the proportion of female teachers in the labour force and trade openness had a positive influence on the educational gender gap. Based on the findings, it is recommended that policymakers should focus on socio-economic policies apt to reduce educational gender gap and income inequality and at promoting economic growth.

scholarly journals Trends in Inequality and Welfare in Consumption Expenditure: The Case of Pakistan

1998 ◽  
Vol 37 (4II) ◽  
pp. 765-779
Author(s):  
Rashida Haq
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Income Distribution ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Consumption Expenditure ◽  
Growth Strategies ◽  
The Past ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Distribution Studies

Economic growth is important, but at the same time it loses its importance if nothing trickles down to the poor. One of the frequent heard arguments against growth strategies is that it benefits only the comparatively well off segment of the society. This means that the concomitant of economic growth is more skewed income distribution. Growth and equity should be solved subsequently or in some cases simultaneously, otherwise these countries are exposed to disaster [Hirschman (1973)]. The surge for income distribution studies both in developed and developing countries has, however, been caused by different reasons. In a developed nation, a high economic growth, in terms of GNP per capita and the introduction of the concept of a welfare state necessitated a widespread debate on income inequality and relative poverty issues. In the developing countries, failure to achieve sustainable high growth rates and disappointment from the pursuit of growth-led macro-economic policies in the past decade has surfaced a need to conduct income distribution studies and policies.

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