Débrouillardise: certifying ‘conflict-free’ minerals in a context of regulatory pluralism in South Kivu, DR Congo

2015 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Müller-Koné
Keyword(s):  
Gold Mining ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Transnational Governance ◽  
Mining Sites ◽  
Republic Of The Congo ◽  
South Kivu ◽  
Rule Systems ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Free Status

AbstractThis article explores the relationship between transnational governance initiatives for ‘conflict-free’ certification in the eastern provinces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) and the regulatory pluralism one finds on the ground. Efforts in certifying artisanal gold mining are scrutinised by analysing how three different gold mining sites in the DRC's South Kivu province are governed. Most artisanal mining in the DRC is usually referred to as ‘informal’ – a term associated with non-state actors. Instead, the article introduces the idea of a mode of governing that follows the principle of ‘débrouillardise’, which combines different rule systems and state and non-state regulators. It argues that ‘conflict-free’ governance will need to improvise viaad hocagreements on the legal status of mining sites among state authorities, economic actors and international monitors. The act of declaring mining sites legal will provide for the semblance of a ‘conflict-free’ status and a unitary state system of rule, while in practice, the plurality of regulatory authority will not be reversed.

scholarly journals Spatializing Social Change: Artisanal and Small-Scale Gold Mining in Upper Guinea

2021 ◽  
pp. 213-235
Author(s):  
Anna Dessertine
Keyword(s):  
Social Change ◽  
Gold Mining ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
Spatial Perspective ◽  
Mining Sites ◽  
Spatial Framework ◽  
Industrial Companies ◽  
Masculine Behavior ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThis chapter proposes a spatial perspective on the analysis of social change in the making via a study of artisanal and small-scale gold-mining sites in Guinea based on twenty-two months of fieldwork between 2011 and 2019 in the region of Upper Guinea, where increasing numbers of inhabitants have been circulating between artisanal and small-scale mining sites to search for gold since the price of gold rose between 2008 and 2012. The chapter starts by discussing artisanal and small-scale mining spaces through the notion of hotspots of transition, insisting on their liminal character. This liminality is analyzed as a spatial framework in which new opportunities emerge regarding gender—women’s adoption of what is considered masculine behavior, for instance—and where instantaneity is more privileged than continuity in some actions, such as those associated with consumption. More generally, it shows how the potential for change in artisanal and small-scale mining spaces is closely linked to their ephemeral nature. The relationship between space and temporality is more explicitly discussed in the second part of the chapter, which explores how the ephemerality of artisanal and small-scale mining spaces has recently been challenged by the Guinean government’s move to control mining mobility and fix mining sites spatially by delimiting legal mining territories. Since 2015–2016, multiple military operations have been conducted to expel miners from land for which the Guinean State has given industrial companies legal permits to prospect for and mine gold. This part of the chapter analyzes the socio-spatial consequences of this situation and shows that perceptions of time and of social change are constructed by the forms that space take.

ADMINISTRATIVE AND LEGAL STATUS OF THE CAPITAL OF UKRAINE - THE HERO CITY OF KYIV AS A GUARANTEE OF THE RIGHTS OF CITIZENS OF UKRAINE AND THE TERRITORIAL COMMUNITY OF THE CITY

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oleksii Chepov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Legal Status ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Legal Regime ◽  
Legal Doctrine ◽  
City Councils ◽  
The Social ◽  
District Management ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City

The qualitative and clear definition of the legal regime of the capital of Ukraine, the hero city of Kyiv, is influenced by its legislative enshrinement, however, it should be noted that discussions are ongoing and one of the reasons for the unclear legal status of the capital is the ambiguity of current legislation in this area. Separation of the functions of the city of Kyiv, which are carried out to ensure the rights of citizens of Ukraine and the functions that guarantee the rights of the territorial community of the city of Kyiv. In the modern world, in legal doctrine and practice, the capital is understood as the capital of the country, which at the legislative level received this status and, accordingly, is the administrative and political center of the state, which houses the main state bodies and diplomatic missions of other states. It is the identification of the boundaries of the relationship between the competencies of state administrations and local self-government, in practice, often raises questions about their delimitation and ways of regulatory solution. Peculiarities of local self-government in Kyiv city districts are defined in the provisions of the Law on the Capital, which reveal the norms of the Constitution in these legal relations, according to which the issue of organizing district management in cities belongs to city councils. Likewise, it is unregulated by law to lose the particularity of the legal status of the territory of the city. It should be emphasized that the subject of administrative-legal relations is not a certain administrative-territorial entity, but the social group is designated - the territorial community of the city of Kiev, kiyani. Thus, the provisions on the city of Kyiv partially ignore the potential of the territorial community.

“The Old Settlers Have Bred a Great Quantity of Slaves”

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine Paugh
Keyword(s):  
Legal Status ◽  
Legal Case ◽  
The World ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Status Of Women

The prospect of legalizing Afro-Caribbean marriage in order to promote fertility raised troubling issues for abolitionist reformers. The previously obscure legal case of Mary Hylas illustrates the legal quagmire created by the uncertain legal status of women who were both married and enslaved. Mary was an enslaved Afro-Barbadian woman who traveled to England with her mistress; while there, she married an Afro-Caribbean man. After her return to Barbados, Mary’s husband sued for her return on the basis that, as her husband, he had greater claim to her person than her master. This case, and the closely related Somerset case, resulted in a legal fracas in which abolitionist and pro-planter lawyers each struggled to define the relationship between marriage and slavery. Mary’s story thus allows us to think more deeply about the world of problems that British reformers faced as they contemplated promoting fertility among the enslaved by encouraging Christian marriage.

scholarly journals Adolescent impulsiveness and use of alcohol and tobacco

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 371-382
Author(s):  
Mª del Carmen Pérez-Fuentes ◽  
José J. Gázquez ◽  
Mª del Mar Molero ◽  
Fernando Cardila ◽  
África Martos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Intervention Program ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
The State ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Frequency Of Use ◽  
The Relationship

Adolescence is characterized by premature experimentation with new experiences and sensations. These experiences sometimes include drugs, which even though legal and socially accepted, begin to have noticeable negative consequences to the adolescent’s development. In recent years, a decrease in use of tobacco by Spanish adolescents has been observed, but not in alcohol. One of the causes of initiation in drug use is impulsive personality or behavior. Thus the purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between impulsiveness and frequency of use of alcohol and tobacco in 822 students aged 13 to 18 years of age. The State Impulsivity Scale (SIS) and an ad hoc questionnaire on demographic characteristics and use of alcohol and tobacco were used for this. The results showed that students who stated they were users scored significantly higher on impulsivity. Thus detailed analysis of the profile of individuals with this risk factor could favor more adequate intervention program design.

scholarly journals From parametric trace slicing to rule systems

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giles Reger ◽  
David Rydeheard
Keyword(s):  
Runtime Verification ◽  
Specification Languages ◽  
Execution Traces ◽  
Running System ◽  
Proof Of Correctness ◽  
Rule Systems ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Specification Techniques ◽  
Previous Conference

AbstractParametric runtime verification is the process of verifying properties of execution traces of (data carrying) events produced by a running system. This paper continues our work exploring the relationship between specification techniques for parametric runtime verification. Here we consider the correspondence between trace-slicing automata-based approaches and rule systems. The main contribution is a translation from quantified automata to rule systems, which has been implemented in Scala. This then allows us to highlight the key differences in how the two formalisms handle data, an important step in our wider effort to understand the correspondence between different specification languages for parametric runtime verification. This paper extends a previous conference version of this paper with further examples, a proof of correctness, and an optimisation based on a notion of redundancy observed during the development of the translation.

Ethnicity as inclusion and exclusion

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (8) ◽  
pp. 1262-1269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel F. Baskerville ◽  
Kerry Jacobs ◽  
Vassili Joannides de Lautour ◽  
Jeff Sissons
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Cultural Perspective ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Culture Theory ◽  
Grid And Group ◽  
Group Culture ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Accounting Research ◽  
Mary Douglas ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose Accounting research has struggled with how ethnicity is to be understood in relation to concepts such as nation and nationality and how ethnicity may impact on accounting and auditing practices, behaviours, education and professional values. These themes are explored and developed in the papers presented in this special issue. In particular, the purpose of this paper is to explore the contrasting theoretical and methodological approaches reflected by the papers in the issue. Design/methodology/approach This is a reflective and analytical paper which explores how notions of ethnicity are conceived and operationalised in accounting research. The authors identified two distinctive analytic ordering processes evident within this AAAJ Special issue: Mary Douglas’ scheme of Grid and Group and the Pierre Bourdieu’s conceptual tools of field, capital and habitus. Findings The “Grid and Group” Culture Theory with Bourdieu’s theoretical tools evident in the papers provide powerful tools to explore the relationship between ethnicity and accounting both conceptually and empirically, suggesting that ethnicity can be deployed to reveal and challenge institutionalised racism. This paper highlights the potential to integrate elements of the “Grid and Group” Culture Theory and Bourdieu’s theoretical tools. The issue of ethnicity and the relationship between ethnicity and accounting should be more fruitfully explored in future. Research limitations/implications The authors acknowledge the challenges and limitations of discussing the issue of ethnicity from any particular cultural perspective and recognise the implicit dominance of White Anglo centric perspectives within accounting research. Originality/value The papers presented in the special issue illustrate that the issue of ethnicity is complex and difficult to operationalise. This paper highlights the potential to move beyond the ad hoc application of theoretical and methodological concepts to operationalise coherent concepts which challenge and extend the authors’ understanding of accounting as a social and contextual practice. But to achieve this it is necessary to more clearly integrate theory, methodology, method and critique.

scholarly journals The Association between Dating Apps and Alcohol Consumption in an Italian Sample of Active Users, Former Users, and Non-Users

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 249
Author(s):  
Luca Flesia ◽  
Valentina Fietta ◽  
Carlo Foresta ◽  
Merylin Monaro
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dating Apps ◽  
Regular Consumption ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Relationship

To date, the relationship between alcohol use and dating app use has been investigated mostly in conjunction with sexual activities and in homosexual men. For this reason, the aim of this study was to explore the association between dating app use and alcohol consumption among the general population. A cross-sectional study was conducted including app users, non-users, and former users: 1278 respondents completed an online ad hoc questionnaire assessing dating app use, motivations for installing dating apps, alcohol use, and demographics. Multiple logistic regression analysis was run to investigate the association between dating app use, demographic features, and alcohol consumption. Whereas educational level, age, and gender significantly contributed to the regular consumption of alcohol, dating app use did not account for a significant amount of variance between regular and not regular drinkers. However, people who installed and used dating apps with the motivation of searching for sexual partners were more likely to be regular drinkers. Among the active users, heavy app users were less likely to drink regularly. The study indicates that underlying factors (sexual aspects, motives for using the apps) and the intensity of using the apps may mediate the relationship between dating app use and alcohol use.

Updated "state-society contract" as a way to rationalization of national projects in Russia

2021 ◽  
pp. 7-14
Author(s):  
T.I. Grabelnykh ◽  
◽  
N.A. Sablina ◽  
A.N. Parkhomenko
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Administration System ◽  
Public Control ◽  
The Public ◽  
State And Society ◽  
Conceptual Foundations ◽  
The Relationship

Researched are systemic aspects of the process of implementing national projects in Russia. Attention is focused on effectiveness of solving key problems of development of the public administration system in the context of the relationship between the state and society under modern conditions. The institution of public control in Russia is characterized through prerequisites of formation, organizational and legal status and main functions. The work defines the place and role of the institution of public opinion in the system of public administration and public control, substantiates its regulatory mechanisms, factors and agents of influence. In the aspect of systemic relationship between public administration and public control, the specificity of implementation of national projects in the transforming Russian society is revealed. A sociological vision of the “reset” of conceptual foundations of interrelationships between the public administration system and the institution of public control both at the stage of “entering” the space of national projects and in the process of their implementation is presented. It has been proved, that at the present stage the main integrating factor is consolidation of society through an updated "state-society contract". The analysis of historical and modern practices of public participation made it possible to draw a conclusion about the increase in the function of “co-management” of public control bodies in the interaction of state and public structures.

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