scholarly journals Adolescent impulsiveness and use of alcohol and tobacco

Author(s):  
Mª del Carmen Pérez-Fuentes ◽  
José J. Gázquez ◽  
Mª del Mar Molero ◽  
Fernando Cardila ◽  
África Martos ◽  
...  

Adolescence is characterized by premature experimentation with new experiences and sensations. These experiences sometimes include drugs, which even though legal and socially accepted, begin to have noticeable negative consequences to the adolescent’s development. In recent years, a decrease in use of tobacco by Spanish adolescents has been observed, but not in alcohol. One of the causes of initiation in drug use is impulsive personality or behavior. Thus the purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between impulsiveness and frequency of use of alcohol and tobacco in 822 students aged 13 to 18 years of age. The State Impulsivity Scale (SIS) and an ad hoc questionnaire on demographic characteristics and use of alcohol and tobacco were used for this. The results showed that students who stated they were users scored significantly higher on impulsivity. Thus detailed analysis of the profile of individuals with this risk factor could favor more adequate intervention program design.

Author(s):  
Mª del Carmen Pérez-Fuentes ◽  
José J. Gázquez ◽  
Mª del Mar Molero ◽  
Fernando Cardila ◽  
África Martos ◽  
...  

Adolescence is characterized by premature experimentation with new experiences and sensations. These experiences sometimes include drugs, which even though legal and socially accepted, begin to have noticeable negative consequences to the adolescent’s development. In recent years, a decrease in use of tobacco by Spanish adolescents has been observed, but not in alcohol. One of the causes of initiation in drug use is impulsive personality or behavior. Thus the purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between impulsiveness and frequency of use of alcohol and tobacco in 822 students aged 13 to 18 years of age. The State Impulsivity Scale (SIS) and an ad hoc questionnaire on demographic characteristics and use of alcohol and tobacco were used for this. The results showed that students who stated they were users scored significantly higher on impulsivity. Thus detailed analysis of the profile of individuals with this risk factor could favor more adequate intervention program design.


2021 ◽  
pp. 42-65
Author(s):  
Yu. A. Griber

The results of a comprehensive study of color names derived from the names of colored stones in the system of color names of the modern Russian language are presented in the article. The research was conducted in 2018-2020 in two stages using the methods of content analysis and an online psycholinguistic experiment. At the first stage, the state of the semantic group of names of colored stones, potential objects-referents of color names, was assessed by analyzing four different groups of sources: specialized dictionaries of colored stones, dictionaries of color, individual author's dictionaries of color names and explanatory dictionaries of the modern Russian language. At the second stage, the state of the color terms formed from the names of colored stones in the active vocabulary of modern Russian speakers was investigated on the basis of data from an online psycholinguistic experiment, in which 2,457 people aged 16 to 95 took part. The results of a comparative analysis of the lists of colored stones-prototypes of color names in the passive and active dictionaries of the speakers of the modern Russian language are presented. The scope of denotation and the function of color names derived from the names of colored stones are considered. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the derivative productivity of the names of referent objects of the studied class and the frequency of use of individual color names in the responses of Russian speakers with different socio-demographic characteristics (gender, age, professional experience).


Obraz ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (32) ◽  
pp. 147-154
Author(s):  
Oksana Pochapska

Introduction. Up to date, the situation in the Ukrainian media space has not changed dramatically from the Soviet Period. This gives wide possibilities for variations to manipulate the minds of the audience, a large part of which is made up of people of 55 years of age who are accustomed to reading and trusting the press. Accordingly, the study of the relationship between the audience’s trust in the journalistic publication and the manner of presenting news of the specified category of the population will enable to form ways of introducing media literacy for different categories of society, which is relevant today. Significance and purpose. In our study, we analyze the reactions of this audience as it is the part of the active population that in one way or another influences the formation of conscious perception of the surrounding reality of modern youth. The purpose of the study is to research the relationship between the stylistic marking of the text and the audience’s confidence in the information presented in the publication (based on the analysis of regional periodicals 1943-1960). Research methods. During the study such methods as surveys (oral and online surveys) were used to examine the audience’s response to texts of different styles, content analysis, which analyzed the frequency of use of satirical-humorous genres, stylistically labeled vocabulary and religious imagery for criticism/condemnation of those people or phenomena that did not fit into the criteria of the USSR; genre, stylistic and semantic analysis. Results. The analysis of the period 1943-1960 showed that in the newspaper “low” style was used to ridicule those who did not fit into the Soviet system of vision of the state and citizens in the state. As a result, a population of 55+ (experimentally confirmed) formed a well-founded distrust of information presented in a satirical form. This makes it possible to predict the effectiveness and efficiency of journalistic materials. Conclusion. Selected publications analyzed that the Soviet print periodicals clearly distinguished the manner of presenting information about the so-called «positive» and «negative» heroes. At the same time, the survey revealed a tendency of public confidence in the information that does not contain stylistically marked vocabulary. Accordingly, we can say that stylistic marking of the text is one of the methods of manipulation of public opinion. Prospective for further research. Studying the peculiarities of the perception of newspaper texts by different categories of the population is a prospect for further research. Keywords: newspaper, stylistic marking, manipulation, consciousness, audience.


2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (Extra-E) ◽  
pp. 650-660
Author(s):  
Iryna Kychko ◽  
Halyna Samiilenko ◽  
Veronika Khudolei ◽  
Nataliia Bondar ◽  
Yurii Kravchyk

The article investigates the risks of transforming labour relations in Ukraine under the influence of digitalization processes. The relationship of the digital economy with the processes taking place in the social and labour sphere is substantiated, its impact on the state of the labor market is assessed. Positive effects of automation application are affected, and the negative consequences of digitalization in the HR sphere. The risks of rotors and employees are addressed by the issues of the impact of digital technologies and automation on social and labour relations. It is argued that in the context of increasing remote, remote work, the work rings to comply with the principle of permanence. Works become inherent in the principles of episodicity, individualism. It is determined that the result of episodic labour relations may be the risk of non-payment of taxes on the income of workers, non-receipt of funds to the budget, loss of a significant part of taxes received from the incomes of the population, and therefore - a decrease in the base of financing social functions of the state.


2018 ◽  
pp. 101
Author(s):  
Miguel Acuña García

ResumenLas resoluciones de jornadas excepcionales son una facultad conferida por ley al Director del Trabajo, según el artículo 38 inciso 6º y 7º del Código del ramo, las que deben ser resueltas previa solicitud de los interesados. Sin embargo, existen algunas faenas mineras que se sitúan por sobre los 3.000 m. de altitud, estableciendo esta condición por sí misma, un factor de riesgo bastante serio de estimar a la hora de resolver dichas peticiones, puesto que la exposición permanente al trabajo sobre esta altura geográfca no sólo acarrea múltiples consecuencias negativas para la salud de los trabajadores que las desarrollan, sino que colateralmente se ve afectada la pervivencia de su propio grupo familiar, por el distanciamiento que ellas implican. El presente estudio tiene como principal motivación establecer un análisis crítico de las señaladas resoluciones tanto desde una perspectiva legal como constitucional, ya que sin duda que el autorizar trabajos en la altura señalada con permanencias superior a los diez días continuos de labores, puede signifcar no sólo una vulneración a derechos tan básicos como lo son la integridad física y psíquica de los trabajadores que las ejecutan, sino que incluso resulta un verdadero atentado a la pervivencia de su propio grupo familiar, lo que a todas luces es contradictorio con lo que el Estado debe resguardar.Palabras clave: Facultad discrecional- jornada excepcional- altitud geográfca- vulneración.ResumoAs resoluções de jornadas excepcionais são uma faculdade concedida por lei ao Diretor do Trabalho, segundo o artigo 38.º, inciso 6° e 7° do Código do ramo, as quais devem ser resolvidas previa solicitude dos interessados. No entanto, existem algumas fainas mineiras que estão acima dos 3.000 m. de altitude, defnindo esta condição por si só, um fator de risco muito sério de estimar na hora de resolver ditos pedidos, posto que a exposiçãopermanente ao trabalho sobre esta altura geográfca não só traz muitas consequências negativas para a saúde dos trabalhadores que as desenvolvem, mas colateralmente afeta a sobrevivência de seu próprio grupo familiar, pelo distanciamento que elas implicam. O presente estudo tem como principal motivação estabelecer uma análise crítica das resoluções tanto desde uma perspectiva legal como constitucional, pois sem dúvida, que o trabalho sem autorizar na altura sinalada com permanência superior aos dez dias consecutivos de estadias de trabalho, pode signifcar não só uma vulneração aos direitos básicos como são a integridade física e mental dos trabalhadores que as executam, mas também resulta ser verdadeiro ataque à sobrevivência de seu própriogrupo familiar, o que se contradiz claramente com aquilo que o Estado deve proteger.Palavras-chave: Faculdade discricional, jornada excepcional, altitude geográfca, vulneração. AbstractResolutions of exceptional working days are a power conferred by law to the Director of Labor, according to article 38, paragraph 6 and 7 of the Labor Code, which must be resolved upon request of the interested parties. However, there are some mining works that are located above 3.000 m. of altitude, and this condition establishes by itself, a quite serious risk factor to account when solving such requests, since permanent exposure to working on such geographical height not only carries multiple negative consequences for the health of workers that develop them, but collaterally affects the survival of their own family group, because of the distance they imply. This study has as main motivation the establishment of a critical analysis of the aforementioned resolutions from both legal andconstitutional perspective, since, without a doubt, authorizing work at the indicated heights, with staying longer than ten continuous days of work may involve not only a violation of rights as basic as the physical and mental integrity of the workers who execute them, but it may even result in a true attack to the survival of their own family group, which is clearly contradictory to what the State must protect.Keywords: Discretionary faculty - exceptional day - geographical altitude - violation.


Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1644
Author(s):  
Deena Khalil

This article explores the relationship between informality and water infrastructure in informal areas in Egypt. I apply three concepts drawn from the wider literatures on state power and governance: Topological power, flexible governing, and the “statization” of urban space. I find that infrastructure has functioned as one of the main instruments through which the state is produced or “effected” in the daily lives of residents. Due to this, examining the governance of water infrastructure in informal areas exposes the Egyptian state’s “flexibility” and the uneven nature of its power. I argue that this flexibility is a result of the ad hoc nature of power in governance and the uneven quality of the state’s authority and reach. This flexibility creates a waterscape constituted by overlapping infrastructures, practices, and actors, making traditional binaries such as public–private and formal–informal meaningless. However, I find that in Egypt’s post-Arab-Spring era, the state has been seeking ways to effect its presence more strongly within informal areas, and one of the ways in which it has been doing so is by incorporating “informal” users into the “formal” public water supply and allowing/forcing them to pay for water. I argue that this accommodation of informality is a way to increase the statization of informal areas, while also charging them for water usage. In this way, I find that the state’s flexibility allows it to benefit from informality without having to actually “formalise” the neighbourhoods themselves or address the underlying causes of why they are labelled as informal.


2010 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 389-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sérgio Henrique Nascente Costa ◽  
Luiz Carlos da Cunha ◽  
Maurício Yonamine ◽  
Liuba Laxor Pucci ◽  
Fernando Gomes Ferreira Oliveira ◽  
...  

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of psychotropic drug use among military police officers in the state of Goiás, Brazil. METHOD: Study carried out at twelve military police units located in the municipalities of Goiânia and Aparecida de Goiânia between March to October 2008. Volunteers (n = 221) were interviewed about drug use using a questionnaire especially designed by the Centro Brasileiro de Informações sobre Drogas Psicotrópicas (CEBRID). Descriptive statistics was used to determine the prevalence of licit and illicit drug use in the study sample. RESULTS: The frequency of use was divided into: 1) lifetime use: tobacco - 39.9%, alcohol - 87.8%, cannabis - 8.1%, cocaine - 1.8%, stimulants - 7.2%, solvents - 10.0%, sedatives, anxiolytics, antidepressants - 6.8%, LSD - 0.5%, Bentyl® - 0.5%, anabolic steroids - 5.4%; 2) use in the previous year: tobacco - 15.4%, alcohol - 72.9%, stimulants - 6.3%, solvents - 0.5%, sedatives, anxiolytics, antidepressants - 3.7%; 3) use in the previous 30 days: tobacco - 14.5%, alcohol - 57.5%, stimulants - 5.0%, solvents - 0.5, sedatives, anxiolytics, antidepressants - 3.7%. CONCLUSION: The high prevalence rate of psychotropic drug use found amoung military police officers in two cities of the state of Goiás in Brazil can be considered an important factor with potential influence on job activities.


Author(s):  
Sonya B. Norman ◽  
Erin Harrop ◽  
Kendall C. Wilkins ◽  
Eric R. Pedersen ◽  
Ursula S. Myers ◽  
...  

Sexual relationship development in adolescence can be affected by substance use. Substance use and risky sexual behavior frequently co-occur, and their co-occurrence is associated with short- and long-term negative consequences. The relationship appears to be bidirectional in nature, with substance use acting as a risk factor for risky sexual behavior and risky sexual behavior acting as a risk factor for substance use. Proposed mechanisms to explain this relationship include personality traits such as impulsivity or sensation-seeking tendencies, expectancies about how substances will affect sexual experiences, and effects of media messages that normalize substance use and sexual behavior for adolescents. Peer influence, family factors, and a constellation of problem behaviors that reinforce one another can also play a role. However, there are no integrative models to explain the relationship between substance use and sexual relationship development.


1993 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 375-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chudley E. Werch ◽  
Betty W. Meers ◽  
Joan Farrell

The purpose of this study was to examine the stages of drug use acquisition among college students, and the relationship between stage status and motivation to avoid drugs and the frequency of drug use. Six hundred and sixty-nine students from a mid-size public university were selected to participate in the survey. College students were found to differ with regard to their stage of habit acquisition across five drugs. Stage status for a particular drug was associated with motivation to avoid that drug, with less motivation generally being related to greater stage advancement. Stage of acquisition for certain drugs was also found to be related to the frequency of use of other drugs, with alcohol and marijuana stage status being associated with the consumption of the greatest number of drugs. These results suggest that an acquisition stage heuristic holds promise in increasing our understanding of important developmental stages of drug use.


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