An acoustic study of quasi-phonemic vowels in Ampenan Sasak

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Leah Pappas
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Auditory Perception ◽  
Acoustic Analysis ◽  
Language Documentation ◽  
Minimal Pairs ◽  
Acoustic Study ◽  
Descriptive Approach ◽  
Phonemic Status ◽  
Final Syllable

ABSTRACT In a variety of Sasak called Ampenan Sasak in this paper, traditional documentation and analytical methods based on auditory perception reveal allophonic patterns in alternations of height among mid-vowels. High mid-vowels occur in final syllables ending in [ʔ] or no-coda (e.g. [tokoʔ] ‘fish species native to Lombok’) while low mid-vowels occur in final syllables ending in all other consonants (e.g. [tɔkɔl] ‘to sit’). However, words deviate from these patterns in several minimal pairs (e.g. [bəɾəmbok] ‘to discuss’ and [bəɾəmbɔk] ‘to breathe’) and in some borrowings (e.g. [agostos] ‘August’), suggesting a quasi-phonemic status for back mid-vowels; they behave like both phonemes and allophones. This study analyzes the phonetic properties of mid-vowels through an acoustic analysis of the F1 and F2 of 2,448 vowel tokens. Results suggest that mid-vowels are largely predictable among non-borrowed vocabulary. In final syllables, syllable openness serves as a predictor for the height of mid-vowels. In pre-final syllables, syllable openness has no effect on the height of the vowel. Rather, the height of pre-final mid-vowels is predictable based on the height of the final-syllable vowel. In consideration of both elicitation and acoustic evidence, this paper adopts a descriptive approach by stating that Ampenan Sasak back mid-vowels are largely predictable, with some exceptions. Further, the paper questions whether all sounds must be identified as a ‘phoneme’ or an ‘allophone’ and argues that quasi-phonemic segments are a valuable intermediate descriptor for both phonological theory and language documentation.

scholarly journals An Acoustic Investigation of Pakistani and American English Vowels

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 115
Author(s):  
Abdul Malik Abbasi ◽  
Mansoor Ahmed Channa ◽  
Stephen John ◽  
Masood Akhter Memon ◽  
Rabia Anwar
Keyword(s):  
Native American ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Speech Processing ◽  
Acoustic Analysis ◽  
American English ◽  
Vowel Duration ◽  
Acoustic Measurements ◽  
Computer Laboratory ◽  
Minimal Pairs ◽  
English Vowels

Acoustic analysis tests the hypothesis that the physical properties of Pakistani English (PaKE) vowels differ in terms of acoustic measurements of Native American English speakers. The present paper aims to document the physical behavior of English vowels produced by PaKE learners. The major goal of this paper is to measure the production of sound frequencies coupled with vowel duration. The primary aim of this paper is to explore the different frequencies and duration of the vowels involved in articulation of PaKE. English vowels selected for this purpose are: /æ/, /ɛ/, /ɪ/, /ɒ/ and /ə/. Total ten samplings were obtained from the department of computer science at Sindh Madressatul Islam University, Karachi. The study was based on the analysis of 500 (10×5×10=500) voice samples. Five vowel minimal pairs were selected and written in a carrier phrase [I say CVC now]. Ten speakers (5 male & five female) recorded their 500 voice samples using Praat speech processing tool and a high-quality microphone on laptop in a computer laboratory with no background sound. Three parameters were considered for the analysis of PaKE vowels i.e., duration of five vowels, fundamental frequency (F1 and F2). It was hypothesized that the properties of PaKE vowels are different from that of English native speakers. The hypothesis was accepted since the acoustic measurements of PaKE and English Native American speakers’ physical properties of sounds were discovered different.

scholarly journals Representation of Yorùbá Tones by a Talking Drum: An Acoustic Analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Akinbo
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Analysis ◽  
Lexical Tones ◽  
Acoustic Study

The present paper proposes an articulatory and acoustic study of the representation of Yorùbá tones in gángan (a talking drum). The video and spectrographic analyses of the data collected from five native drummers in Nigeria show the number of syllables in a word directly corresponds to the number of strikes on the drum membrane. As the talking drum resonates from the strikes, the drummers tightened and loosened the drum membrane to articulate the three tones in Yorùbá. Furthermore, tonal processes such as tone contour formation on the second tone in HL or LH sequences are musically rendered. Based on this evidence, this paper concludes that drummers are able to represent syllables, lexical tones and tonal processes of Yorùbá speech with a talking drum.

Effects of Genioglossal Muscle Advancement on Speech: An Acoustic Study of Vowel Sounds

2005 ◽  
Vol 132 (4) ◽  
pp. 636-640 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimmo Vähätalo ◽  
Juha-Pertti Laaksonen ◽  
Henna Tamminen ◽  
Olli Aaltonen ◽  
Risto-Pekka Happonen
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Analysis ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Vowel Quality ◽  
Acoustic Features ◽  
Vowel Production ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Acoustic Study ◽  
Partial Upper Airway Obstruction

OBJECTIVE: The effects of the genioglossal muscle advancement on phonetic quality of speech were studied analyzing the acoustic features of vowel sounds. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: The study group consisted of 5 men suffering from partial upper airway obstruction during sleep. To prevent tongue base collapse, genioglossal muscle advancement was made with chin osteotomy without hyoid myotomy and suspension. The speech material consisted of 8 vowels produced in sentence context repeated 10 times before the operation, and 10 days and 6 weeks after the operation. The acoustic features of vowels were analyzed. RESULTS: The operation had no significant effects on vowel quality. Only for 2 of the subjects the pitches changed systematically due to the operation. CONCLUSION: According to the acoustic analysis, genioglossal muscle advancement with chin osteotomy has no effects on vowel production. Some short-term changes were observed, but these changes were highly individual. SIGNIFICANCE: The operation seems to have no potential to change vowel production.

Vowel Production in Winnipeg

2006 ◽  
Vol 51 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 127-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Hagiwara
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Analysis ◽  
American English ◽  
Similar Data ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Canadian English ◽  
Vowel Production ◽  
Acoustic Study ◽  
Vowel Space ◽  
Precise Characterization

AbstractGeneral properties of the Canadian English vowel space are derived from an experimental-acoustic study of vowel production underway in Winnipeg, Manitoba. Comparing the preliminary Winnipeg results with similar data from General American English confirms previously described generalizations for Canadian English: the merger of low-back vowels, the relative retraction of /æ/, and the relative advancement of /u/ and /Ʊ/. However, a similar comparison of the Winnipeg sample with comparable Southern California data disputes the accuracy of the claim that Canadian Shift (Clarke et al. 1995) is a feature of ‘general’ Canadian and Californian English. An acoustic analysis uncovers subtle phonetic distinctions that make possible a more precise characterization of Canadian Raising: rather than only adjusting the height of the nucleus, Winnipeg speakers produce a directional shift in both the nucleus and offglide of the diphthongs /aɪ, aƱ/; this process applies to all three diphthongs (including /oɪ/).

scholarly journals A Phonemic and Acoustic Analysis of Hindko Oral Stops

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haroon Ur RASHID ◽  
Raja Nasim AKHTAR
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Analysis ◽  
Voice Onset Time ◽  
Onset Time ◽  
Acoustic Cues ◽  
Minimal Pairs ◽  
Closure Duration

Hindko is an Indo-Aryan language that is mainly spoken in Khyber Pukhtoonkhaw province of Pakistan. This work aims to identify the oral stops of Hindko and determine the intrinsic acoustic cues for them. The phonemic analysis is done with the help of minimal pairs and phoneme distribution in contrastive environments which reveals that Hindko has twelve oral stops with three way series. The acoustic analysis of these segments shows that intrinsically voice onset time (VOT), closure duration and burst are reliable and distinguishing cues of stops in Hindko.

scholarly journals VOWELS DURATION IN THE EVENKI LANGUAGE

2019 ◽  
pp. 88-100
Author(s):  
Olga N. Morozova ◽  
◽  
Svetlana V. Androsova ◽  
Semyon V. Kolesnikov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Acoustic Analysis ◽  
Vowel Duration ◽  
Short Vowels ◽  
The One ◽  
Final Syllable ◽  
Phonological Length ◽  
Fluent Speakers

The present article focuses upon phonological length realization patterns of Selemdzha Evenki vowels. The material of 90 words pronounced in isolation was obtained from 4 subjects, native fluent speakers of Evenki (1 male and 3 females, aged 54-70). They were asked to read each word 3 times to imitate 3 positions in the utterance: initial, medial, and final. As a result of the acoustic analysis, it was found that phonologically long vowels possessed more than 2 times longer duration than that of short vowels. In the group of long vowels, the direct correlation was noted between vowel openness degree and their duration: the more closed the vowel was, the larger duration it had. In the group of short vowels, no dependence of that sort was found: the longest vowels turned out to be the ones of the main triangle /i-a-u/. Vowels /ɜ:-ɜ/ were characterized by the smallest duration in both groups. Comparison of vowel duration in different positions of the Evenki word suggests that, on average, the longest vowel is the one in the final syllable (before a pause), regardless of the number of syllables in the word.

scholarly journals Temporal pattern analysis of voicing in children with and without alterations in sonority feature

Revista CEFAC ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Liliane Ramone ◽  
Silvana de Coelho Frota
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Analysis ◽  
Voice Onset Time ◽  
Onset Time ◽  
Brazilian Portuguese ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Production Test ◽  
Acoustic Characteristics ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Minimal Pairs ◽  
The Voice

ABSTRACT Purpose: to compare acoustic characteristics of stop consonants in speakers of Brazilian Portuguese with and without alterations in speech referring to voicing feature. Methods: out of 66 children assessed, 18 were selected for this study, aged from 9 to 12 years, distributed in Control Group, 8 without language alterations, and Deviation Group, 10 children with alterations in speech, regarding sonority features. Participants with hearing loss, with cognitive deficit, left-handed ones or using neurological medication, were excluded. The following tests were performed: tonal audiometry, ABFW speech test, and a PowerPoint interactive production test, which was developed by the author for this study, with the purpose of comparing the minimal pairs in words. At the end, the acoustic analysis was conducted, by using the PRAAT program. The acoustic characteristics of stops related to total and relative duration of voice onset time were compared in the two groups and analyzed by the Mann-Whitney U test, with a significance level lower than 0.05. Results: significant differences were observed in the duration of the voice onset time between the two groups, such as the increase in absolute voice onset time in the Deviation Group in voiced stops, and reduction in absolute onset time in voiceless stops. The relative voice onset time presented significant differences between the two groups only in voiceless stops. Conclusion: Brazilian Portuguese speakers with alteration in their sonority feature showed an acoustic pattern different from that of other speakers, regarding the voice onset time.

Lengthening in Quranic Performance Acoustic Study in Time and Written symbol

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Alawi Ahmed Al-malgami
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Analysis ◽  
Movement Time ◽  
Controversial Issue ◽  
Complex Issue ◽  
Linguistic Performance ◽  
Acoustic Study ◽  
Holy Quran ◽  
The Holy Quran ◽  
Scientific Terms ◽  
Acoustic Phenomenon

Lengthening is one of the acoustic phenomena which have left the holy Quran distinguished but it is still a complex issue for many scholars who are concerned with this area of study especially the period of time which means the time of lengthening that depends upon the performance of present reciters and old reciters. This controversial issue resulted in another complex issue. The acoustic phenomenon can't be only expressed theoretically in expressive terms but it should be expressed in scientific terms. Furthermore, the lengthening particularly -the derived lengthening- is considered as another important issue in the field of research. It is a phenomenon that distinguishes the Quranic performance from the casual linguistic performance of Arabic and other languages, so the scholars face the problem of how to write it morphologically or acoustically. This Study aims to measure the period of time to the lengthening during the Quranic recitation through programs and then comparing the results to the estimations of old reciters. It also suggests a scientific expression for the lengthening period of time and paired with digital measure. Then we put an orthographic symbol in order to express lengthening morphologically and acoustically. Actually, this Study uses (Praat Program) for acoustic analysis. This has come in harmony with what was already determined by the old reciters in which the movement of (half Alef sound) needs (25. of a second) whereas the movement of complete Alef sound needs (50. of a second). This Study also has come in harmony with the estimations of of old reciters in the normal lengthening and connected lengthening but not in the Short compulsory lengthening with the four reciters. According to this practical study, the suggested sound is a number added to the long voiced sign that contains lengthening. This number equals the number of movements after dividing the period of time of reciter 's performance according to the movement time which is (25. of one second.

Acoustic Evidence of New Sibilants in the Pronunciation of Young Polish Women

2016 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bartlłomiej Czaplicki ◽  
Marzena Żygis ◽  
Daniel Pape ◽  
Luis M. T. Jesus
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Analysis ◽  
Functional Approach ◽  
Speech Disorder ◽  
Energy Concentration ◽  
Spectral Moments ◽  
Centre Of Gravity ◽  
Acoustic Study ◽  
Spectral Peaks

AbstractWe present the results of an acoustic study showing that the Polish sibilant system is undergoing changes in the speech of young university-educated women. The results based on the acoustic analysis of 16 speakers’ pronunciation, reveal that the new variants of alveolo-palatals are characterised by spectral peaks at higher frequencies and higher centre of gravity values than their Standard Polish counterparts. In addition, spectral moments, spectral slopes and the formants of preceding vowels differentiate the new variants from Standard Polish alveolo-palatals. We provide the rationale for the development of the new variants by referring to (i) a functional approach involving contrast optimisation in the sibilant system, (ii) a sociolinguistic approach that makes use of a sound-symbolic association between energy concentration in higher frequency regions and smallness and (iii) a speech disorder.

Spectra as Theoretical and Practical Models in Gérard Grisey’s Creative Process

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
François-Xavier Féron
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Analysis ◽  
Creative Process ◽  
Auditory Perception ◽  
Acoustic Analysis ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Musical Analysis ◽  
Natural Phenomena ◽  
Spectral Models ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time

Combining sketch studies, musical analysis, and acoustic analysis, this article examines the impact of spectral models on Grisey’s creative process in the 1970s. First, it focuses on Grisey’s establishment of initial theoretical models in Dérives and Périodes, composed during his residence at the Villa Medici (1972–74), during which period he conducted his own study of acoustics. The article then looks at how, back in Paris, the composer started studying with the acoustician Émile Leipp and then worked with Michèle Castellengo, with whom in 1977 he undertook for the first time the spectral analysis of instrumental sounds. Finally the article examines in detail how some spectrograms, once transcribed, were used in Modulations (1976–77) to construct a complex spectral polyphony. If Grisey draws his inspiration from sound phenomena and the characteristics of auditory perception, he does not for all that neglect structuralism: spectral models serve both to simulate natural phenomena and to formalise his compositional processes.

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