On the taxonomic status and distribution of Chthamalus stellatus (Cirripedia) in the north-east Atlantic region: with a key to the common intertidal barnacles of Britain

1976 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 1007-1028 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Southward
Keyword(s):  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Eastern Coast ◽  
Climatic Zones ◽  
Climatic Regions ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Worldwide Distribution ◽  
Specific Rank ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Individual

During his studies on the Cirripedia Darwin (1854) gave much attention to the Chthamalidae, and his views of the species remained unchallenged for many years. Darwin's attitude to speciation appears to have been coloured by his concurrently developing theories of natural selection, and he was especially interested in the existence of wide variation within species. Thus Chthamalus stellatus as described by Darwin consisted of a number of races or varieties, and was of almost worldwide distribution (‘southern England, Ireland, Isle of Man, Mediterranean, Madeira, Cape Verde Is., southern United States, West Indies, Brazil, Rio Plata, Red Sea, Philippines, China, Gulf of Korea, Oregon or N. California’). This distribution has been considerably narrowed in the last 60 years, and recent investigators have raised varieties to specific rank, or described new species and subspecies. In North California and Oregon we now have the full species C. dalli (Pilsbry, 1916); along the eastern coast of U.S.A. we now have C.fragilis (Pilsbry, 1916); in the Caribbean and along the east coast of South America we have C. angustitergum and C. bisinuatus (Pilsbry, 1916; Ross, 1969; Southward, 1975); for the Indopacific region there are now the species C. challengeri and C. malayensis (Hoek, 1883; Pilsbry, 1916); and in the Mediterranean, C. depressus (Poli), which was reduced by Darwin to a variety of C. stellatus, has been raised again to specific rank (Barnes, 1956; Utinomi, 1959; Southward, 1964; Klepal & Barnes, 1975) and is now assigned to the genus Euraphia (Newman & Ross, 1976). Thus except for a few dubious records what remains of Darwin's C. stellatus is confined to Europe, N. Africa and W. Africa (Southward, 1964; Stubbings, 1967). Nevertheless, even such a reduced distribution encompasses several distinct climatic zones, and seems more extensive than the individual ranges of the three species (C. dalli, C. fissus and C. panamensis) found in comparable climatic regions of the N.E. Pacific.

scholarly journals On tho proportions of the prevailing winds, the mean temperature, and depth of rain in the climate of London, computed through a cycle of Eighteen Years, or periods of the Moon’s declination

1843 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 300-300
Keyword(s):  
The Moon ◽  
Fair Weather ◽  
North West ◽  
West Wind ◽  
North East ◽  
East Wind ◽  
The North ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Solar Influence

In this paper the author investigates the periodical variations of the winds, rain and temperature, corresponding to the conditions of the moon’s declination, in a manner similar to that he has already followed in the case of the barometrical variations, on a period of years extending from 1815 to 1832 inclusive. In each case he gives tables of the average quantities for each week, at the middle of which the moon is in the equator, or else has either attained its maximum north or south declination. He thus finds that a north-east wind is most promoted by the constant solar influence which causes it, when the moon is about the equator, going from north to south; that a south-east wind, in like manner, prevails most when the moon is proceeding to acquire a southern declination ; that winds from the south and west blow more when the moon is in her mean degrees of declination, going either way, than with a full north or south declination ; and that a north-west wind, the common summer and fair weather wind of the climate, affects, in like manner, the mean declination, in either direction, in preference to the north or south, and most when the moon is coming north. He finds the average annual depth of rain, falling in the neighbourhood of London, is 25’17 inches.

Features of the course of birth in northern domestic deer in the conditions of the North-East of Russia (Yakutia)

2021 ◽  
pp. 23-28
Author(s):  
V. Fedorov ◽  
T. Ippolitova ◽  
E. Sleptsov ◽  
K. Plemyashov
Keyword(s):  
Living Environment ◽  
Behavioral Reactions ◽  
Climatic Zones ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
The Republic ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Harsh Conditions ◽  
Generic Process

Purpose: Determination of the peculiarities of the behavior and the flow of childbirth in females (wrenches) of the northern home deer of the Even Breed of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), depending on the natural climatic zone of breeding.Material and research methods. Research of the reservation of the hotel's reservoir of the northern home deer was held from April to June in the reindeer herds of the mountain-taiga (FSUE «Yuchjuyuskoye») and the Tundrov zones (SHPZK «Taba-Yana») of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) in the conditions of nomadic home reindeer herding since 2013 2018 In the study, the method of observation is used with the registration of motor activity of animals and the activities of individual bodies in a certain living environment.Results. To fix some patterns and species features of the generic process, 8 main elementary behavioral reactions spent venizables of northern domestic deer per day before childbirth: walking, feeding feed, chewing, leisure standing, rest lying, sleep, urination (how many times / total time), defecation (how many times / total time). Also marked 4 behavioral reactions on the hotel day: the exploitation time of the fetus, the licking of the calf, the time of the calf on his feet after delivery, the first reception of the mosper calf after birth. For each parameter, data reflected in tabular format is obtained.Conclusion. It has been established that the degree of adaptation of the northern domestic deer to the harsh conditions of existence in various natural-climatic zones of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) is very high, which is manifested in a minor difference in the duration of the generic process and behavioral reactions at the vainer of the mountain and tundra and tundra dilution zones.

Employability in the North East

2019 ◽  
pp. 29-54
Author(s):  
Pauline Leonard ◽  
Rachel J. Wilde
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Skills Development ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
The Individual

This chapter explores the rise of the concept of employability and how it has influenced policy and practical interventions to address unemployment. It explores how the concept has been understood as a threshold for labour market readiness or as a process of continual skills development necessary in a flexible labour market. It argues that employability is frequently utilised in neoliberalising forms of governmentality, shifting responsibility of gaining work onto the individual, rather than considering the various external and structural factors that affect employment prospects. A case study of an employability programme in the North East explores the practices through which the discourse of employability acts upon individuals.

scholarly journals Some of the Wild Life Problems of Ceylon

Oryx ◽  
1959 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 125-137
Author(s):  
R. M. Bere
Keyword(s):  
The South ◽  
Indian Peninsula ◽  
Climatic Regions ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
South Indian ◽  
Life Problems ◽  
Dry Zone ◽  
Wild Life ◽  
Wet Zone

Topographically Ceylon is a detached portion of the South Indian peninsula. It divides into two climatic regions, known as the Dry and Wet Zones; the latter occupies approximately the south-western quarter of the island. By African standards, dry and wet are relative terms and there may be over 80 inches of rain in the Dry Zone. Even so, rainfall tends to be concentrated and long periods without rain occur. The Wet Zone receives rain during both monsoons, the Dry Zone during the north-east monsoon only. Monsoons sometimes fail and serious droughts are not uncommon.

scholarly journals REFLEKS FONEM PROTO AUSTRONESIA PADA BAHASA ACEH

Diksi ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Teguh Santoso
Keyword(s):  
Austronesian Language ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Toba Batak ◽  
The Individual

Aceh language have similarity with Campa language. So,there are two language which have many similarities vocabulary. Thetheritory of Aceh and Campa is located in the north east of Sumateraisland (Vietnamese). There are Austronesian language grouping.In past, Aceh language have effect from other like Arabic,Netherland, Pourtouguese, Espana, and Chinese.This article explaining the retention and inovation aboutAeh language by reflection of their vocabulary with Austronesiaprotofonem. Austronesian protofonem is the list of the reconstructionof the individual language: Tagalog, Toba-Batak, Java, Malay, Ngaju-Dayak, and Hova. The analysis showed that Aceh language vocal andconsonant have been shift and split in their reflection.Keywords: fonem reflect, proto, inovation, retention

Genetic Divergence Between South African Helcion Species and North-East Atlantic H. Pellucidum (Mollusca: Patellogastropoda)

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 1139-1150 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.I. Weber ◽  
D.R. Gray ◽  
A.N. Hodgson ◽  
S.J. Hawkins
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Congeneric Species ◽  
East Atlantic ◽  
North East ◽  
The North

Allozyme electrophoresis was used to estimate the genetic divergence between three species of South African Helcion and the north-east Atlantic H. pellucidum (Patellidae). At a finer level the genetic relationships among South African Helcion were explored. Twenty-one loci were resolved for all the species. High values of expected heterozygosities (0·202–0·341) were found for the genus. Phenetic analysis (UPGMA (unweighted pair-group method with artihmetic averaging) and Distance Wagner Procedure) and cladistic parsimony methods (alleles as binary characters and loci as multistate unordered characters) agreed in showing the same topology for the tree which represents the genetic relationships among Helcion species. The north-east Atlantic H. pellucidum was the most divergent species showing high values of Nei's genetic distances (1·423–1·654) with its South African congeners. In the literature such values of genetic divergence have been associated with non-congeneric species. The degree of genetic divergence (0·351–0·615) found within the South African branch was characteristic for congeneric species. The results of this study supported the monophyletic condition of this branch, and showed H. pectunculus and H. pruinosus to be more closely related to each other than to H. dunkeri. Nevertheless, the monophyly of the genus Helcion is uncertain and therefore its taxonomic status was questioned. A possible independent origin for northern and southern hemisphere species of Helcion is considered.

scholarly journals Ethnonyms of North-Eastern Russia as a Special Layer of Regionalisms

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 549-557
Author(s):  
Mikhail S. Teikin
Keyword(s):  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Central Russia ◽  
Regional Features ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Russian North ◽  
Regional Component ◽  
Local Residents ◽  
The Common ◽  
Scientific Attention

Russian regional features became a subject of scientific attention in the late 1960s – early 1970s when scientists began to study old dialects, new regiolects, and how some regionalisms entered general use. Scientists usually focused on the literary speech peculiarities of local residents. As a rule, ethnonyms of small-numbered peoples have a very narrow circulation and belong to regionalisms. However, Russian ethnonyms remain understudied from the angle of their regional component, particularly the ethnonyms of the North-East. The present article deals with the ethnonyms of small-numbered peoples in the Russian North-East. The author describes how regionalisms transferred from the regiolect to the common language in the course of 20th century. The paper also features the most relevant mistakes in the ethnonyms with similar pronunciation. The author conducted a survey to investigate the comprehension level of the north-eastern ethnonyms by the residents of Magadan and cities of Central Russia and define their frequency.

scholarly journals The Common Sunstar Crossaster papposus—A Neurotoxic Starfish

Marine Drugs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 695
Author(s):  
Karl J. Dean ◽  
Ryan P. Alexander ◽  
Robert G. Hatfield ◽  
Adam M. Lewis ◽  
Lewis N. Coates ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Location ◽  
Bivalve Molluscs ◽  
The North ◽  
Regulatory Limits ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
The Common ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Multiple Species ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Uk

Saxitoxins (STXs) are a family of potent neurotoxins produced naturally by certain species of phytoplankton and cyanobacteria which are extremely toxic to mammalian nervous systems. The accumulation of STXs in bivalve molluscs can significantly impact animal and human health. Recent work conducted in the North Sea highlighted the widespread presence of various saxitoxins in a range of benthic organisms, with the common sunstar (Crossaster papposus) demonstrating high concentrations of saxitoxins. In this study, an extensive sampling program was undertaken across multiple seas surrounding the UK, with 146 starfish and 5 brittlestars of multiple species analysed for STXs. All the common sunstars analysed (n > 70) contained quantifiable levels of STXs, with the total concentrations ranging from 99 to 11,245 µg STX eq/kg. The common sunstars were statistically different in terms of toxin loading to all the other starfish species tested. Two distinct toxic profiles were observed in sunstars, a decarbomylsaxitoxin (dcSTX)-dominant profile which encompassed samples from most of the UK coast and an STX and gonyautoxin2 (GTX2) profile from the North Yorkshire coast of England. Compartmentalisation studies demonstrated that the female gonads exhibited the highest toxin concentrations of all the individual organs tested, with concentrations >40,000 µg STX eq/kg in one sample. All the sunstars, male or female, exhibited the presence of STXs in the skin, digestive glands and gonads. This study highlights that the common sunstar ubiquitously contains STXs, independent of the geographical location around the UK and often at concentrations many times higher than the current regulatory limits for STXs in molluscs; therefore, the common sunstar should be considered toxic hereafter.

scholarly journals Population genetics meets phylogenetics: new insights into the relationships among members of the genus Euthynnus (family Scombridae)

Hydrobiologia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith Ollé ◽  
Laura Vilà-Valls ◽  
Jaime Alvarado-Bremer ◽  
Genoveva Cerdenares ◽  
Thuy Yen Duong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North Atlantic ◽  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
East Atlantic ◽  
North West ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Worldwide Distribution ◽  
Allopatric Species ◽  
The North Atlantic ◽  
High Level

AbstractEuthynnus (family Scombridae) is a genus of marine pelagic fish species with a worldwide distribution that comprises three allopatric species: E. alletteratus, E. affinis and E. lineatus. All of them targeted by artisanal and commercial fisheries. We analyzed 263 individuals from Atlantic and Pacific Oceans using two genetic markers, the mtDNA Control Region (350 bp) and nuclear calmodulin (341 bp). The results obtained challenge the phylogeny of this group. We found a deep genetic divergence, probably at species level, within E. alletteratus, between the North Atlantic-Mediterranean and the Tropical East Atlantic. This deep genetic divergence was tested with several species delimitation methods. This complete phylogeographic association between the North Atlantic and the Tropical East Atlantic support the hypothesis of two cryptic species. In addition, population genetic heterogeneity was detected between the North East Atlantic–Mediterranean and North West Atlantic regions. Our results indicate two scales of differentiation in what is currently considered a single population. Accordingly, for management purposes, the populations of E. alletteratus, should be divided into a minimum of three management units. On the other hand, the high level of differentiation found in E. alletteratus contrasts with the shallow genetic divergence of E. affinis and E. lineatus.

Phytogeography of the tropical north-east African mountains

Bothalia ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 14 (3/4) ◽  
pp. 525-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Friis
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
The South ◽  
East African ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
South West ◽  
Unpublished Studies ◽  
Mountain System ◽  
Mountain Chain ◽  
The Individual

The tropical north-east African mountains are tentatively divided into four phytochoria, the formal rank of which is not defined. The division is based on patterns of distribution and endemism in the region. The recognition of a distinct Afromontane phytochorion is now well established (Chapman White, 1970; Werger, 1978; White, 1978). However, there is still very little information on the phytogeography of the individual mountains or mountain systems. This study hopes to fill a little of the gap by analysing distribution patterns and patterns of endemism in the flora of the tropical north-east African mountains. The north-east African mountain system is the largest in tropical Africa (see e.g. map in White, 1978). At the core of this system is the large Ethiopian massif, around which are located various mountains and mountain chains. These include the Red Sea Hills in the Sudan, the mountain chain in northern Somalia, the south-west Arabian mountains, and the Imatong mountains of south-east Sudan. The latter are often referred to the East African mountain system (White, 1978) but. as I will point out later, they also have a close connection with the south-west highlands of Ethiopia. The paper presents some results of my study of the mountain flora of tropical north-east Africa, particularly the forest species. Where no source is indicated, the data are from my own unpublished studies.

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