scholarly journals REFLEKS FONEM PROTO AUSTRONESIA PADA BAHASA ACEH

Diksi ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Teguh Santoso
Keyword(s):  
Austronesian Language ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Toba Batak ◽  
The Individual

Aceh language have similarity with Campa language. So,there are two language which have many similarities vocabulary. Thetheritory of Aceh and Campa is located in the north east of Sumateraisland (Vietnamese). There are Austronesian language grouping.In past, Aceh language have effect from other like Arabic,Netherland, Pourtouguese, Espana, and Chinese.This article explaining the retention and inovation aboutAeh language by reflection of their vocabulary with Austronesiaprotofonem. Austronesian protofonem is the list of the reconstructionof the individual language: Tagalog, Toba-Batak, Java, Malay, Ngaju-Dayak, and Hova. The analysis showed that Aceh language vocal andconsonant have been shift and split in their reflection.Keywords: fonem reflect, proto, inovation, retention

Employability in the North East

2019 ◽  
pp. 29-54
Author(s):  
Pauline Leonard ◽  
Rachel J. Wilde
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Skills Development ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
The Individual

This chapter explores the rise of the concept of employability and how it has influenced policy and practical interventions to address unemployment. It explores how the concept has been understood as a threshold for labour market readiness or as a process of continual skills development necessary in a flexible labour market. It argues that employability is frequently utilised in neoliberalising forms of governmentality, shifting responsibility of gaining work onto the individual, rather than considering the various external and structural factors that affect employment prospects. A case study of an employability programme in the North East explores the practices through which the discourse of employability acts upon individuals.

Phytogeography of the tropical north-east African mountains

Bothalia ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 14 (3/4) ◽  
pp. 525-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Friis
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
The South ◽  
East African ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
South West ◽  
Unpublished Studies ◽  
Mountain System ◽  
Mountain Chain ◽  
The Individual

The tropical north-east African mountains are tentatively divided into four phytochoria, the formal rank of which is not defined. The division is based on patterns of distribution and endemism in the region. The recognition of a distinct Afromontane phytochorion is now well established (Chapman White, 1970; Werger, 1978; White, 1978). However, there is still very little information on the phytogeography of the individual mountains or mountain systems. This study hopes to fill a little of the gap by analysing distribution patterns and patterns of endemism in the flora of the tropical north-east African mountains. The north-east African mountain system is the largest in tropical Africa (see e.g. map in White, 1978). At the core of this system is the large Ethiopian massif, around which are located various mountains and mountain chains. These include the Red Sea Hills in the Sudan, the mountain chain in northern Somalia, the south-west Arabian mountains, and the Imatong mountains of south-east Sudan. The latter are often referred to the East African mountain system (White, 1978) but. as I will point out later, they also have a close connection with the south-west highlands of Ethiopia. The paper presents some results of my study of the mountain flora of tropical north-east Africa, particularly the forest species. Where no source is indicated, the data are from my own unpublished studies.

On the taxonomic status and distribution of Chthamalus stellatus (Cirripedia) in the north-east Atlantic region: with a key to the common intertidal barnacles of Britain

1976 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 1007-1028 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Southward
Keyword(s):  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Eastern Coast ◽  
Climatic Zones ◽  
Climatic Regions ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Worldwide Distribution ◽  
Specific Rank ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Individual

During his studies on the Cirripedia Darwin (1854) gave much attention to the Chthamalidae, and his views of the species remained unchallenged for many years. Darwin's attitude to speciation appears to have been coloured by his concurrently developing theories of natural selection, and he was especially interested in the existence of wide variation within species. Thus Chthamalus stellatus as described by Darwin consisted of a number of races or varieties, and was of almost worldwide distribution (‘southern England, Ireland, Isle of Man, Mediterranean, Madeira, Cape Verde Is., southern United States, West Indies, Brazil, Rio Plata, Red Sea, Philippines, China, Gulf of Korea, Oregon or N. California’). This distribution has been considerably narrowed in the last 60 years, and recent investigators have raised varieties to specific rank, or described new species and subspecies. In North California and Oregon we now have the full species C. dalli (Pilsbry, 1916); along the eastern coast of U.S.A. we now have C.fragilis (Pilsbry, 1916); in the Caribbean and along the east coast of South America we have C. angustitergum and C. bisinuatus (Pilsbry, 1916; Ross, 1969; Southward, 1975); for the Indopacific region there are now the species C. challengeri and C. malayensis (Hoek, 1883; Pilsbry, 1916); and in the Mediterranean, C. depressus (Poli), which was reduced by Darwin to a variety of C. stellatus, has been raised again to specific rank (Barnes, 1956; Utinomi, 1959; Southward, 1964; Klepal & Barnes, 1975) and is now assigned to the genus Euraphia (Newman & Ross, 1976). Thus except for a few dubious records what remains of Darwin's C. stellatus is confined to Europe, N. Africa and W. Africa (Southward, 1964; Stubbings, 1967). Nevertheless, even such a reduced distribution encompasses several distinct climatic zones, and seems more extensive than the individual ranges of the three species (C. dalli, C. fissus and C. panamensis) found in comparable climatic regions of the N.E. Pacific.

scholarly journals Biomass and distribution of the red octopus (Octopus maya) in the north-east of the Campeche Bank

2019 ◽  
Vol 99 (06) ◽  
pp. 1317-1323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Otilio Avendaño ◽  
Iván Velázquez–Abunader ◽  
Carlos Fernández–Jardón ◽  
Luis Enrique Ángeles–González ◽  
Alvaro Hernández-Flores ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Site ◽  
Sampling Effort ◽  
Uniform Sampling ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Biological Studies ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Octopus Maya ◽  
Swept Area ◽  
Random Method

AbstractThe regulatory framework of the red octopus (Octopus maya) fishery includes total allowable catches (TAC), which are based on studies conducted on the population that occurs in shallow waters. In fact, most of the biological studies of this species refer to the fraction of the population that occupies waters less than 30 m deep; however, O. maya can occur up to a 60 m depth. The aim of this study is to assess the stock of O. maya that occupies waters between 30 m and 60 m deep. Four research cruises were carried out during the closed and fishing seasons, from May 2016 to January 2017. An average of 29 sampling sites were surveyed in each cruise (±2 sampling sites) using a commercial vessel with a uniform sampling effort. In each sampling site, the swept area, the total number of octopuses captured, the total weight of the catch, and the individual weight of octopuses were recorded. Biomass was obtained with four methods: stratified random method, swept area method, geostatistical biomass model, and an unpublished method of weighted swept area. The four methods provided consistent results. The distribution pattern of species was in patches, although before the fishing season started it was more homogeneous. The fraction of the population that occurs between 30 m and 60 m deep consisted mostly of adult organisms, so it could be contributing significantly to the recruitment of the entire population, even to the fraction that is exploited.

scholarly journals The stimuli of thermal environment defined according to UTCI in Poland

2021 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-200
Author(s):  
Magdalena Kuchcik ◽  
Krzysztof Błażejczyk ◽  
Agnieszka Halaś
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stress ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Climate Index ◽  
Universal Thermal Climate Index ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Thermal Climate ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Individual

The assessment of thermal stress stimuli in Poland was based on the Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI). Daily values of UTCI at 24 stations selected to represent the whole area of Poland at 12:00 UTC were calculated over the period 1951-2018. Various UTCI characteristics, i.e., spatial averages of daily, monthly and annual values, daily spatial contrasts (i.e., the difference between daily highest and lowest UTCI values) were defined in each of 8 bioclimatic regions of Poland. Ten-year trends for UTCI and spatial contrast values were counted and their statistical significance was analysed. A statistically significant increase in UTCI values was found in all the regions of Poland. However, contrasts in thermal stress both for Poland as a whole and in most of the regions decreased significantly, especially in the north-east of Poland, the country’s coldest region. This indicates a reduction in the stimuli of thermal environment in Poland and in most of the individual regions.

scholarly journals New Assessment of Development Status among the People Living in Rural Areas: an Alternative Approach for Rural Vitality

2019 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-192
Author(s):  
Costică Mihai ◽  
Simona-Roxana Ulman ◽  
Mihaela David
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Rural Development ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Development Index ◽  
Development Status ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
The People ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Individual

In the process of development, the rural areas meet a wide range of economic, environmental and social challenges. This study theoretically discusses the concept of rural development and attempts to evaluate the development status among the people living in rural areas. In this scope, we propose the personal rural development index (PRDI), which is composed to, on one hand, an individual dimension and, on the other hand, a community one, related to different aspects of rural vitality. In this regard, three socio-economic components, namely economy, education – including a sub-dimension regarding culture, and health – with an environment sub-dimension were considered. These dimensions are influenced by the rural activities, especially the agricultural ones, that generates, nearby the economic results, as main objective for the individual or economic agent, also a set of economic, social or environmental externalities, from the category of public goods and of which both the stable and transitional residents of the area benefit. So, the complexity of the personal rural development index is high, aiming to put into light both individual and public components. The data used was obtained through a survey applied in seven rural communities from the North-East Region of Romania.

The Cemeteries of Cyrene

1955 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 1-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Cassels
Keyword(s):  
Future Study ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Ancient City ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Preliminary Classification

The existence of the tombs at Cyrene, and their magnificence, have been known for many years. In the last century a number of scholars wrote descriptions of them, and some excavated here and there among them, while in the last forty years many of the better-preserved monuments have been cleared, though not published. Until the Italian occupation of Cyrenaica in 1912, and indeed for some time following it, the settled conditions necessary for a patient investigation did not exist; and after that date the skill and energy of Italian archaeologists were directed mainly to the excavation and study of the ancient city itself. So it is that no serious study of their history has yet been attempted. The first requisite for such a study is a summary of the material available; the object of the present paper is to provide a preliminary classification of the tombs, a catalogue of them with maps, and a conspectus of the work already done, which may together serve as a basis for future study. The numeration of the individual tombs described in the following pages is that given in the detailed catalogue (pp. 22–43), where the letters N, E, S, and W refer to the North, East, South, and West cemeteries respectively (Figs. 1–7 and Pl. I). The bibliographical abbreviations used in the footnotes will be found in the section on previous work on the tombs (pp. 6–9).

scholarly journals Fortificiranje grada Cresa u 16. stoljeću

Ars Adriatica ◽  
2011 ◽  
pp. 133
Author(s):  
Laris Borić
Keyword(s):  
North West ◽  
Town Council ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Architectural Language ◽  
Stone Cutting ◽  
State Archives ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Town ◽  
Coats Of Arms

The unstable political situation in which Venice found itself at the time of the League of Cambrai, but also the more frequent incursions and attacks of the Uskoks in the later sixteenth century, were responsible for the surrounding the town of Cres, its medieval nucleus and the newly formed town areas with a wider and stronger fortification system of a regular square plan, with four round towers at the angles and one rectangular tower located in the north-east area, and four town gates. The only angle tower that still survives is the north-west land tower based on which other towers can be reconstructed.  Three of the four town gates have been preserved: the Harbour gate, on the ground floor of the Clock Tower, and two east gates: Porta Marcella and Porta Bragadina. All three are constructed in the mannerist style of the classical architectural language, with rusticated arches flanked by two Tuscan or Ionic half-columns articulated with stone rings. These half-columns carry an architrave with coats of arms, which terminates with a projecting cornice. Most reliable sources for the dating of the building phases of the Renaissance fortifications, and for the identification of the master-carvers who worked on them are the register of the decisions of the Town Council, and the Book of the Building of the Walls (Libro della fabbrica delle mura) which is in the State Archives at Rijeka and contains records of payments for the construction expenses for individual parts of  the walls. The book covers the period between 1514 and 1610, the year when the construction expenses were concluded, although the works on the finishing of the individual parts continued until 1689, the year carved in the inscription referring to the completion of the wall. The article analyses the building phases  of the individual segments, and the groups of master-carvers who worked on them. It identifies the stone-cutting family workshops Stošić, Zvonarić, Soldatić and Mladinić, but also a number of local and foreign master-carvers who appeared in the individual building phases. Among them, a special place belongs to Izidor Stošić who was mentioned between 1521 and 1559 as the Protomagister of the structure and, based on the commission of the Town Council; he is identified as the builder of the town’s Clock Tower. The mentioned town portals  clearly demonstrate the way in which the local builders, gathered around the local workshops, applied the projects embodying contemporary stylistic tendencies which were doubtlessly works of the yet unidentified Venetian architects.

Ras al Khaimah: further archaeological discoveries

Antiquity ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 50 (200) ◽  
pp. 216-222
Author(s):  
Beatrice De Cardi
Keyword(s):  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
The State ◽  
Focused Attention ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
History Of ◽  
The City

Ras a1 Khaimah is the most northerly of the seven states comprising the United Arab Emirates and its Ruler, H. H. Sheikh Saqr bin Mohammad al-Qasimi, is keenly interested in the history of the state and its people. Survey carried out there jointly with Dr D. B. Doe in 1968 had focused attention on the site of JuIfar which lies just north of the present town of Ras a1 Khaimah (de Cardi, 1971, 230-2). Julfar was in existence in Abbasid times and its importance as an entrep6t during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries-the Portuguese Period-is reflected by the quantity and variety of imported wares to be found among the ruins of the city. Most of the sites discovered during the survey dated from that period but a group of cairns near Ghalilah and some long gabled graves in the Shimal area to the north-east of the date-groves behind Ras a1 Khaimah (map, FIG. I) clearly represented a more distant past.

Lichens in the North-East regions of Cyprus

1999 ◽  
Vol 110 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 455-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Güvenç ◽  
Ş Öztürk
Keyword(s):  
North East ◽  
The North
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