scholarly journals Ethnonyms of North-Eastern Russia as a Special Layer of Regionalisms

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 549-557
Author(s):  
Mikhail S. Teikin

Russian regional features became a subject of scientific attention in the late 1960s – early 1970s when scientists began to study old dialects, new regiolects, and how some regionalisms entered general use. Scientists usually focused on the literary speech peculiarities of local residents. As a rule, ethnonyms of small-numbered peoples have a very narrow circulation and belong to regionalisms. However, Russian ethnonyms remain understudied from the angle of their regional component, particularly the ethnonyms of the North-East. The present article deals with the ethnonyms of small-numbered peoples in the Russian North-East. The author describes how regionalisms transferred from the regiolect to the common language in the course of 20th century. The paper also features the most relevant mistakes in the ethnonyms with similar pronunciation. The author conducted a survey to investigate the comprehension level of the north-eastern ethnonyms by the residents of Magadan and cities of Central Russia and define their frequency.

Author(s):  
Михаил Спартакович Тейкин

Региональная ономастика представляет собою разветвлённую систему, охватывающую имена, имеющие хождение в определённом регионе, – от относительно известных за пределами края до малознакомых. Сегодня ономастика – самостоятельная отрасль науки, предметом изучения которой служат как лексемы, безусловно относящиеся к собственным именам (напр.: топонимы, гидронимы), так и лексемы, стоящие на стыке проприативов и апеллятивов, в число которых входят этнонимы. Изучение онимов края помогает найти лингвистические связи между неродственными соседними языками, выявить диалектные особенности, обнаружить места предыдущего обитания народов, выявить культурное взаимодействие и языковые заимствования, в связи с чем данная тема имеет особую актуальность. Региональные онимы могут являться регионализмами с точки зрения региональной лингвистики – постольку, поскольку они характерны для отдельной местности, но малоизвестны или же почти неизвестны вовне. В настоящей статье вводится понятие ономастический регионализм для более точного описания местных ономастических реалий в контексте региональной лингвистики, указывается на отличие его от термина региональный оним. Этнонимы небольших народов, как правило, не имеют широкого распространения за пределами проживания их носителей, поэтому данные слова можно отнести к ономастическим регионализмам. Именования малых этносов и субэтнических групп России до сих пор мало изучены с точки зрения их регионального компонента, в особенности этнонимы Северо-Востока, в связи с этим данная тема обретает особую актуальность. Этнонимы коренных малочисленных народов Северо-Востока России не рассматривались детально с позиции принадлежности их к дальневосточному региональному ономастикону. В настоящей статье автор останавливается на рассмотрении двух этнонимов одного малочисленного народа Северо-Востока России – чукчей; описываются официальные наименования мужчин и женщин – представителей данного народа с точки зрения принадлежности этнонимов одновременно к литературному языку и региолекту. В основе настоящего исследования лежит теоретическое изучение вопроса отнесения лексических единиц чукча и чукчанка к ономастическим регионализмам. Автор приводит практический пример перехода этнонима чукча из региолекта регионализма в ядро литературного языка и указывает на основные причины того, почему женский дериват данного этнонима, чукчанка, по настоящее время остаётся на периферии и малоизвестен за пределами компактного проживания народа. Regional onomastics is an entangled system that involves names circulating in a specific region, which can be relatively well-known or almost unfamiliar outwards. Today, onomastics is an independent branch of science having as its subject of study both lexemes certainly related to proper names (e. g.: toponyms, hydronyms) and lexemes which lie at the border of propriatives and appellatives, including ethnonyms. Region’s onyms studying helps to find out linguistic links between non-related neighbouring languages, to elicit dialectal features, to discover the places of peoples’ previous habitation, to identify cultural interaction and language borrowings – for that reason this topic is of particular relevance. Regional onyms can be regionalisms from the angle of regional linguistics, insofar as they are representative of a particular locality, but are of little notice or almost unknown beyond of it. This article introduces the concept of onomastic regionalism for clearer description of local onomastic realities in the context of regional linguistics and indicates the difference of onomastic regionalism from the term regional onym. As a rule, ethnonyms of small-numbered peoples do not have wide distribution outside their bearers’ places of residence; for that reason, the author considers them onomastic regionalisms. The study of small ethnic and subethnic groups’ names in Russia it still not sufficient from the point of their regional component, this relates especially to the ethnonyms of the Russian North-East; in that regard, the present topic still abides high relevance of research. The ethnonyms of the Russian North- Eastern indigenous peoples do not have detailed investigation from the position of their involvement in the Far Eastern regional onomasticon. In the present paper the author restrains at investigation of two ethnonyms of one small-numbered people in the Russian North-East – Chukchi; he describes its men and women’s official names, Chukcha and Chukchanka, from the view of the lexical units’ simultaneous attribution to literary language and regiolect. This paper is a theoretical study of the question that the ethnonyms Chukcha and Chukchanka belong to onomastic regionalisms. The author gives a practical example of the Chukcha ethnonym transition from the regiolect to the core of the literary language and gives the reasons why the female derivative of this ethnonym, Chukchanka, remains in the language periphery and of little notice outside Chikchi’s habitat.


Author(s):  
Daria K. Markova

The problem of the use of violence as an argument in communication in the North-East Caucasus before the start of Russian policy activation is considered. An assessment of the mountaineers' raiding practice to adjacent territories is given. That had the most painful effect on the situation in Georgia, which even had to buy off enemy invasions, which had acquired a regular, seasonal character. The influence of this factor on the specifics of Russian-North Caucasian relations is being clarified. After Russian settlements began to appear in the region, the vector of the mountain invasion moved from the south to the north. This could not but cause a response, a very harsh reaction from the empire. The question about the role of hunting trips in the socialization of mountain youthis raised. The circumstances of the use of raids to reduce social contradictions within local societies, their role in the selection of the nobility are examined. One of the consequences of such steps will be the spread of the slave trade. It is suggested that the ideology formed as a result of these actions will become the foundation for the teaching of Muridism in the future. An attempt of the Russian Empire to force the mountaineers to abandon such actions will cause a hostile reaction and result in fierce resistance.


Author(s):  
Sergey B. Kuklev ◽  
Vladimir A. Silkin ◽  
Valeriy K. Chasovnikov ◽  
Andrey G. Zatsepin ◽  
Larisa A. Pautova ◽  
...  

On June 7, 2018, a sub-mesoscale anticyclonic eddy induced by the wind (north-east) was registered on the shelf in the area of the city of Gelendzhik. With the help of field multidisciplinary expedition ship surveys, it was shown that this eddy exists in the layer above the seasonal thermocline. At the periphery of the eddy weak variability of hydrochemical parameters and quantitative indicators of phytoplankton were recorded. The result of the formation of such eddy structure was a shift in the structure of phytoplankton – the annual observed coccolithophores bloom was not registered.


2017 ◽  
Vol 98 (7) ◽  
pp. 1619-1644 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Dias Pimenta ◽  
Bruno Garcia Andrade ◽  
Ricardo Silva Absalão

A taxonomic revision of the Nystiellidae from Brazil, including samples from the Rio Grande Rise, South Atlantic, was performed based on shell morphology. Five genera and 17 species were recognized. For the richest genus,Eccliseogyra, the three species previously recorded from Brazil were revised:E. brasiliensisandE. maracatu, previously known only from their respective type series, were re-examined. Newly available material ofE. maracatuexpanded the known geographic range of this species to off south-east Brazil.Eccliseogyra nitidais now recorded from north-eastern to south-eastern Brazil, as well as from the Rio Grande Rise. Three species ofEccliseogyraare newly recorded from the South Atlantic:E. monnioti, previously known from the north-eastern Atlantic, occurs off eastern Brazil and on the Rio Grande Rise; its protoconch is described for the first time, confirming its family allocation.Eccliseogyra pyrrhiasoccurs off eastern Brazil and on the Rio Grande Rise, andE. folinioff eastern Brazil. The genusIphitusis newly recorded from the South Atlantic.Iphitus robertsiwas found off northern Brazil, although the shells show some differences from the type material, with less-pronounced spiral keels. Additional new finds showed thatIphitus cancellatusranges from eastern Brazil to the Rio Grande Rise, and Iphitusnotiossp. nov. is restricted to the Rio Grande Rise.Narrimania, previously recorded from Brazil based on dubious records, is confirmed, including the only two living species described for the genus:N. azelotes, previously only known from the type locality in Florida, andN. concinna, previously known from the Mediterranean. A third species,Narrimania raquelaesp. nov. is described from eastern Brazil, diagnosed by its numerous and thinner cancellate sculpture. To the three species ofOpaliopsispreviously known from Brazil, a fourth species,O. arnaldoisp. nov., is added from eastern Brazil, and diagnosed by its very thin spiral sculpture, absence of a varix, and thinner microscopic parallel axial striae.Papuliscala nordestina, originally described from north-east Brazil, is recorded off eastern Brazil and synonymized withP. elongata, a species previously known only from the North Atlantic.


In this paper the author investigates the periodical variations of the winds, rain and temperature, corresponding to the conditions of the moon’s declination, in a manner similar to that he has already followed in the case of the barometrical variations, on a period of years extending from 1815 to 1832 inclusive. In each case he gives tables of the average quantities for each week, at the middle of which the moon is in the equator, or else has either attained its maximum north or south declination. He thus finds that a north-east wind is most promoted by the constant solar influence which causes it, when the moon is about the equator, going from north to south; that a south-east wind, in like manner, prevails most when the moon is proceeding to acquire a southern declination ; that winds from the south and west blow more when the moon is in her mean degrees of declination, going either way, than with a full north or south declination ; and that a north-west wind, the common summer and fair weather wind of the climate, affects, in like manner, the mean declination, in either direction, in preference to the north or south, and most when the moon is coming north. He finds the average annual depth of rain, falling in the neighbourhood of London, is 25’17 inches.


1994 ◽  
Vol 161 ◽  
pp. 21-33
Author(s):  
H.F Jepsen ◽  
J.C Escher ◽  
J.D Friderichsen ◽  
A.K Higgins

Late Archaean and Early Proterozoic crust-forming events in North-East and eastern North Greenland were succeeded by Middle Proterozoic sedimentation and volcanic activity; Late Proterozoic through Tertiary sedimentation was interrupted by several periods of tectonic activity, including the Caledonian orogeny in East Greenland and the Mesozoic deformation of the Wandel Hav mobile belt. Photogeological studies helped pinpoint areas of special interest which were investigated during the short 1993 field season. Insights gained during field work include: the nature of the crystalline basement terrain in the Caledonian fold belt, redefinition of the upper boundary of the Upper Proterozoic Rivieradal sandstones, revision of Caledonian nappe terminology, and the northern extension of the Caledonian Storstrømmen shear zone.


Author(s):  
J.R. Ellis ◽  
M.G. Pawson ◽  
S.E. Shackley

The stomach contents of ten species of elasmobranch from the north-eastern Atlantic indicate that most are generalist predators, eating a variety of polychaetes, molluscs, crustaceans and teleosts. Two species, Mustelus asterias and Squatina scjuatina were found to be specialist feeders, consuming portunid crabs and pleuronectids, respectively. Measures for both dietary breadth and dietary overlap are given and the implications of elasmobranch predation on the prey communities and on commercial species are discussed.


Author(s):  
Supriya Dam

India's North Eastern Region (NER) stretches from the foothills of the Himalayas in the eastern range and is surrounded by international borders with countries like Bangladesh, Bhutan, China (Tibet Autonomous Region), Nepal, and Myanmar. The landlocked region is constrained by a brief spell of insurgency, and dismal unemployment has affected the region's progress since 1947. The advent of the Look East Policy coupled with a number of South Asia sub-regional arrangements with neighboring countries opened a “Pandora's Box” for this region. The SASEC initiatives of ADB helped to improve the status of tourism and infrastructure, including roads, air connectivity, and also opened cross-border land routes and roads within the North East (NE). The present study takes stock of tourism development from a sustainability perspective and examines the implementation of the SASEC tourism project in eight NE States of India with a view to suggest priority areas for action for promotion of tourism in this region.


Author(s):  
Supriya Dam

India's North Eastern Region (NER) stretches from the foothills of the Himalayas in the eastern range and is surrounded by international borders with countries like Bangladesh, Bhutan, China (Tibet Autonomous Region), Nepal, and Myanmar. The landlocked region is constrained by a brief spell of insurgency, and dismal unemployment has affected the region's progress since 1947. The advent of the Look East Policy coupled with a number of South Asia sub-regional arrangements with neighboring countries opened a “Pandora's Box” for this region. The SASEC initiatives of ADB helped to improve the status of tourism and infrastructure, including roads, air connectivity, and also opened cross-border land routes and roads within the North East (NE). The present study takes stock of tourism development from a sustainability perspective and examines the implementation of the SASEC tourism project in eight NE States of India with a view to suggest priority areas for action for promotion of tourism in this region.


1982 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Hertel ◽  
C.-F. Zhao

AbstractTwenty-five mainly crustose and saxicolous lichens are reported from the subalpine and alpine belts of Mt Changbai (n.-e. China, near the Korean border). All are new records to the lichen flora of the north-eastern provinces of China, 12 of them to the flora of all China, and four to the flora of all Asia. There is some floristic similarity to some other areas with cool humid climates in the Northern Hemisphere, e.g. Iceland.


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