Development, Growth, and Survival of Lepeophtheirus Salmonis (Copepoda: Caligidae) Under Laboratory Conditions

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 425-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. C. Johnson ◽  
L. J. Albright
Keyword(s):  
Adult Female ◽  
Survival Data ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Development Time ◽  
Lepeophtheirus Salmonis ◽  
Survival Times ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Average Survival ◽  
Copepodid Stage ◽  
The Mean

Development, growth, and survival data derived from laboratory experiments are provided for Lepeophtheirus salmonis, a common ectoparasite of wild and sea-farmed salmonids. The mean development time of eggs was 419·1 hours (17·5 days) at 5°C, 207·1 hours (8·6 days) at 10°C, and 130·8 hours (5·5 days) at 15°C. Development from the first nauplius to the infectious copepodid stage took 222·3 hours (9·3 days) at 5°C, 87·4 hours (3·6 days) at 10°C, and 44·8 (1·9 days) hours at 15°C. Development from the egg to the adult male took 40 days, and from the egg to the adult female 52 days at 10°C. No egg development occurred at 10‰ salinity. At 15‰ eggs developed but failed to produce active nauplii. At higher salinities (20–3‰) active nauplii were produced, but copepodids were only obtained at 30‰. Copepodids survived for less than 1 day in waters with a salinity of 10‰ or less. At higher salinities (15–30‰) and temperatures of 5,10, and 15°C average survival times ranged between 2 and 8 days.

Urn sampling, interval censoring and proportional hazard models

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 361-379
Author(s):  
Lu Zheng ◽  
Marvin Zelen
Keyword(s):  
Survival Data ◽  
Interval Censoring ◽  
Interval Length ◽  
Hazard Models ◽  
Proportional Hazard ◽  
Survival Times ◽  
Proportional Hazard Models ◽  
Interval Censored ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Censored Observations

This paper proposes a new distribution-free statistical method for testing hypotheses about covariates for survival data having simultaneously right-, left- and interval-censored survival times. The new test is motivated by the analogue between urn sampling and the Cox’s proportional hazard models. Investigations of the significance levels and power as a function of the proportion of interval-censored observations and interval length show that the test performs well for most censoring situations encountered in practice. Simulation results also suggest that there is negligible loss of power in the practical situation in which the mean interval length for interval-censored observations is less than the mean survival time. This holds even with heavy interval censoring. Comparison with the widely used Mantel’s method for comparing two groups shows that the power of the new method appears to be superior. Furthermore, the test is relatively simple to carry out and generalizes to comparing k populations as well as the testing of general linear hypothesis for arbitrary covariates.

Virulence of Metarhizium brunneum (Ascomycota: Hypocreales) Strains Against Stinkbugs Euschistus heros and Dichelops furcatus (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (5) ◽  
pp. 2540-2545
Author(s):  
G Resquín-Romero ◽  
C Cabral-Antúnez ◽  
H Sarubbi-Orue ◽  
I Garrido-Jurado ◽  
P Valverde-García ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survival Time ◽  
Median Survival ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Virulent Strain ◽  
Survival Times ◽  
Average Survival Time ◽  
Native Strain ◽  
Average Survival ◽  
Euschistus Heros ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Three strains of fungi belonging to the genus Metarhizium Sorokīn (ARSEF 4556, ARSEF 3297, native strain) were assayed against adults and nymphs of the Neotropical brown stinkbug Euschistus heros (F.) and the green-belly stinkbug Dichelops furcatus (F.). The most virulent strain, ARSEF 4556, caused over 90% mortality. The average survival time of the second and fifth instar nymphs and adults following immersion in 1 × 108 conidia ml−1 was 4.8, 5.7, and 5.2 d, respectively. The second instar nymphs were more susceptible than the adults. The LC50 values and median survival times for second instar and adult E. heros were 1.6 × 107 and 3.1 × 107 conidia ml−1 and 6 and 8 d, respectively. Eggs of E. heros and the closely related stinkbug, D. furcatus, were highly susceptible to ARSEF 4556 with the mean mortality of eggs immersed in 1 × 108 conidia ml−1 being 77.4% and 89.7%, respectively. The strain 3297 showed also good aptitudes for stinkbugs control with mortalities higher than 80% against nymphs and adults and eggs mortalities of 75.5% for E. heros and 79.6% for D. furcatus. This study has shown that it is possible to have a two-pronged control strategy, targeting adults and to reduce oviposition and targeting egg clusters to prevent emergence and dispersal of nymphs. Besides early instars of nymphs have been shown to be more susceptible to the fungal strains than late instars and adults.

scholarly journals Prospective cohort study of surgical outcome for spinal metastases in patients aged 70 years or older

2020 ◽  
Vol 102-B (12) ◽  
pp. 1709-1716
Author(s):  
Yutaro Kanda ◽  
Kenichiro Kakutani ◽  
Yoshitada Sakai ◽  
Takashi Yurube ◽  
Shingo Miyazaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Performance Status ◽  
Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group ◽  
Spinal Metastases ◽  
Palliative Surgery ◽  
Advanced Age ◽  
Health State ◽  
Survival Times ◽  
The Mean

Aims With recent progress in cancer treatment, the number of advanced-age patients with spinal metastases has been increasing. It is important to clarify the influence of advanced age on outcomes following surgery for spinal metastases, especially with a focus on subjective health state values. Methods We prospectively analyzed 101 patients with spinal metastases who underwent palliative surgery from 2013 to 2016. These patients were divided into two groups based on age (< 70 years and ≥ 70 years). The Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status (PS), Barthel index (BI), and EuroQol-5 dimension (EQ-5D) score were assessed at study enrolment and at one, three, and six months after surgery. The survival times and complications were also collected. Results In total, 65 patients were aged < 70 years (mean 59.6 years; 32 to 69) and 36 patients were aged ≥ 70 years (mean 75.9 years; 70 to 90). In both groups, the PS improved from PS3 to PS1 by spine surgery, the mean BI improved from < 60 to > 80 points, and the mean EQ-5D score improved from 0.0 to > 0.7 points. However, no significant differences were found in the improvement rates and values of the PS, BI, and EQ-5D score at any time points between the two groups. The PS, BI, and EQ-5D score improved throughout the follow-up period in approximately 90% of patients in each group. However, the improved PS, BI, and EQ-5D scores subsequently deteriorated in some patients, and the redeterioration rate of the EQ-5D was significantly higher in patients aged ≥ 70 than < 70 years (p = 0.027). Conclusion Palliative surgery for spinal metastases improved the PS, activities of daily living, and quality of life, regardless of age. However, clinicians should be aware of the higher risk of redeterioration of the quality of life in advanced-age patients. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2020;102-B(12):1709–1716.

scholarly journals Different chest CT scoring systems in patients with COVID-19: could baseline CT be a helpful tool in predicting survival in patients with matched ages and co-morbid conditions?

2021 ◽  
pp. 028418512110063
Author(s):  
Okan Dilek ◽  
Emin Demirel ◽  
Hüseyin Akkaya ◽  
Mehmet Cenk Belibagli ◽  
Gokhan Soker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Severity Score ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Scoring Systems ◽  
Survival Prediction ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Survival Times ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Early Decision ◽  
Age Range

Background Computed tomography (CT) gives an idea about the prognosis in patients with COVID-19 lung infiltration. Purpose To evaluate the success rates of various scoring methods utilized in order to predict survival periods, on the basis of the imaging findings of COVID-19. Another purpose, on the other hand, was to evaluate the agreements among the evaluating radiologists. Material and Methods A total of 100 cases of known COVID-19 pneumonia, of which 50 were deceased and 50 were living, were included in the study. Pre-existing scoring systems, which were the Total Severity Score (TSS), Chest Computed Tomography Severity Score (CT-SS), and Total CT Score, were utilized, together with the Early Decision Severity Score (ED-SS), which was developed by our team, to evaluate the initial lung CT scans of the patients obtained at their initial admission to the hospital. The scans were evaluated retrospectively by two radiologists. Area under the curve (AUC) values were acquired for each scoring system, according to their performances in predicting survival times. Results The mean age of the patients was 61 ± 14.85 years (age range = 18–87 years). There was no difference in co-morbidities between the living and deceased patients. The survival predicted AUC values of ED-SS, CT-SS, TSS, and Total CT Score systems were 0.876, 0.823, 0.753, and 0.744, respectively. Conclusion Algorithms based on lung infiltration patterns of COVID-19 may be utilized for both survival prediction and therapy planning.

The Prognostic Significance of DNA Topoisomerase II-alpha (Ki-S1), p21/Cip-1, and p27/Kip-1 Protein Immunoexpression in Oligodendrogliomas

2001 ◽  
Vol 125 (7) ◽  
pp. 892-898 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrey Korshunov ◽  
Andrey Golanov
Keyword(s):  
Topoisomerase Ii ◽  
World Health ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Image Analyzer ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Dna Topoisomerase Ii ◽  
Survival Times ◽  
Topoisomerase Ii Alpha ◽  
Dna Topoisomerase ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Objective.—To evaluate a possible association between clinical outcome of patients with oligodendroglioma and expression of 2 cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors, p21/Cip-1 (p21) and p27/Kip-1 (p27), and of DNA topoisomerase II-alpha (Ki-S1), which has been recently used as a marker of cellular proliferation. Design.—Ninety-one specially selected patients with cerebral oligodendrogliomas treated with surgery and radiotherapy were studied retrospectively. Tumor specimens were immunohistochemically examined with antibodies to p21, p27, and Ki-S1. A computerized color image analyzer was used to count immunostained nuclei. Results.—The mean Ki-S1 labeling index (LI) was found to be significantly prominent for World Health Organization (WHO) high-grade tumors (9.5% vs 3.2% for WHO low-grade tumors). In contrast, the mean p27 LI was significantly higher for low-grade tumors (43.3% vs 25.7% for high-grade tumors). The number of p21-positive cases and the mean p21 LI were found to be relatively equal for low- and high-grade tumors. For low-grade oligodendrogliomas, the progression-free and overall survival times were found to be significantly shorter for tumors with p27 LIs less than 20%. For high-grade oligodendrogliomas, survival times were significantly reduced for tumors with Ki-S1 LIs greater than 10%. Regression-tree analysis identified 4 groups of oligodendrogliomas with distinctly different outcomes: (1) 32 patients with low-grade tumors and p27 LIs greater than 20%; (2) 14 patients with low-grade tumors and p27 LIs less than 20%; (3) 25 patients with high-grade tumors and Ki-S1 LIs less than 10%; and (4) 20 patients with high-grade tumors and Ki-S1 LIs greater than 10%. Conclusions.—Immunoreactivity for Ki-S1 and p27 was found to be useful for further subdividing oligodendroglioma prognoses among low-grade and high-grade tumors. It seems unlikely that p21 immunohistochemistry will be of value for determining clinical outcomes for patients with oligodendrogliomas.

EPID-10. GLIOMA INCIDENCE AND SURVIVAL BY INCOME LEVEL IN THE UNITED STATES GENERAL POPULATION AGES AND ABOVE FROM 2000-2018

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (Supplement_6) ◽  
pp. vi87-vi88
Author(s):  
Jennifer Murillo ◽  
Elizabeth Anyanda ◽  
Jason Huang
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
General Population ◽  
Survival Data ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
The United States ◽  
Income Level ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Research Database ◽  
Income Levels ◽  
Average Survival

Abstract Gliomas are the most common primary malignant brain tumor in the United States with previous studies showing the incidence varied by age, sex, and race or ethnicity. Survival after diagnosis has also been shown to vary by these factors. Also, socioeconomic status and its association with various cancers have also been studied at length over time. PURPOSE: The purpose of our research was to quantify the differences in incidence and survival rates of gliomas in 15 years and older by income level. METHODS: This population-based study obtained incidence and survival data from the Incidence-SEER Research Database the general population. Average age incidence were generated by glioma groups and grouped by income levels. Survival rates were generated by overall glioma diagnosis grouped by observed survival at 12, 24, 36, 48 and 60 months and by again by income levels. The analysis included 94,207 patients with glioma diagnosed in those aged 15 years or older. RESULTS: Overall, 94, 207 patients diagnosed with glioma were analyzed. Of these, 1,089 (1.16%) fell into the &lt; $35k group, 1,684 (1.79%) in the $35k-$40k group, 3,473 (3.69%) in the $40k-$45k group, 5,647 (5.99%) in the $45k-$50k group, 7,138 (7.58%) in the $50k-$55k group, 6,468 (6.87%) in the $55k-$60k group, 15,348 (16.29%) in the $60k-$65k group, 13,216 (14.03%) in the $65k-$70k group, 9,035 (9.59%) in the $70k-$75k group, and 31,109 (33.02%) fell in &gt; $75k group. The data was also broken further down into survivability showing average survival. CONCLUSION: Incidence of glioma and 12, 24, 36, 48 and 60 month survival rates after diagnosis vary significantly by income level with higher income level greater than $75,000+ having higher incidence and higher survival rates compared with lower income levels. Further research is needed to help determine risk factors and barriers to care to help reveal health disparities.

scholarly journals The Murine Ependymoblastoma: Growth Pattern and Survival in C57B1/6J Mice

1983 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul J. Muller ◽  
Kyu H. Shin ◽  
Doo H. Shin
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tumor ◽  
Tumor Cell ◽  
Growth Pattern ◽  
Dose Assessment ◽  
Immunologic Response ◽  
Survival Times ◽  
Transplantable Tumor ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Cell Dose ◽  
Point Solution

SUMMARY:The murine ependymoblastoma is a transplantable tumor of cerebral origin. The growth pattern and survival times of the murine ependymoblastoma implanted peripherally and intracranially in non nude C57B1/6J mice have been found to be predictable and consistent when examined by means of Tumor Cell Dose Assessment (end point solution), Tumor Growth and Survival Assessment. The results suggest that a greater tumor cell dose is required to generate peripheral tumor take than brain tumor take. This difference may result from a greater immunologic response to tumor implanted peripherally than into the immunologically privileged brain.

scholarly journals Vertical Round Buoyant Jets and Fountains in a Linearly, Density-Stratified Fluid

Fluids ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 232
Author(s):  
Panos N. Papanicolaou ◽  
George C. Stamoulis
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Coefficient Function ◽  
Buoyant Jets ◽  
Asymptotic Values ◽  
Entrainment Coefficient ◽  
Source Level ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Negatively Buoyant ◽  
Negatively Buoyant Jets

Turbulent round buoyant jets and fountains issuing vertically into a linearly density-stratified calm ambient have been investigated in a series of laboratory experiments. The terminal (steady-state) height of rise and the mean elevation of subsequent horizontal spreading have been measured in positively buoyant jets (at source level), including pure momentum jets and plumes, as well in momentum-driven negatively buoyant jets (fountains). The results from experiments confirmed the asymptotic analysis that was based on dimensional arguments. The normalized terminal height and spreading elevation with respect to the elevation of injection of momentum-driven (positively) buoyant jets and fountains attained the same asymptotic values. The numerical results from the solution of entrainment equations, using an improved entrainment coefficient function, confirmed the results related to buoyancy dominant flows (plumes), while their predictions in momentum-driven flows were quite low if compared to measurements.

scholarly journals Life Tables of Two-Spotted Spider Mite Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) and its Predator Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias-Henriot (Acari: Phytoseiidae)

1970 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Fazlul Hoque ◽  
W Islam ◽  
M Khalequzzaman
Keyword(s):  
Tetranychus Urticae ◽  
Generation Time ◽  
Development Time ◽  
Phytoseiulus Persimilis ◽  
Reproductive Rate ◽  
Finite Capacity ◽  
Net Reproductive Rate ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Capacity For Increase

Life table of Tetranychus urticae and Phytoseiulus persimilis on bean leaflets were studied under laboratory conditions in three seasons. For T. urticae the development time from egg to adult varied from 7 to 24 days and the highest immature mortality was 78.70 % in winter. Eggs laid by females were 88.1 eggs in autumn and 70.6 eggs in summer season. The gross reproductive rate (GRR) was the highest (65.51) in autumn and 52.50 in summer. The net reproductive rate (Ro) was the highest (15.862) in autumn and 8.916 in summer. The intrinsic rates of increase (rm) and finite capacity for increase (λ) reached maximal values (0.1873 and 1.206) in autumn, whereas minimal values (0.056 and 1.058) were in winter season. The mean generation time (T) was the shortest in summer and double (3.701) days in autumn. The development time of P. persimilis from egg to adult varied from 5 to 14 days. The highest immature mortality was 60% in summer. Eggs laid by females were 39.4 eggs in autumn and 30.2 eggs in summer. The gross reproductive rate (GRR) was the highest (31.4) in autumn and 24.0 in summer. The net reproductive rate (Ro) was the highest (10.573) in autumn and 8.460 in winter. The intrinsic rates of increase (rm) and finite capacity for increase (λ) reached maximal values (0.1823 and 1.200) in summer, whereas minimal values (0.1025 and 1.108) were in winter. The mean generation time (T) was the shortest in summer. The results suggested that P. persimilis could develop and reproduce within a wide range of temperatures. Key words: Tetranychus urticae, Phytoseiulus persimilis, immature mortality, intrinsic rates of increase, reproductive rate, Survival  DOI:10.3329/jbs.v16i0.3733 J. bio-sci. 16: 1-10, 2008

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