Method for determination of fat percentage in unicellular algae

1962 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 485-492
Author(s):  
Dorothy M. Collyer
Keyword(s):  
Phaeodactylum Tricornutum ◽  
Algal Species ◽  
Isochrysis Galbana ◽  
Soxhlet Extraction ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Unicellular Algae ◽  
Total Fatty Acids ◽  
Algal Material ◽  
Monodus Subterraneus

The method, which is suitable for algae down to 2 μ in diameter, determines the weight of total fatty acids (however originally combined) and total unsaponifiable fat-soluble matter in fresh algal material containing 20–280 mg total dry matter. The chemical treatment is based on that of Belin (1926). Experience with variations of the method on several algal species is described. Preliminary Soxhlet extraction with 95% ethanol for 18 h removed virtually all the lipid from the algae, ready for purification and further analysis, in the cases of Chlorella marina, C. vulgaris and Scotiella sp. (Chlorophyceae), Tribonema aequale (Xanthophyceae), Isochrysis galbana (Chrysophyceae) and Phaeodactylum tricornutum (Bacillariophyceae). This extraction was not efficient, however, in the cases of two members of the Myxophyceae (Anabaena cylindrica and Microcoleus vaginatus) and one of the Rhodophyceae (Porphyridium cruentum). The fat metabolism of these two classes is known to differ from that of other classes, but a similar inefficiency in the case of Monodus subterraneus (Xanthophyceae) is unexplained. In such cases supplementary processes were necessary to achieve full extraction. The methods are described in detail.

Biochemical study of attached macroalgae from the Madeira Archipelago and beach-cast macroalgae from the Canary Islands: multivariate analysis to determine bioresource potential

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 283-298
Author(s):  
Nuno Nunes ◽  
Sofia Valente ◽  
Sónia Ferraz ◽  
Maria Carmo Barreto ◽  
Miguel A.A. Pinheiro de Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Study ◽  
Algal Species ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Total Carotenoids ◽  
The North ◽  
Madeira Archipelago ◽  
Total Carbohydrates ◽  
Beach Cast

AbstractFifteen attached macroalgae from the Madeira Archipelago, comprising three green, three red and nine brown algal species, as well as two beach-cast macroalgal samples, collected along the north shore of Gran Canaria, were assessed for their biochemical properties. The analysis included the determination of total minerals, total carbohydrates, protein, lipids, chlorophyll a, total carotenoids, total phenolic content, fucoxanthin and phycobilins (allophycocyanin, phycocyanin and phycoerythrin). The results showed a high variability of biochemical composition, allowing for the targetting of specific bioresources for particular purposes, including functional foods. This work provides the foundation for a biorefinery strategy implementation plan, for which specific macroalgae may be targeted for valuable and beneficial compounds.

Determination of body fat percentage by electrocardiography signal with gender based artificial intelligence

2021 ◽  
Vol 68 ◽  
pp. 102650
Author(s):  
Muhammed Kürşad Uçar ◽  
Zeliha Uçar ◽  
Kübra Uçar ◽  
Mehmet Akman ◽  
Mehmet Recep Bozkurt
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Body Fat Percentage ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Gender Based

scholarly journals Analysis of Bread Lipids for 3-MCPD Esters

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (Special Issue 1) ◽  
pp. S417-S420 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Doležal ◽  
J. Kertisová ◽  
Z. Zelinková ◽  
J. Velíšek
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Soxhlet Extraction ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Spectrometry Method ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Method ◽  
Rye Flour ◽  
Mcpd Esters

Objective of this work was determination of processing contaminant known as 3-MCPD (3-chloropropane-1,2-diol) in its free and bound form in breads with defined parameters of processing. Selected and analysed were 24 samples, which represented two sets of breads produced in bakeries equipped with a continual line. In all cases determinations were carried out for breadcrumb and crust separately. The first set of samples were wheat-rye breads produced chronologically in ten days in the bakery Michelská pekárna, slightly different in temperatures and times of baking. The second set contained 14 samples of wheat-rye breads with a content of rye flour less than 40% differing in the yeast type and acidity. These breads were produced in the bakery Kontinua. The fat content was determined in all samples by Soxhlet extraction. Free and bound 3-MCPD was determined by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry method. Concentration of free 3-MCPD in samples was at interval < 9–54.5 &mu;g/kg. Concentration of bound 3-MCPD was at interval 1.56–23.60 mg/kg of fat (i.e. 5.7–84.9 &mu;g/kg of sample).

Analytical Method for Measuring SBR Tire Debris in the Environment

1974 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 150-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wanda Brachaczek ◽  
W. R. Pierson
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Method ◽  
Soxhlet Extraction ◽  
Spectroscopic Determination ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopic ◽  
Styrene Butadiene ◽  
Tread Rubber

Abstract A procedure has been developed for assaying submilligram amounts of debris from synthetic tire tread rubber in aerosol samples collected from the atmosphere. The procedure involves separation from the bulk of the sample by Soxhlet extraction with orthodichlorobenzene in a stream of oxygen, followed by infrared spectroscopic determination of the rubber hydrocarbon SBR (styrene-butadiene copolymer) in the extract. The procedure was developed to overcome serious difficulties having to do with the small amounts of rubber normally encountered and with losses of SBR during extraction from aerosol samples. These matters are discussed in some detail and some applications of the method are illustrated.

Diet of European freshwater pearl mussels Margaritifera margaritifera (Mollusca: Bivalvia: Unionoida) in small river (Republic of Karelia, Russia)

2021 ◽  
Vol 325 (4) ◽  
pp. 502-515
Author(s):  
S.F. Komulaynen
Keyword(s):  
Algal Species ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Lake Ladoga ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Margaritifera Margaritifera ◽  
Pearl Mussel ◽  
Organic Detritus ◽  
Unicellular Algae ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Intestinal Contents

The freshwater pearl mussel Margaritifera margaritifera (Linnaeus,1758) is endangered in Europe and is now listed in the Red Data Book of many countries and regions. The diet of the species in the Syskyänjoki River (a tributary of Lake Ladoga) has been studied. The contents of the intestine generally correspond to the composition of seston, and include organic detritus, filamentous and unicellular algae, fragments of invertebrates and macrophyte tissues mixed with silt and sand. The total biomass of the intestinal contents of varied from 0.8 to 30.6 mg per organism (absolutely dry weight). Margaritifera margaritifera consumes a wide range of particles, from 0.5 μm3 (bacteria and unicellular algae) to 200 000 μm3 (fragments of invertebrates and macrophyte tissues). About 90–95% (by volume) of the intestinal contents was consisted by fine organic detritus. The food composition did not differ significantly for mollusks of different sexes and size. In the intestinal contents, 63 taxa of algae were identified. The number of algal species in the content of one intestine varied from 3 to 17, with their abundance from 250 to 9560 cells per organism. The most abundant and constant in the contents of the intestines are unicellular algae. Diatoms are the most diverse, they make up 50.8% of the total number of species.

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