A description of the skeletal development pattern of the temperate coral Caryophyllia smithi based on internal growth lines

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 375-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Nagelkerken ◽  
G. van der Velde ◽  
P.H. van Avesaath
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Development ◽  
Skeletal Structure ◽  
Coral Tissue ◽  
Development Pattern ◽  
Edge Zone ◽  
Temperate Coral ◽  
Polyp Tissue ◽  
Upward Growth ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Strong Attachment

Scanning electron microscopy was used to study the microstructure and internal growth lines of the temperate ahermatypic coral Caryophyllia smithi (Cnidaria: Anthozoa). The arrangement of internal growth lines in combination with the orientation of aragonite crystals were used to describe the pattern of skeletal development in C. smithi. The observed pattern was verified using observations from another study on skeletal development in C. smithi, but which was based only on external observations of skeletons of living and dead specimens in different stages of development. The pattern of skeletal development in C. smithi is suggested to be subdivided into three stages, based on the deposition of specific skeletal elements during the development of the skeleton. In the first ‘juvenile’ stage, various primary skeletal elements are formed: the basal plate, the septa and a primary and secondary septotheca. The second ‘half full grown’ stage is characterized by development of apparently only an extended basal attachment, which enlarges the attachment area to the substratum. In the third ‘full grown’ stage, the edge zone of the polyp tissue is retracted from the extended basal attachment to the calice, and upward growth of the coral predominates followed by lateral thickening of the septotheca, costae, septa and columella. Internal growth lines were found throughout the skeleton and may be composed of, or resulting from the presence of organic matter. The septotheca and the extended basal attachment, which are important for a strong skeletal structure and a strong attachment to the substratum, respectively, are probably thickened faster than the other skeletal elements. Attachment scars were found in areas where attachment of the coral tissue to the skeleton is critical.

Design of objective lens for 200-kV high-resolution electron microscopes

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 314-315
Author(s):  
K. Tsuno ◽  
T. Honda ◽  
Y. Harada ◽  
M. Naruse
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Computer Technology ◽  
Axial Magnetic Field ◽  
Chromatic Aberration ◽  
Objective Lens ◽  
Resolution Electron ◽  
Correction Of Astigmatism ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Electron Microscopes ◽  
Stage 1

Developement of computer technology provides much improvements on electron microscopy, such as simulation of images, reconstruction of images and automatic controll of microscopes (auto-focussing and auto-correction of astigmatism) and design of electron microscope lenses by using a finite element method (FEM). In this investigation, procedures for simulating the optical properties of objective lenses of HREM and the characteristics of the new lens for HREM at 200 kV are described.The process for designing the objective lens is divided into three stages. Stage 1 is the process for estimating the optical properties of the lens. Firstly, calculation by FEM is made for simulating the axial magnetic field distributions Bzc of the lens. Secondly, electron ray trajectory is numerically calculated by using Bzc. And lastly, using Bzc and ray trajectory, spherical and chromatic aberration coefficients Cs and Cc are numerically calculated. Above calculations are repeated by changing the shape of lens until! to find an optimum aberration coefficients.

Formation of Dislocation Channels in Neutron Irradiated Molybdenum

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 672-673
Author(s):  
S. Mahajan
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Channel Formation ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Polycrystalline Molybdenum

The evolution of dislocation channels in irradiated metals during deformation can be envisaged to occur in three stages: (i) formation of embryonic cluster free regions, (ii) growth of these regions into microscopically observable channels and (iii) termination of their growth due to the accumulation of dislocation damage. The first two stages are particularly intriguing, and we have attempted to follow the early stages of channel formation in polycrystalline molybdenum, irradiated to 5×1019 n. cm−2 (E > 1 Mev) at the reactor ambient temperature (∼ 60°C), using transmission electron microscopy. The irradiated samples were strained, at room temperature, up to the macroscopic yield point.Figure 1 illustrates the early stages of channel formation. The observations suggest that the cluster free regions, such as A, B and C, form in isolated packets, which could subsequently link-up to evolve a channel.

Fibrin Derivatives, Plasma Hemoglobin and Glomerular Fibrin Deposition in Experimental Intravascular Coagulation

1973 ◽  
Vol 29 (02) ◽  
pp. 363-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. K Beller ◽  
W Theiss
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Measurement ◽  
Plasma Fibrinogen ◽  
Moderate Increase ◽  
Consumption Coagulopathy ◽  
Fibrin Deposition ◽  
Intravascular Coagulation ◽  
Plasma Hemoglobin ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Two Parameters ◽  
Gelation Test

SummaryPlasma fibrinogen, circulating fibrinmonomers (as indicated by a positive ethanol gelation test), fibrinolysis breakdown products and plasma hemoglobin were assayed in 122 rats subjected to endotoxin injection or infusion. The results were correlated with the quantitative measurement of glomerular fibrin deposition. Based on these data four groups were determined : consumption coagulopathy and three stages of increasing severity of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIG).Consumption coagulopathy was defined by a decrease in plasma fibrinogen and a positive ethanol gelation test in the absence of glomerular fibrin deposition. Plasma hemoglobin and fibrinolysis breakdown products were normal or only slightly increased.DIG as characterized by glomerular fibrin deposition was defined as moderate (1 to 20% glomeruli showing fibrin strands), intermediate (21 to 80%), and severe (81 to 100%). Decrease in plasma fibrinogen and frequence of a positive ethanol gelation test in all stages of DIG were only slightly different from the findings in consumption coagulopathy. However, a sharp increase in plasma hemoglobin levels was noted when glomerular fibrin deposition did occur even in small amounts. At this time only a moderate increase was noted in fibrin(ogen) breakdown products. These two parameters increased only slightly in the group of intermediate DIG. Severe DIG was characterized by a massive increase in fibrin (ogen) breakdown products and high levels of plasma hemoglobin.

Nikolay Sieber in the history of prerevolutionary Russian economic thought

2018 ◽  
pp. 95-110
Author(s):  
L. D. Shirokorad
Keyword(s):  
Economic Theory ◽  
Political Economy ◽  
Organic Synthesis ◽  
Marginal Utility ◽  
Economic Thought ◽  
History Of ◽  
Three Stages

This article shows how representatives of various theoretical currents in economics at different times in history interpreted the efforts of Nikolay Sieber in defending and developing Marxian economic theory and assessed his legacy and role in forming the Marxist school in Russian political economy. The article defines three stages in this process: publication of Sieber’s work dedicated to the analysis of the first volume of Marx’s Das Kapital and criticism of it by Russian opponents of Marxian economic theory; assessment of Sieber’s work by the narodniks, “Legal Marxists”, Georgiy Plekhanov, and Vladimir Lenin; the decline in interest in Sieber in light of the growing tendency towards an “organic synthesis” of the theory of marginal utility and the Marxist social viewpoint.

Autómatas Celulares Aplicados al Comportamiento de Células de Cáncer Cervicouterino

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-49
Author(s):  
Tania Muñoz Jiménez ◽  
Aurora Torres Soto ◽  
María Dolores Torres Soto
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Automaton ◽  
Medical Model ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Simulation Algorithm ◽  
Stages Of Development ◽  
Literary Research ◽  
Migration Dynamics ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Best Parameters

En este documento se describe el desarrollo e implementación de un modelo para simular computacionalmente la dinámica del crecimiento y migración del cáncer cervicouterino, considerando sus principales características: proliferación, migración y necrosis, así como sus etapas de desarrollo. El modelo se desarrolló mediante un autómata celular con enfoques paralelo y secuencial. El autómata celular se basó en el modelo de Gompertz para simular las etapas de desarrollo de este cáncer, el cual se dividió en tres etapas cada una con diferentes comportamientos durante la simulación. Se realizó un diseño experimental con parámetros de entrada que se seleccionaron a partir de la investigación literaria y su discusión con médicos expertos. Al final del proceso de investigación, se logró obtener un algoritmo computacional de simulación muy bueno comparado con el modelo médico de Gompertz y se encontraron los mejores parámetros para su ejecución mediante un diseño factorial soportado estadísticamente. This paper describes the development and implementation of a model to computationally simulate the growth and migration dynamics of cervical cancer, considering its main characteristics: proliferation, migration and necrosis, as well as its stages of development. The model was developed by means of a cellular automaton with parallel and sequential approaches. The cellular automaton was based on the model of Gompertz to simulate the stages of development of this cancer, which was divided into three stages, each with different behaviors during the simulation. An experimental design was carried out with input parameters that were selected from literary research and its discussion with expert physicians. At the end of the research process, a very good simulation algorithm was obtained compared to the Gompertz medical model and the best parameters for its execution were found by means of a statistically supported factorial design.

KINERJA iLEARNING RAHARJA ASK AND NEWS (IRAN) DALAM MENDUKUNG KEGIATAN TRIDHARMA IDUHELP!

CCIT Journal ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-33
Author(s):  
Untung Rahardja ◽  
Meta Amalya Dewi ◽  
Fitri Lisnawati
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
System Performance ◽  
Communication Media ◽  
Related Method ◽  
Literature Reviews ◽  
The World ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
System Requirements ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Care System

Advances in information technology and communications which we achieve now actually been recognized and felt in the world of education in general. Currently College Prog implement a Tridharma terms Tridharma iDuHelp!. Tridharma is one of the basic responsibilities that students must be developed simultaneously and together. In this Tridharma still there are problems in the system iDuHelp! service. So IRAN (iLearning Prog Ask and News) in collaboration with iDuHelp! in providing answers and information needed by the student. In its application in Tridharma iDuHelp! IRAN There is a related method in it, such as iLearning methods that are currently being developed. With iLearning method can facilitate conduct research in detail, accurately, and clearly by using mindmapping. Besides the method of analysis is also done with three stages  namely the identification of the problem, identifying needs, and identifying system requirements. In this study using 4 literature reviews that can be used as references in preparing this paper. In this article explained about the problems that arise and solving problems in accurately using the flow Flowchart. In the implementation of the prototype shown iDuHelp! As well as the performance of Iran. So the end result of the study is a system performance to information and communication media of Iran can maximize iDuHelp! care system  It is widely integrated in a university.

Predicting cold-water bleaching in corals: role of temperature, and potential integration of light exposure

2020 ◽  
Vol 642 ◽  
pp. 133-146
Author(s):  
PC González-Espinosa ◽  
SD Donner
Keyword(s):  
Coral Bleaching ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Light Exposure ◽  
Light Attenuation ◽  
Florida Keys ◽  
Cold Temperature ◽  
Warm Water ◽  
Coral Tissue ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Type I

Warm-water growth and survival of corals are constrained by a set of environmental conditions such as temperature, light, nutrient levels and salinity. Water temperatures of 1 to 2°C above the usual summer maximum can trigger a phenomenon known as coral bleaching, whereby disruption of the symbiosis between coral and dinoflagellate micro-algae, living within the coral tissue, reveals the white skeleton of coral. Anomalously cold water can also lead to coral bleaching but has been the subject of limited research. Although cold-water bleaching events are less common, they can produce similar impacts on coral reefs as warm-water events. In this study, we explored the effect of temperature and light on the likelihood of cold-water coral bleaching from 1998-2017 using available bleaching observations from the Eastern Tropical Pacific and the Florida Keys. Using satellite-derived sea surface temperature, photosynthetically available radiation and light attenuation data, cold temperature and light exposure metrics were developed and then tested against the bleaching observations using logistic regression. The results show that cold-water bleaching can be best predicted with an accumulated cold-temperature metric, i.e. ‘degree cooling weeks’, analogous to the heat stress metric ‘degree heating weeks’, with high accuracy (90%) and fewer Type I and Type II errors in comparison with other models. Although light, when also considered, improved prediction accuracy, we found that the most reliable framework for cold-water bleaching prediction may be based solely on cold-temperature exposure.

The Coherence of Mary Barton: Romance, Realism, and Utopia

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 185-200
Author(s):  
Robert Z. Birdwell
Keyword(s):  
Thomas Carlyle ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Mode Of Production

Critics have argued that Elizabeth Gaskell's first novel, Mary Barton (1848), is split by a conflict between the modes of realism and romance. But the conflict does not render the novel incoherent, because Gaskell surpasses both modes through a utopian narrative that breaks with the conflict of form and gives coherence to the whole novel. Gaskell not only depicts what Thomas Carlyle called the ‘Condition of England’ in her work but also develops, through three stages, the utopia that will redeem this condition. The first stage is romantic nostalgia, a backward glance at Eden from the countryside surrounding Manchester. The second stage occurs in Manchester, as Gaskell mixes romance with a realistic mode, tracing a utopian drive toward death. The third stage is the utopian break with romantic and realistic accounts of the Condition of England and with the inadequate preceding conceptions of utopia. This third stage transforms narrative modes and figures a new mode of production.

The effect of mTORC1 on postnatal skeletal development

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Matthews ◽  
Andrew Zannettino ◽  
Stephen Fitter ◽  
Sally Martin
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Development
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