Larval and early post-larval morphology, growth, and behaviour of laboratory reared Lopholithodes foraminatus (brown box crab)

2009 ◽  
Vol 89 (8) ◽  
pp. 1607-1626 ◽  
Author(s):  
William D.P. Duguid ◽  
Louise R. Page
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Larval Growth ◽  
Zoeal Stage ◽  
Hermit Crabs ◽  
Morphological Description ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Larval Behaviour ◽  
Phylogenetic Hypotheses ◽  
Increasing Temperature

The larval and post-larval behaviour, growth, colour, and morphology of the brown box crab (Lopholithodes foraminatus) are described for the first time based on laboratory reared animals. A detailed morphological description is provided for 4 zoeal stages, the glaucothoe, and the first crab instar. Selected morphological changes over the remainder of the first year of development are also described. Data are presented on larval growth at 11°C and on zoeal stage durations at approximately 8°C, 12°C and 16°C. While the 4 zoeal stages are planktotrophic, the glaucothoe does not feed; a life history character that has been termed ‘secondary lecithotrophy’. Growth of L. foraminatus larvae and post-larvae is generally similar to that of other North Pacific lithodids with planktotrophic zoeae. Zoeal stage durations decrease with increasing temperature. This relationship levels off at approximately 16°C, a higher temperature than in lithodid species from colder regions. Carapace morphology is suggested as a diagnostic character of larval and post-larval stages of Lopholithodes foraminatus. Secondary lecithotrophy may be widespread or even universal among lithodids and also occurs in pagurid hermit crabs. If the family Lithodidae is indeed nested within the Paguridae, as suggested by recent phylogenetic hypotheses based on molecular evidence, secondary lecithotrophy may be plesiomorphic in lithodids.

Laboratory-reared larval stages of Dissodactylus mellitae (Decapoda: Braohyura: Pinnotheridae) and developmental patterns within the Dissodactylus species complex

1996 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Marques ◽  
Gerhard Pohle
Keyword(s):  
Species Complex ◽  
Egg Size ◽  
Carapace Length ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Zoeal Stage ◽  
Developmental Patterns ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
The Mean

Eggs of Dissodactylus mellitae were incubated for 9–10 days at 28 °C and larval development consisted of three or four zoeal stages and a megalopa. Beginning with the first zoea, the mean duration of successive stages was 5, 3, 4, and 5 days, the first megalopa appearing 10 days after hatching. Among the megalopae obtained, 87% molted from a third zoea, whereas 13% passed through a fourth zoeal stage before metamorphosing to a megalopa. The last zoea is not considered a substage, since it showed no morphological variation, and molting resulted in growth and consistent morphological changes. Compared with other species within the Dissodactylus complex, the development of D. mellitae represents an intermediary level between three and four zoeal stages. The number of zoeal stages of the ancestor of the Dissodactylus species complex cannot presently be inferred. Among larvae of Dissodactylus s.str., D. mellitae zoeae are characterized by a small carapace with relatively long spines and megalopae by a carapace that is as wide as long. The latter can also be distinguished among Atlantic species by the lack of a dactyl on maxilliped 3, by the absence of serrate setae on the chela, and by the blade of the scaphognathite bearing 5 simple setae but lacking a plumodenticulate seta. Within the Dissodactylus species complex significant relationships were determined between egg size and incubation period and between egg size, carapace length, and time to reach the megalopa stage. Another significant relationship was determined between egg size and the duration of the first zoeal stage, but this correlation did not hold for subsequent stages. Differences in survival rates from those of other species may be attributable to differences in diet and the use of antibiotics.

The effect of temperature and salinity on the larval development of Stenorhynchus seticornis (Brachyura: Inachidae) reared in the laboratory

2010 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 505-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesús E. Hernández ◽  
José Luis Palazón-Fernández ◽  
Gonzalo Hernández ◽  
Juan Bolaños
Keyword(s):  
Larval Development ◽  
Zoeal Stage ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Gradual Reduction ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Percentage Survival ◽  
Temperature Development ◽  
Increasing Temperature ◽  
Crab Stage

Larvae of Stenorhynchus seticornis were reared in the laboratory in a factorial experiment employing three temperatures (22, 25 and 28°C) and three salinities (30, 35 and 40‰) to determine the effects of these variables on the survival and duration of the larval stages. Larvae from five females were subdivided in six groups of 10 and reared in glass bowls containing 125 ml filtered and UV-irradiated seawater at different temperature–salinity combinations. Larvae were transferred daily to clean bowls with newly hatched Artemia nauplii, and the number of moults and mortality within each bowl was recorded. Complete larval development of S. seticornis occurred under all experimental conditions, except at temperature 28°C and salinity 35‰. Salinity affected percentage survival of the two zoeal stages, but not that of the megalopa. Survival of the second zoeal stage, the megalopa, and the complete development to the first crab was affected by temperature, with the greatest survival occurring at 25°C. Duration of the two zoeal stages, the megalopa, and development to the first crab stage showed a gradual reduction with increasing temperature. Development from hatching to the first crab stage required 17 to 31 days and was inversely related to temperature, averaging 26.9 days at 22°C, 21.0 days at 25°C and 19.7 days at 28°C. Salinity affected the duration of the first zoeal stage only.

Morphological description of early zoeal stages of Alpheus brasileiro Anker, 2012 reared in the laboratory, including a revision of the larval morphology of the first zoeal stage of the genus Alpheus Fabricius, 1798 (Caridea: Alpheidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4269 (2) ◽  
pp. 265 ◽  
Author(s):  
RÉGIS A. PESCINELLI ◽  
JOÃO A.F. PANTALEÃO ◽  
FERNANDO L. MANTELATTO ◽  
ROGÉRIO C. COSTA
Keyword(s):  
Species Complex ◽  
Plumose Seta ◽  
Zoeal Stage ◽  
Morphological Description ◽  
Larval Morphology ◽  
High Similarity ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Paulo State ◽  
Simple Seta ◽  
Early Larval Development

The aims of this study were to describe and illustrate the early larval stages of the snapping shrimp Alpheus brasileiro Anker, 2012 and to review the larval morphology (Zoea I) of the genus Alpheus Fabricius, 1798. Larvae were obtained from two females with embryos collected in an intertidal estuary in Cananéia, São Paulo state, Brazil. The published descriptions of all available Alpheus zoea I (only 14 spp., 4.7%) were used for a comparison of larval morphology. The zoeae I of Alpheus species are very similar, but A. brasileiro can be separated from the other studied species by the following set of characteristics: antennal scale 5-segmented with 11 plumose setae and 2 simple setae; coxal endite of maxillule with 3 simple setae and 2 sparsely plumose setae; and coxal endite of maxilla with 1 simple seta and 1 sparsely plumose seta. The description of early larval development of A. brasileiro indicates consistent characteristics, which, when analyzed along with other morphological, molecular, and biogeographical aspects, can help to elucidate the complex phylogenetic relationships between the species in the group. However, this is the first zoeal description of a member of Alpheus       armillatus species complex and it therefore does not permit a comparison. Only with new additional descriptions we will be able to generate a clearer scenario in this field due the high similarity among the species.

A scanning electron microscopic study of the veliger larvae of the scallop argopecten purpuratus

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 284-285
Author(s):  
G.C. Bellolio ◽  
K.S. Lohrmann ◽  
E.M. Dupré
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Description ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopic Study ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Argopecten Purpuratus ◽  
Veliger Larvae ◽  
20 Nm ◽  
Ethanol Series ◽  
Scanning Electron

Argopecten purpuratus is a scallop distributed in the Pacific coast of Chile and Peru. Although this species is mass cultured in both countries there is no morphological description available of the development of this bivalve except for few characterizations of some larval stages described for culture purposes. In this work veliger larvae (app. 140 pm length) were examined by the scanning electron microscope (SEM) in order to study some aspects of the organogenesis of this species.Veliger larvae were obtained from hatchery cultures, relaxed with a solution of MgCl2 and killed by slow addition of 21 glutaraldehyde (GA) in seawater (SW). They were fixed in 2% GA in calcium free artificial SW (pH 8.3), rinsed 3 times in calcium free SW, and dehydrated in a graded ethanol series. The larvae were critical point dried and mounted on double scotch tape (DST). To permit internal view, some valves were removed by slightly pressing and lifting the tip of a cactus spine wrapped with DST, The samples were coated with 20 nm gold and examined with a JEOL JSM T-300 operated at 15 KV.

New Paracalanidae species from the central coast of Brazil: morphological description and molecular evidence

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Flavia Guerra Vieira-Menezes ◽  
Cristina de Oliveira Dias ◽  
Astrid Cornils ◽  
Rosane Silva ◽  
Sérgio Luiz Costa Bonecker
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Description ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Central Coast

scholarly journals Observations on the ciliary currents of the jelly-fish Aurelia aurita L.

1955 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Southward
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Aurelia Aurita ◽  
Gastric Cavity ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Blind Ending ◽  
Lateral Tract

SUMMARYThe jelly-fish Aurelia aurita possesses external and internal ciliary currents that play a large part in food collection and in the transport of food, reproductive products and excretory matter.Adults feed on relatively small organisms, which are collected in mucus on all external surfaces and eventually passed to the inner surfaces of the oral arms.The inner surfaces of the oral arms bear two ciliated tracts which operate simultaneously in opposite directions. The lateral tract carries food materials proximally towards the gastric pouches, but is capable of rejecting inedible matter. The basal tract carries excretory matter distally, away from the gastric pouches and canals to the exterior.Rejection reactions are also found in the gastric pouches and radial canals, parts of which have currents moving in opposite directions on the roof and on the floor. These opposing currents appear to be derived from the system in the ephyra stage, where the circulation in the wide gastric cavity and blind-ending canals is maintained partly by centripetal currents on the floor and centrifugal currents on the roof.The directions of the main currents remain constant throughout the larval stages to the adult, although slight variations are introduced by morphological changes. The currents also remain the same during spawning, when the eggs and sperm leave the gastric pouches by the normal excretory path.Many of the ciliary currents found in Aurelia are present in other semaeostome and rhizostome medusae, but only in Aurelia do the umbrella surfaces and currents play a large part in food collection.

scholarly journals Pathogenesis and characteristics of large ameloblastoma of the jaw: a report of two rare cases

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 030006052110148
Author(s):  
Xue Qiao ◽  
Xing Niu ◽  
Jiayi Liu ◽  
Lijie Chen ◽  
Yan Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Related Gene ◽  
Epithelial Tumor ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Hras Gene

Ameloblastoma is a common odontogenic epithelial tumor that exhibits various biological behaviors, ranging from simple cystic expansion to aggressive solid masses characterized by local invasiveness, a high risk of recurrence, and even malignant transformation. We report on two cases of unusually large solid ameloblastomas. We detected epithelial–mesenchymal transition-related gene expression and HRAS gene single nucleotide polymorphisms, providing possible molecular evidence of mesenchymal morphological changes in ameloblastoma. The detailed analysis of the pathogenesis of these two cases of ameloblastoma may deepen our understanding of this rare disease and offer promising targets for future targeted therapy.

Morphological basis for the complex melting behaviour of isotactic polystyrene

e-Polymers ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmoud Al-Hussein ◽  
Gert Strobl
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Melting Behaviour ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Molten Material ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Isotactic Polystyrene ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Long Period ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Increasing Temperature

AbstractTemperature-dependent small-angle X-ray scattering spectroscopy of isothermally cold crystallized isotactic polystyrene revealed considerable morphological reorganization during subsequent heating to the melt. Both the crystalline thickness and the long period increased continuously with increasing temperature before the samples finally melted. The temperature dependence of these changes correlated very well with the melting behaviour observed with differential scanning calorimetry. As the temperature increased during a heating scan, the initial lamellae that formed during isothermal crystallization showed only little reorganization until they started to melt. Then, the molten material recrystallized continuously into increasingly thicker lamellae at increasing temperature until they finally melted. As the crystallization temperature approached the final melting temperature of the recrystallized lamellae, the initial lamellae melted without further recrystallization and no morphological changes were seen in this case.

scholarly journals Direct introduction of cloned DNA into the sea urchin zygote nucleus, and fate of injected DNA

Development ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 102 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.R. Franks ◽  
B.R. Hough-Evans ◽  
R.J. Britten ◽  
E.H. Davidson
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Larval Growth ◽  
Exogenous Dna ◽  
Zygote Nucleus ◽  
Cell Lineages ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Injection Process ◽  
End To End ◽  
Nuclear Injection ◽  
Cytoplasmic Injection

A method is described for microinjection of cloned DNA into the zygote nucleus of Lytechinus variegatus. Eggs of this species are unusually transparent, facilitating visual monitoring of the injection process. The initial fate of injected DNA fragments appears similar to that observed earlier for exogenous DNA injected into unfertilized egg cytoplasm. Thus after end-to-end ligation, it is replicated after a lag of several hours to an extent indicating that it probably participates in most of the later rounds of DNA synthesis undergone by the host cell genomes during cleavage. The different consequences of nuclear versus cytoplasmic injection are evident at advanced larval stages. Larvae descendant from eggs in which exogenous DNA was injected into the nuclei are four times more likely (32% versus 8%) to retain this DNA in cell lineages that replicate very extensively during larval growth, i.e. the lineages contributing to the imaginal rudiment, and thus to display greatly enhanced contents of the exogenous DNA. Similarly, 36% of postmetamorphic juveniles from a nuclear injection sample retained the exogenous DNA sequences, compared to 12% of juveniles from a cytoplasmic injection sample. However, the number of copies of the exogenous DNA sequences retained per average genome in postmetamorphic juveniles was usually less than 0.1 (range 0.05-50), and genome blot hybridizations indicate that these sequences are organized as integrated, randomly oriented, end-to-end molecular concatenates. It follows that only a small fraction of the cells of the average juvenile usually retains the exogenous sequences. Thus, even when introduced by nuclear microinjection, the stable incorporation of exogenous DNA in the embryo occurs in a mosaic fashion, although in many recipients the DNA enters a wider range of cell lineages than is typical after cytoplasmic injection. Nuclear injection would probably be the route of choice for studies of exogenous DNA function in the postembryonic larval rudiment.

First report of developmental changes inside the eggs of the Chinese freshwater crab, Sinopotamon yangtsekiense Bott, 1967 (Potamoidea, Potamidae), with comments on its evolutionary significance

2010 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junzeng Xue ◽  
Yan Liu ◽  
Neil Cumberlidge ◽  
Huixian Wu
Keyword(s):  
Outer Membrane ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Zhejiang Province ◽  
Developmental Changes ◽  
Evolutionary Significance ◽  
Freshwater Crab ◽  
Yolk Mass ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Inner Membrane ◽  
Larval Stages

This paper focuses on the developmental changes that take place inside the eggs of the semi-terrestrial freshwater crab, Sinopotamon yangtsekiense, from Qiantang River in Zhejiang Province, China. The egg consists of two layers, a thick outer membrane and a thin inner membrane that encloses the fluidfilled embryonic sac. Development in this species took up to 77 days, after which the free-living juvenile hatchling crab emerged from the egg. During development the embryo underwent a series of morphological changes that corresponded to the free-living larval stages of marine crabs, and the yolk mass decreased in size and changed color (from creamy pale yellow, to orange, and finally grey). The eggs remained attached to the pleopods in the female’s abdominal brood pouch during development and showed a great deal of independence from water. Embryos developed normally whether they were immersed in water or in air. The implications of this adaptation for freshwater crab evolution are discussed.

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