An improbable opportunistic predator: the functional morphology ofPinna nobilis(Bivalvia: Pterioida: Pinnidae)

2018 ◽  
Vol 99 (2) ◽  
pp. 359-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Morton ◽  
Sanja Puljas
Keyword(s):  
Functional Morphology ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Prey Capture ◽  
First Record ◽  
Suspension Feeder ◽  
Pinna Nobilis ◽  
Morphological Adaptations ◽  
Opportunistic Predator ◽  
Benthic Prey ◽  
Prey Items

The functional morphology ofPinna nobilisis described, with special reference to the uniquely pinnid pallial organ, the similarly unique buccal (formerly pallial) gland, the stomach and its contents. The pallial gland produces sulphuric acid which as well as functioning as a shell cleaning swab may be involved in prey capture. The buccal gland discharging into the oesophagus has proteolytic digestive functions while the stomach is adapted for the reception and digestion of captured, mucous-bound, mesozooplanktonic and epi- and endo-benthic, prey items.Pinna nobilisis thus not simply either an accidental or incidental predator of such species but is opportunistic. The buccal glands and stomachs of other Pinnidae are not so specialized as inP. nobilis,possibly indicating that in the particular, oligotrophic, environment of the Mediterranean and Adriatic Seas, and in which it is endemic,P. nobilishas, in addition to being a typical ctenidial suspension feeder, become an opportunistic predator. Although the deep sea representatives of the Septibranchia (Anomalodesmata) and Propeamussidae are obligate predators, this is the first record of any bivalve functioning as an opportunistic predator with unique morphological adaptations to facilitate this.

Predation on copepods by an Alaskan cladorhizid sponge

2007 ◽  
Vol 87 (6) ◽  
pp. 1721-1726 ◽  
Author(s):  
Les Watling
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Prey Capture ◽  
Primary Process ◽  
High Lipid ◽  
Very High ◽  
Prey Items ◽  
Scanning Electron

Deep water cladorhizids are now generally thought to be carnivorous. While the methods of prey capture have been established for species of Asbestopluma, and perhaps Chondrocladia, information is sparse for species of Cladorhiza. The external morphology of the deep-sea Alaskan species, Cladorhiza corona, was examined immediately after collection, and then again later using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). All sponges examined had captured, and in most cases, fully encased, prey items which for the most part consisted of planktonic copepods. The hypothesis of this paper is that the primary process of prey capture is by means of a sticky substance and that prey stick to the sponge on contact. The abundant cladorhizid anisochelae do not seem to be arranged in a manner such that they can be used for prey capture as has been seen in Asbestopluma. Digestion of the prey occurs in a temporary cavity created by migrating sponge cells. Within this cavity lipid from the copepod is liberated, then absorbed and transported to the central part of the sponge. It is not known how much of the remaining tissue of the copepod is digested. Copepods have very high lipid content so their capture would provide the sponge with abundant energy from each prey item. The sponges seem to have their highest density in areas where bottom flow and migrating copepod numbers are both high.

scholarly journals Sources of variation in the feeding ecology of the piked spurdog (Squalus megalops): implications for inferring predator–prey interactions from overall dietary composition

2005 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 1076-1094 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Matías Braccini ◽  
Bronwyn M. Gillanders ◽  
Terence I. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Spatial And Temporal Variation ◽  
Dietary Composition ◽  
Bootstrap Analysis ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Ecological Relationships ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Opportunistic Predator ◽  
Sources Of Variation ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Prey Items

Abstract Sources of variation in dietary composition were examined in the piked spurdog (Squalus megalops). The species is an opportunistic predator that consumes a wide range of prey items. When importance of prey was measured by weight or occurrence, S. megalops preyed largely on molluscs and teleosts. However, when number of prey was considered, the main items were crustaceans. A bootstrap analysis showed that considerable variability can be expected in the importance of prey items in the species' overall diet. Regional, seasonal, and ontogenetic differences in dietary composition were found, but there were no differences between mature and immature sharks or between males and females. The spatial and temporal variation in diet exhibited by S. megalops and the intrinsic natural variability of the dietary composition of this opportunistic predator suggest that studies that infer predator–prey interactions from overall diet are likely to miss information on the ecological relationships among species and thus account for only part of these interactions.

First record of the deep-sea shrimp Argis toyamaensis (Yokoya, 1933) (Decapoda, Crangonidae) in the Sea of Okhotsk based on mitochondrial DNA sequences

Crustaceana ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 94 (4) ◽  
pp. 507-511
Author(s):  
Junta Fujita ◽  
Akira Iguchi ◽  
Akira Tohkairin ◽  
Tomonori Hamatsu ◽  
Yoshiaki Kai
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Sea Of Okhotsk ◽  
First Record ◽  
The Sea Of Okhotsk

scholarly journals First record of the deep sea species Thesea talismani Grasshoff, 1986 (Anthozoa: Octocorallia: Plexauridae) off Mauritania (NW Africa)

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soto De Matos-Pita Susana ◽  
Sampaio Iris ◽  
Castillo Oñate Sara ◽  
Freiwald André ◽  
Ramil Fran
Keyword(s):  
Deep Sea ◽  
First Record

First record of the rare stenopodidean shrimp Odontozona spongicola (Alcock & Anderson, 1899) (Decapoda: Stenopodidea: Stenopodidae) from Indonesia

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4915 (4) ◽  
pp. 575-584
Author(s):  
CHIEN-LIN CHEN ◽  
TIN-YAM CHAN
Keyword(s):  
South China Sea ◽  
South China ◽  
Rare Species ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
New Record ◽  
First Record ◽  
The South China Sea ◽  
The South ◽  
China Sea

The stenopodidean shrimp Odontozona spongicola (Alcock & Anderson, 1899) collected by the South Java Deep-Sea Biodiversity Expedition 2018 (SJADES 2018) is a new record from Indonesia. The specimen of O. spongicola recently listed from the South China Sea is also formally reported here in. The characteristcs and coloration of this rare species are described and illustrated. 

The role and status of Nautilus in its natural habitat: evidence from deep-water remote camera photosequences

Paleobiology ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 469-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Bruce Saunders
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Deep Water ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Normal Component ◽  
Depth Range ◽  
Reproductive Tactics ◽  
Opportunistic Predator ◽  
Remote Camera

Bottom site remote camera photosequences at depths of 73–538 m on forereef slopes in Palau show that Nautilus belauensis is a highly mobile, chemosensitive, epibenthic scavenger and opportunistic predator. The overall depth range of this species is ca. 70–500 m, but photosequences indicate a preferred range of 150–300 m. Nautilus is active both nocturnally and diurnally, locating bait sites within 1–2 h. Associated macrofauna includes caridean shrimps, crabs, and eels; teleosts are rare below 100 m, but sharks are recorded in most photosequences below 250 m. Summarily, Nautilus exhibits a combination of characters that typify deep-sea strategy, including reproductive tactics, growth rate, and population dynamics. This and other evidence suggest that fossil Nautilidae may have been deep-water forms, in contrast to the typically shallower water ammonoids, and that Nautilus is a normal component of the deep forereef rather than a late Cretaceous refugee from shallow water.

A new species and record of Serpulidae (Annelida: Polychaeta) from Cross Seamount in the Hawaiian Chain

Zootaxa ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3192 (1) ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
JULIE H. BAILEY-BROCK ◽  
WAGNER F. MAGALHÃES
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
New Record ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Hawaiian Islands ◽  
Type Specimen ◽  
First Record ◽  
Type Locality ◽  
A New Species

A new species of the serpulid genus Metavermilia Bush, 1905 and a new record of the genus Omphalopomopsis Saint-Joseph, 1894 are described from deep-sea lava rocks collected from 2,013 m at Cross Seamount, southwest of the Hawaiiarchipelago. Metavermilia zibrowii sp. nov., differs from its congeners mostly by the presence of a simple and concaveoperculum, extent of the thoracic membrane and tube morphology. Omphalopomopsis langerhansii (Marenzeller, 1885)is the type species of the genus and it is only known through its type specimen. This species is characterized by a simpleoperculum with a shallow convex calcareous endplate, cylindrical peduncle, presence of Apomatus chaetae and high num-ber of teeth in the thoracic uncini. This is the first record of this species outside the type locality and both genera are newly recorded for the Hawaiian Islands.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document