The role and status of Nautilus in its natural habitat: evidence from deep-water remote camera photosequences

Paleobiology ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 469-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Bruce Saunders
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Deep Water ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Normal Component ◽  
Depth Range ◽  
Reproductive Tactics ◽  
Opportunistic Predator ◽  
Remote Camera

Bottom site remote camera photosequences at depths of 73–538 m on forereef slopes in Palau show that Nautilus belauensis is a highly mobile, chemosensitive, epibenthic scavenger and opportunistic predator. The overall depth range of this species is ca. 70–500 m, but photosequences indicate a preferred range of 150–300 m. Nautilus is active both nocturnally and diurnally, locating bait sites within 1–2 h. Associated macrofauna includes caridean shrimps, crabs, and eels; teleosts are rare below 100 m, but sharks are recorded in most photosequences below 250 m. Summarily, Nautilus exhibits a combination of characters that typify deep-sea strategy, including reproductive tactics, growth rate, and population dynamics. This and other evidence suggest that fossil Nautilidae may have been deep-water forms, in contrast to the typically shallower water ammonoids, and that Nautilus is a normal component of the deep forereef rather than a late Cretaceous refugee from shallow water.

Conquering the Ocean Depths Over Three Geological Eras

2020 ◽  
pp. 155-182
Author(s):  
Torben Riehl ◽  
Simone Nunes Brandão ◽  
Angelika Brandt
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Deep Water ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Harsh Environment ◽  
Depth Range ◽  
Water Layers ◽  
Evolutionary Emergence ◽  
Evolutionary Lineages ◽  
Deep Sea Fauna

The deep sea is the largest habitat on Earth, but it is the least accessible and comprehensible. This apparently harsh environment is inhabited by Crustacea of diverse evolutionary lineages that have, to various degrees, evolved uniquely specialized morphologies and lifestyles. Following a century of debate about the antiquity of the deep-sea fauna, studies of Crustacea reveal that the faunas of the deep and shallow oceans have been continuously and repeatedly exchanged, probably since the Mid-Paleozoic. Deep-sea colonization and subsequent diversification has occurred across many crustacean lineages, during several periods, and may still be underway. Despite a commonly held view that shallow–deep phylogenetic relationships are unidirectional, there is also evidence for evolutionary emergence from the abyss into shallower zones. As a result, the present-day fauna represents an amalgamation of clades of various ages. Environmental factors such as pressure, temperature, and energy supply differ substantially between shallow- and deep-water layers, creating gradients that pose important ramifications for crustacean physiology. Consequently, depth-range expansions require adaptations, which may lead to peculiar phenomena such as gigantism and dwarfism, as well as diverse crustacean radiations.

scholarly journals Recent Invasion of the Endemic Banggai Cardinalfish, Pterapogon kauderni at The Strait of Bali: Assessment of the Habitat Type and Population Structure

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Nyoman Giri Putra ◽  
I Dewa Nyoman Nurweda Putra
Keyword(s):  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Habitat Type ◽  
Marine Organisms ◽  
Aquarium Trade ◽  
Small Populations ◽  
Depth Range ◽  
Habitat Types ◽  
Weight Relationship ◽  
Narrow Bay ◽  
Sexually Mature

The demands of marine organisms for the aquarium trade are remain high and seems continue to increase. Consequently, many of marine organisms has been spread out from its natural habitat as in the case of endemic Banggai cardinalfish, (Pterapogon kauderni). That has invaded “new” habitat since it being trade in 1995. In recent years, a small populations of P. kauderni is known to be exist in a narrow bay near the Gilimanuk harbor, Bali. An underwater visual fish census survey was conducted on June 2018 to estimate the habitat types and densities of P. kauderni.  Additionally, 23 specimens of P. kauderni were collected randomly in order to assess biological parameters such as the length-weight relationship. We successfully recorded 30 groups of P. kauderni that inhabit a shallow areas with a depth range between 0.5m to 2m. Of these, more than 90% of the groups were found to be associated with sea urchin (Diadema sp.) while the rest were found to live together with branching coral (Acropora sp.) and branching sponge (Ptylocaulis sp.). Total number of fish observed during the survey were 381 individuals. The fish density is 0.76 individu.m-2. Length-weight relationship showed that P. kauderni exhibit is negative allometry (b<3) which mean that the increase in length is faster than the weight gain. Interestingly, from the 23 specimens collected, none of these were sexually mature (SL<41 mm) which may indicated that the population of P. kauderni in Bali are under serious threats of exploitation.     

New record of the deep water Epimeria morronei Winfield, Ortiz & Hendrickx (Amphipoda, Gammaridea, Epimeriidae) in the east Pacific

Crustaceana ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 87 (14) ◽  
pp. 1699-1703
Author(s):  
Michel E. Hendrickx ◽  
Ignacio Winfield ◽  
Manolo Ortiz
Keyword(s):  
Deep Water ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
New Record ◽  
New Records ◽  
Eastern Pacific ◽  
Depth Range ◽  
East Pacific

New records for the deep-water amphipod Epimeria morronei Winfield, Ortiz & Hendrickx, 2012, are presented for the eastern Pacific. Also, new data related to its depth range and environmental conditions are given.

The Reproductive Biology of Ophiacantha Bidentata (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea) From The Rockall Trough

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Tyler ◽  
J. D. Gage
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Biology ◽  
Deep Water ◽  
Larval Stage ◽  
North Pacific ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Direct Development ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Shallow Waters ◽  
Arctic Seas ◽  
Rockall Trough

INTRODUCTIONOphiacantha bidentata (Retzius) is a widespread arctic-boreal ophiuroid with a circumpolar distribution in the shallow waters of the Arctic seas and penetrating into the deep sea of the.North Atlantic and North Pacific (Mortensen, 1927, 1933a; D'yakonov, 1954). Early observations of this species were confined to defining zoogeo-graphical and taxonomic criteria including the separation of deep water specimens as the variety fraterna (Farran, 1912; Grieg, 1921; Mortensen, 1933a). Mortensen (1910) and Thorson (1936, pp. 18–26) noted the large eggs (o.8 mm diameter) in specimens from Greenland and Thorson (1936) proposed that this species had ‘big eggs rich in yolk, shed directly into the sea. Much reduced larval stage or direct development’. This evidence is supported by observations of O. bidentata from the White and Barents Seas (Semenova, Mileikovsky & Nesis, 1964; Kaufman, 1974)..

Study on the Characteristics of Well Completion Technology in Deepwater Oil and Gas Field Development

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (8) ◽  
pp. 70-72
Author(s):  
Jianbo Hu ◽  
◽  
Yifeng Di ◽  
Qisheng Tang ◽  
Ren Wen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Water ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Gas Field ◽  
Marine Research ◽  
Field Development ◽  
Research Technology ◽  
Well Completion ◽  
Development Capacity ◽  
Exploration And Development

In recent years, China has made certain achievements in shallow sea petroleum geological exploration and development, but the exploration of deep water areas is still in the initial stage, and the water depth in the South China Sea is generally 500 to 2000 meters, which is a deep water operation area. Although China has made some progress in the field of deep-water development of petroleum technology research, but compared with the international advanced countries in marine science and technology, there is a large gap, in the international competition is at a disadvantage, marine research technology and equipment is relatively backward, deep-sea resources exploration and development capacity is insufficient, high-end technology to foreign dependence. In order to better develop China's deep-sea oil and gas resources, it is necessary to strengthen the development of drilling and completion technology in the oil industry drilling engineering. This paper briefly describes the research overview, technical difficulties, design principles and main contents of the completion technology in deepwater drilling and completion engineering. It is expected to have some significance for the development of deepwater oil and gas fields in China.

Quantitative analysis of a deep-water bryozoan collection from the Hebridean continental slope

2001 ◽  
Vol 81 (6) ◽  
pp. 987-993 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Continental Slope ◽  
Deep Water ◽  
The Other ◽  
Depth Range ◽  
Species Accumulation Curve ◽  
North West ◽  
Colony Density ◽  
Accumulation Curve ◽  
Total Fauna

Bryozoans were collected from nine stations between 569 and 1278 m depth on the Hebridean continental slope north-west of Lewis. The 21 species recorded from 1544 colonies included three species new to the British fauna. The bryozoan fauna, growing on pebbles, cobbles and small boulders, was dominated by species with encrusting, spot or ribbon-like colony morphologies. The few erect species were rare. Colony density on available rock substrata declined from 569 to 855 m, but was high at 1278 m, where the nodular species Turbicellepora boreale occurred on pebbles as small as 1 cm diameter. Cyclostomates made up >90% of the colonies in the shallowest sample and were present in lower numbers to 855 m. None were recorded at 1278 m. In the 569–855 m depth range, diversity and evenness were lowest at 569 m but relatively constant at the other stations. A species accumulation curve suggests that the 20 species recorded is a good estimate of the total fauna in this depth range.

scholarly journals Constitutively Up-regulated Carbon Metabolism is an Adaptation to Low Temperature in the Antarctic Psychrophile Chlamydomonas sp. UWO241

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Cvetkovska ◽  
Beth Szyszka-Mroz ◽  
Nina Malczewski ◽  
David Smith ◽  
Norman P. A. Huner
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Temperature Stress ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Physiological Characteristic ◽  
Rate Characteristic ◽  
The Antarctic ◽  
Chlamydomonas Sp

The Antarctic alga Chlamydomonas sp. UWO241 is an obligate psychrophile that thrives in the cold but is unable to survive at moderate, seemingly innocuous temperatures. We dissect the responses of UWO241 to temperature stress using global metabolomic approaches. UWO241 exhibits slow growth at 4°C, a temperature closest to its natural habitat, and faster growth at higher temperatures of 10-15°C. We demonstrate that the slower growth-rate characteristic of UWO241 at 4⁰C is not necessarily a hallmark of stress. UWO241 constitutively accumulates high levels of protective metabolites including soluble sugars, polyamines and antioxidants at a range of steady-state temperatures. In contrast, the mesophile Chlamydomonas reinhardtii accumulates these metabolites only during cold stress. Despite low growth rates, 4°C-grown UWO241 cultures had a higher capacity to respond to heat stress (24°C) and accumulated increased amounts of antioxidants, lipids and soluble sugars, when compared to cultures grown at 10-15°C. We conclude that the slower growth rate and the unique psychrophilic physiological characteristic of UWO241 grown at 4⁰C result in a permanently re-routed steady-state metabolism, which contributes to its increased resistance to heat stress. Our work adds to the growing body of research on temperature stress in psychrophiles, many of which are threatened by climate change.

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