Saritā and the 1950s Hindi Middlebrow Reader

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (06) ◽  
pp. 1797-1815
Author(s):  
AAKRITI MANDHWANI
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
State Building ◽  
National Language ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
The Family ◽  
Popular Magazine ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
The Right

AbstractThe article discusses Saritā, one of the best-selling Hindi magazines of the 1950s, and the part it played in the establishment of the Hindi ‘middlebrow’ reader. While a rich and vibrant journal culture in Hindi had existed since the nineteenth century, what distinguishes the post-1947 Hindi popular magazine is the emergence of the middle class as a burgeoning consumer. Saritā defied prescriptions of Nehruvian state building, as well as the right-wing discourses of nationalism and national language prevalent in the post-Independence space. In addition, it reconfigured biases towards gendered reading and consumption processes, as well as encouraging increased reader participation. This article argues for Saritā’s role in the creation of a middlebrow reading space in the period immediately following Independence, since it not only packaged what was deemed wholesome and educational for the family as a unit, but also, most significantly, promoted readership in segments, with a focus on each individual's reading desires.

Unfulfilled Promise: Palestinian Family Reunification and the Right of Return

2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 24-39
Author(s):  
Nabila El-Ahmed ◽  
Nadia Abu-Zahra
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Family Reunification ◽  
The State ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Successor State ◽  
Palestinian Refugees ◽  
Right Of Return ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Right

This article argues that Israel substituted the Palestinian refugees' internationally recognized right of return with a family reunification program during its maneuvering over admission at the United Nations following the creation of the state in May 1948. Israel was granted UN membership in 1949 on the understanding that it would have to comply with legal international requirements to ensure the return of a substantial number of the 750,000 Palestinians dispossessed in the process of establishing the Zionist state, as well as citizenship there as a successor state. However, once the coveted UN membership had been obtained, and armistice agreements signed with neighboring countries, Israel parlayed this commitment into the much vaguer family reunification program, which it proceeded to apply with Kafkaesque absurdity over the next fifty years. As a result, Palestinians made refugees first in 1948, and later in 1967, continue to be deprived of their legally recognized right to return to their homes and their homeland, and the family reunification program remains the unfulfilled promise of the early years of Israeli statehood.

scholarly journals ‘I Looked and Beheld a Country’: Home Movies, Homesteads and the Family Archive

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Clayton Rathbone
Keyword(s):  
Southern Africa ◽  
Family Life ◽  
Family Identity ◽  
Home Movies ◽  
Family Photographs ◽  
The Family ◽  
British Colonial ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The 1950S

Home movies, like family photographs, are important parts of family life, acting as ways to frame the idea of the family and connect different, inter-generational memories together. Footage of key moments helps develop a family identity, as well as locate it within broader historical contexts. As a result, home movies provide an incredibly useful source with which to examine the intersections between narratives of the family, nation and belonging. Utilising a collection of personal home movies, this paper will explore how these themes are touched on within the context of British Colonial Southern Africa. These films explore how ideas of family identity are rooted within ideas of home and belonging, articulating a conceptualisation of colonial Southern Africa as a ‘home-scape’ for descendant of British settlers living there during the 1950s and 1960s. These home movies draw attention to the creation of the idea of home and family, while also producing disruptive elements to those narratives.

Stammering, stuttering and stumbling: A transnational history of the pathologization of dysfluency in nineteenth-century Europe

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-146
Author(s):  
Josephine Hoegaerts
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Medical Discourse ◽  
National Language ◽  
Systematic Observation ◽  
Class Culture ◽  
Self Help ◽  
Embodied Experiences ◽  
History Of ◽  
Medical Treatises

The nineteenth century saw a rise in the categorization and systematic observation of manifestations of dysfluent speech. This article examines how, from the 1820s onward, different vocabularies to distinguish between different speech impediments were developed in France, Germany and Britain. It also charts how different meanings, categories and chronologies of ‘stammering’ knowledge were exchanged transnationally. The universalist medical models emerging around stammering were, despite this constant exchange, also closely connected to cultural imaginations of speech, the particular values assigned to one’s (national) language and political modes of belonging. Although the analysis is largely based on prescriptive texts, it also reveals how embodied experiences of dysfluency informed the medical and pedagogical work undertaken in the nineteenth century: a remarkable number of ‘experts’ on speech impediments claimed to be ‘former sufferers’. The history of dysfluency in the nineteenth century is therefore not one of linear medicalization and pathologization, but a continuous exchange of vocabularies between different actors of middle-class culture. Expertise on speaking ‘well’ was shared in medical treatises, but also on the benches of parliament, in cheap self-help pamphlets, in the parlour, or in debating clubs – suggesting that the model of ‘recovery’ was a manifestation of (middle class) culture rather than of a strictly medical discourse.

Ordering Empire and Democracy, 1902–1921

2020 ◽  
pp. 24-67
Author(s):  
Tobias Harper
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
British Empire ◽  
British Society ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
New Order ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Opening Up

This chapter examines the creation of new orders at the beginning of the twentieth century, which was the culmination of a prolonged period of “unprecedented honorific inventiveness” starting in the late nineteenth century. In Britain the new Order of the British Empire was branded the “Order of Britain’s Democracy” in recognition of the fact that it extended far deeper into non-elite classes in British society than any previous honour. Between 1917 and 1921 more than 20,000 people in Britain and throughout the British Empire were added to this new Order. This was an unprecedented number, orders of magnitude larger than honours lists in previous years. While the new Order was successful in reaching a wider, more middle-class audience than the honours system before the war, which was socially narrow, there was a substantial backlash to what was widely perceived by elites to be an excessive (and diluting) opening-up of the “fount of honour.” This backlash was connected to political controversies about the sale of honours that eventually helped bring about Lloyd George’s downfall. This chapter also contains a brief description of all the components of the British honours system at the beginning of the twentieth century.

scholarly journals Zionist Approaches to the Palestinian Question

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Hamed Mousavi
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Gaza Strip ◽  
Political Movements ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
The West ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Gaza Strip ◽  
The Right ◽  
Palestinian Question

Liberal Zionists blame Israel’s five decade long occupation of the West Bank and the Gaza Strip primarily on Revisionist Zionist ideology and its manifestation in right wing parties such as the Likud. They also argue that the “Two State Solution”, the creation of a Palestinian state alongside Israel, will forever solve this issue. This paper on the other hand argues that while the Israeli left have divergent opinions from the revisionists on many issues, with regards to the “Palestinian question” and particularly on the prospects of allowing the formation of a Palestinian state, liberal Zionists have much closer views to the right wing than would most like to admit. To demonstrate this, the views of Theodore Herzl, the founder of political Zionism, David Ben-Gurion, the most important actor in the founding years of the state, as well as the approach of left wing Israeli political parties are examined. Finally, it is argued that none of the mainstream Zionist political movements will allow the creation of a Palestinian state even on a small part of Palestine.

scholarly journals Vernacular, which means? Semantic remarks as side notes on the main topic of the conference

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 143-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Rytel
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Vernacular Architecture ◽  
Main Topic ◽  
Monumental Architecture ◽  
The Family ◽  
Household Members ◽  
The Right ◽  
Art And Architecture ◽  
First Time ◽  
Latin Term

The term vernacular referring to art and architecture was used for the first time in England in the middle of the nineteenth century. Numerous definitions have been created since the first Conference on Vernacular Architecture in Plovdiv in 1975. Still none of them defines the term utterly. Discrepancies in its interpretations could also be seen in attempts to translate the term coined in English and deriving from Latin. The right meaning of the term vernacular architecture shall be searched in its linguistics – etymology and semantics. In some works on vernacular architecture there are references to a word derivation - the primary Latin term verna. The word describes a slave born in a house of their master – well-known, familiar to all household members, trustworthy, close, but at the same time meaningless (faceless), withdrawn, ‘invisible’, someone who belongs in fact neither to the household nor to the family. One might say vernacular architecture does not look up to itself in the mirror; its attribute is self-unconsciousness. Architecture remains vernacular – anonymous, day-to-day, satisfying the most basic needs, becoming increasingly better with generations in models recognisable by their users – as long as it is not tempted by interpreting sophisticated, modern models of monumental architecture; as long as it does not compete to be distinctive. And maybe therefore in this regard it is architecture without an architect.

New Music at Copenhagen

Tempo ◽  
1947 ◽  
pp. 26-28
Author(s):  
Jurgen Balzer
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Contemporary Music ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
New Music ◽  
Stable Form ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
Musical Life ◽  
Individual Country ◽  
The Real ◽  
The Right

Contemporary music is a complex structure. It reaches from the traditionalists of the right wing to the experimentalists of the left. In the centre are those composers who take a stand from which, without forcing their material, they can achieve a free, personally stamped, stable form of expression. While thus “contemporary” is a mere dating, indicating the period of composition, “modern” implies a valuation of the style of the work. It would be an advantage if the I.S.C.M. would stress the modern and exclude works by composers who are only interested in the continuation of nineteenth century traditions, however skilled as craftsmen they may be. Every country has its clever traditionalists, and they are all very much alike, so that the real purpose of the I.S.C.M. Festivals should be to gather together in one place those works which, in the opinion of each individual country, are the most complete expression of what is new in the musical life of that country. The Copenhagen Festival fell short in this respect, yet even so, of the thirty works from sixteen different countries which were performed, I, for my part, took pleasure in listening to about one third, which after all is a high percentage.

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