scholarly journals The association between perceived stress and diet quality in women of childbearing age: A systematic review

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karim Khaled ◽  
Vanora Hundley ◽  
Fotini Tsofliou
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Psychological Stress ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Healthy Eating ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Women Of Childbearing Age ◽  
Childbearing Age

AbstractPoor diet quality is a major cause of maternal obesity and associated with adverse metabolic effects for mother and offspring. Psychological stress can increase intake of unhealthy dietary choices (e.g. highly palatable, energy dense diet), but no study has investigated the association between stress and diet quality in women of childbearing age.This systematic review of the association between psychological stress and diet quality used the PEO (Population, Exposure, and Outcome) model.Medline, CINAHL, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Sciencedirect were searched (October 2018 - January 2019). From 139,552 hits, 471 papers were screened, but only 8 studies met our inclusion criteria: English language, stress (exposure) measured in combination with diet quality (outcome), healthy women (18–49 years of age (population). Data extraction was determined by the PEO. Quality assessment used CASP tool for Cohort studies.The review included eight studies from USA (n = 6), Egypt (n = 1), and Iran (n = 1). The six cross-sectional and two longitudinal studies were published between 2011 and 2017 and had a total of 3,982 participants. Studies were heterogeneous in methods: three used food frequency questionnaires to assess dietary intake while the others used 24-hour dietary recalls. Diet quality was measured using different indices: Alternate Healthy Eating Index (n = 2), Healthy Eating Index (n = 2), Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension (DASH) Diet Index (n = 2), Dietary Quality Index- Pregnancy (n = 2), and Dietary Guideline Adherence Index (n = 1). Only one study used three diet quality indices. No study explored dietary patterns using factor analysis and other statistical techniques. Most studies used the perceived stress scale to measure stress; however, there were differences regarding the use of this scale to form a continuous or categorical variable (with varying cut-off scores) perceived stress, whereas no study reported biological response to stress. Outcomes also varied in direction of association; no association (n = 4), negative association (n = 3), mixed results (n = 1).This review is the first to systematically examine association between stress and diet quality in women of childbearing age; there was heterogeneity in measures of diet quality and study designs. Future studies that explore diet quality/patterns should include both diet indices and factor analysis and additionally measure biological markers of both dietary intake and stress.

scholarly journals Nutritional intake and overall diet quality of female soccer players before the competition period

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 555-565 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel dos SANTOS ◽  
Jacqueline Queiroz da SILVEIRA ◽  
Thais Borges CESAR
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Healthy Eating ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Protein Quality ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Professional Soccer

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess the dietary intake and overall diet quality of female soccer players before the competitive games. Methods: This descriptive and cross-sectional study included 21 women aged 20.8±4.5 years from a professional soccer team. Their nutritional status and dietary adequacy during the training period, before competition season, were assessed. Dietary intake was assessed by three 24-hour recalls, one food frequency questionnaire, and the Healthy Eating Index, an overall diet quality index based on food group intake. Results: The athletes have shown proper nutritional status, but a diet deficient in energy due largely to low carbohydrate intake. On the other hand, the intakes of protein, fatty acids, and sodium were above the recommended intakes, even for athletes. Diet quality assessment by the Healthy Eating Index - 2010 resulted in a mean score of 54.6 points of a maximum of 100, indicating a need of improving the overall diet quality. Conclusion: The study found that the dietary patterns of female football players were both quantitatively and qualitatively inappropriate. A nutritional intervention is indicated to improve diet quality, with the inclusion of various foods, such as whole grains, fruits, vegetables, dairy products, and better protein quality, along with a reduction in saturated fats, sodium, and added sugar.

Changes in Adolescents’ Dietary Intake Following the Initiation of an 8-Week Exercise Program

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Catherine Pouliot ◽  
Alyssa Biagé ◽  
Denis Prud’homme ◽  
Isabelle Giroux
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Healthy Eating ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Food Density ◽  
Eating Pattern ◽  
Food Quantity

Purpose: To assess changes in dietary intake of adolescents following an 8-week aerobic exercise program. Methods: Twenty-six adolescents (14–18 years) participated in an 8-week aerobic exercise program on cycle ergometer at their high school in Quebec, Canada. Twenty-four hour recalls were collected pre- and post-intervention. A two-way repeated measures ANOVA and paired sample t-tests were used to assess differences in energy and dietary intake parameters (food quantity, diet quality, eating patterns) between pre- and postintervention. Results: A decrease in total daily energy intake (–287.8 kcal, P = 0.007), in meal size at lunch (–110.1 g, P = 0.02) and dinner (–143.7 g, P = 0.03), in food density at breakfast (–1.8 kcal/g, P = 0.04), in daily carbohydrate intake (–56.1 g, P = 0.005), and in percentage of energy intake consumed at school (–5.1%, P = 0.04) were observed following initiation of an aerobic exercise program. No change in healthy eating index scores or percentage of energy from processed foods was observed. Conclusions: Changes in energy intake, food quantity, and eating pattern but not diet quality (Healthy Eating Index or food processing scores) were observed following the initiation of an aerobic exercise program. Nutrition interventions may be needed, in addition to an exercise program, to target diet quality and promote healthy eating habits in adolescents.

scholarly journals Healthy Eating Policy Improves Children’s Diet Quality in Early Care and Education in South Carolina

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1753 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel A. Zaltz ◽  
Amelie A. Hecht ◽  
Roni A. Neff ◽  
Russell R. Pate ◽  
Brian Neelon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Healthy Eating ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Low Income ◽  
The United States ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Early Care And Education ◽  
Healthy Foods ◽  
Early Care

Policies to promote healthy foods in early care and education (ECE) in the United States exist, but few have been prospectively evaluated. In South Carolina, a statewide program serving low-income children in ECE enacted new policies promoting healthy foods. We conducted an evaluation to measure changes in dietary intake among children in ECE exposed and not exposed to the new policy. Using direct observation, we assessed dietary intake in 112 children from 34 ECE centers in South Carolina and 90 children from 30 ECE centers in North Carolina (a state with no policy). We calculated Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI) scores to measure diet quality consumed before and after the policy was enacted. We fit mixed-effects linear models to estimate differences in HEI scores by state from baseline to post-policy, adjusting for child race, number of children enrolled, director education, center years in operation, participation in the Child and Adult Care Food Program (CACFP), and center profit status. The policy increased HEI scores for whole fruits, total fruits, and lean proteins, but decreased scores for dairy. Thus, the policy was associated with some enhancements in dietary intake, but additional support may help improve other components of diet.

scholarly journals Higher Protein Intake During Energy Restriction Alters Dietary Patterns and Maintains Diet Quality

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 438-438
Author(s):  
Anna Ogilvie ◽  
Yvette Schlussel ◽  
Sue Shapses
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Healthy Eating ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Quality Score ◽  
Obese Adults

Abstract Objectives A higher protein diet can be a successful approach to weight loss and improved health outcomes. However, the effect of a higher protein diet on other foods in the diet is not known. Evidence suggests diet quality scores provide a comprehensive representation of dietary intake and the complex interconnected nature of nutrient intake. In this study, the objective was to examine the effect of protein intake during moderate weight loss using four diet quality scores in overweight and obese adults. Methods Overweight and obese adults (n = 235) were counseled, bimonthly, to reduce energy intake over 6 months following the ADA food lists. The diets were individualized so range of macronutrient intake varied, but all individuals were encouraged to consume > 0.8 g/kg protein. Dietary intake was assessed and validated at baseline and ≥ 6 days during the intervention. In addition to the Healthy Eating Index (HEI), the Alternative Healthy Eating Index (AHEI), Mediterranean Diet Quality Score (MDS), and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension diet quality score (DASH) were adjusted for energy intake and used to calculate diet quality. Results Subjects (55 ± 11 years) were overweight and obese (BMI 28.9 ± 4.0 kg/m2) and consumed 17.5 ± 5.3% energy from protein at baseline. During the intervention, subjects lost 4.5 ± 5.4% body weight, with a 333 ± 605 kcal deficit and 18.7 ± 3.5% protein intake. During the intervention, only the HEI score correlated with protein intake (r = 0.240, P < 0.001); however, all scoring methods (HEI AHEI, MDS, DASH) showed consistent patterns of food groups changing with higher protein intake. As expected, there was greater intake of meat, but also intake of vegetables. In addition, diet quality scores that measured dairy (HEI, DASH, MDS), unsaturated fatty acids (AHEI, MDS) and sodium (HEI, AHEI) showed an increase with higher protein intake. Conclusions In individuals following a weight loss diet, higher protein intake consistently altered dietary patterns of low-protein food components including higher intake of vegetables, unsaturated fat, and sodium. In an overweight and obese population with no comorbidities, HEI, AHEI, MDS, and DASH diet scores are effective methods of measuring diet quality and food patterns during moderate weight loss. Funding Sources Financial support by North American Branch-ILSI and National Institute of Health-NIA is appreciated.

scholarly journals The association between a priori and a posterior dietary patterns with perceived stress in women of childbearing age

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karim Khaled ◽  
Orouba Almilaji ◽  
Mareike Köppen ◽  
Vanora Hundley ◽  
Fotini Tsofliou
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Women Of Childbearing Age ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Diet Patterns ◽  
The Uk

AbstractMore than half of women in developed countries are overweight or obese. Studies show that 20–25% of women in the UK enter pregnancy as obese. Healthy diet patterns such as the Mediterranean diet (MD) are linked with lower adiposity among women of childbearing age. However there is evidence that maternal diet in the UK is poor and stress increases the consumption of saturated-fat, sweets, and energy-dense foods. There is limited evidence on dietary patterns and stress among women of childbearing age, therefore this study aimed to investigate the association.This was an anonymous online survey of female university students. The survey included: socio-demographic characteristics, physical activity, self-reported BMI and waist circumference. Dietary assessment was done via a validated 100-food item food frequency questionnaire and perceived stress via the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). The dietary data were compared to the a priori defined Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS) and scored according to eight components (vegetables, legumes, fruit and nuts, cereals, fish, dairy products, meat and meat products, and the ratio of unsaturated to saturated fat). The scores ranged from 0 to 8 with MDS adherence groups being 0–3 low, 4–5 medium, and 6–8 high. Factor analysis was also applied on 11 food components (g/d) (the eight above plus eggs, potatoes, sweets and drinks) to reveal the latent major dietary patterns (DP) in the studied cohort.Negative binomial regression was used to examine the association between stress and the diet patterns, controlling for the socioeconomic factors, physical activity, marital status, BMI, and waist.One hundred twenty-three students (mean age 27.7 (SD 7.3)) participated. Participants had medium (n = 49) or low MD adherence (n = 48), with fewer participants having high adherence (n = 26). Stress was not significantly associated with MD adherence, but was positively associated with sweets intake (p = 0.03). The scree plot of Factor analysis showed that the number of factors generated by the analysis is three.Using minimum loading cut-off of 0.4, factor analysis revealed three latent diet patterns; the first (DP-1) contained: cereals, sweets and potatoes (comfort foods), DP-2 consisted: eggs, fish and meat (high protein) and DP-3 consisted of: vegetables, fruits, nuts, and legumes (vegan). Results showed a significant positive association between stress and DP-1 (p < 0.01). No association was found between other diet patterns and any other psychosocial and physical variables.Future well designed randomised controlled trials are needed to investigate further the relationship between perceived stress and dietary patterns in women of childbearing age.

scholarly journals Effect of a High-Intensity Dietary Intervention on Changes in Dietary Intake and Eating Pathology during a Multicomponent Adolescent Obesity Intervention

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1850
Author(s):  
Hollie A. Raynor ◽  
Suzanne E. Mazzeo ◽  
Jessica Gokee LaRose ◽  
Elizabeth L. Adams ◽  
Laura M. Thornton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Obesity Treatment ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Eating Pathology ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Eating Disorder Examination

Concerns remain about dietary changes during pediatric obesity treatment and eating pathology, which have not been investigated. This secondary data analysis from a randomized clinical trial examined associations between adolescents’ changes in energy intake and diet quality during obesity treatment with post-treatment eating pathology. Adolescents (N = 82: 13.7 ± 1.2 y, 34.9 ± 7.0 kg/m2, 63.4% female, 46.3% black) received TEENS+, a 4-month multicomponent intervention. TEENS+ provided individualized dietary goals (1200–1800 kcal/day; number of “Go” foods/day (low-energy, high-nutrient-dense foods)). At 0 and 4 months, 3-day food records assessed energy intake and diet quality (Healthy Eating Index 2015 (HEI-2015)). Two HEI-2015 subscores were created: components to increase (increase), and components to limit (decrease). The Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire measured eating pathology (total score and subscales: restraint; and eating, weight, and shape concern). Corrected p-values are reported as q-values. Energy intake decreased (−292 ± 418 kcal/day; q < 0.001), while diet quality improved during treatment (total HEI-2015 (4.5 ± 15.1; q = 0.034) and increase (3.3 ± 9.4; q = 0.011)). Restraint increased (+0.6 ± 1.4; q < 0.001), whereas shape (−0.5 ± 1.3; q = 0.004) and weight (−0.5 ± 1.4; q = 0.015) concerns decreased. Greater decreases in energy intake were associated with greater restraint post-treatment (F = 17.69; q < 0.001). No other significant associations were observed. Changes in adolescents’ dietary intake during obesity treatment were unrelated to increased shape, weight, or eating concerns post-treatment.

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