scholarly journals What future for European seals now the epidemic is over?

Oryx ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Simmonds
Keyword(s):  
Marine Environment ◽  
High Mortality ◽  
Wadden Sea ◽  
Phoca Vitulina ◽  
Suitable Habitat ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Impact

The European seal epidemic killed approximately 60 per cent of harbour or common seals Phoca vitulina in the colonies of the Wadden Sea, Kattegat–Skagerrak and the Norfolk Wash. High mortality was also observed elsewhere. The die-off peaked in 1988 and few affected seals have been reported subsequently. But what of the future? Is the marine environment still able to support healthy seal populations; is there enough suitable habitat for them; is there enough food; what is the impact of pollution on them; and why has no new legislation been implemented to protect them?

scholarly journals The Impact of Human Pressure and Climate Change on the Habitat Availability and Protection of Cypripedium (Orchidaceae) in Northeast China

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 84
Author(s):  
Huanchu Liu ◽  
Hans Jacquemyn ◽  
Xingyuan He ◽  
Wei Chen ◽  
Yanqing Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Northeast China ◽  
Habitat Destruction ◽  
Changbai Mountains ◽  
Suitable Habitat ◽  
Human Pressure ◽  
Terrestrial Orchids ◽  
The Future ◽  
Suitable Habitats ◽  
The Impact

Human pressure on the environment and climate change are two important factors contributing to species decline and overall loss of biodiversity. Orchids may be particularly vulnerable to human-induced losses of habitat and the pervasive impact of global climate change. In this study, we simulated the extent of the suitable habitat of three species of the terrestrial orchid genus Cypripedium in northeast China and assessed the impact of human pressure and climate change on the future distribution of these species. Cypripedium represents a genus of long-lived terrestrial orchids that contains several species with great ornamental value. Severe habitat destruction and overcollection have led to major population declines in recent decades. Our results showed that at present the most suitable habitats of the three species can be found in Da Xing’an Ling, Xiao Xing’an Ling and in the Changbai Mountains. Human activity was predicted to have the largest impact on species distributions in the Changbai Mountains. In addition, climate change was predicted to lead to a shift in distribution towards higher elevations and to an increased fragmentation of suitable habitats of the three investigated Cypripedium species in the study area. These results will be valuable for decision makers to identify areas that are likely to maintain viable Cypripedium populations in the future and to develop conservation strategies to protect the remaining populations of these enigmatic orchid species.

scholarly journals Explicit integration of dispersal-related metrics improves predictions of SDM in predatory arthropods

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monsimet Jérémy ◽  
Devineau Olivier ◽  
Pétillon Julien ◽  
Lafage Denis
Keyword(s):  
Landscape Connectivity ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Habitat Specialization ◽  
Potential Range ◽  
Global Changes ◽  
Suitable Habitat ◽  
Explicit Integration ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Habitat Variables

ABSTRACTFishing spiders (Dolomedes spp.) make an interesting model to predict the impact of global changes because they are generalist, opportunistic predators, whose distribution is driven mostly by abiotic factors. Yet, the two European species are expected to react differently to forthcoming environmental changes, because of habitat specialization and initial range. We used an original combination of habitat and dispersal data to revisit these predictions under various climatic scenarios. We used the future range of suitable habitat, predicted with habitat variables only, as a base layer to further predict the range or reachable habitat by accounting for both dispersal ability and landscape connectivity. Our results confirm the northward shift in range and indicate that the area of co-occurrences should also increase. However, reachable habitat should expand less than suitable habitat, especially when accounting for landscape connectivity. In addition, the potential range expansion was further limited for the red-listed D. plantarius, which is more habitat-specialist and has a lower ability to disperse. This study highlights the importance of looking beyond habitat variables to produce more accurate predictions for the future of arthropods populations.

The London Convention 1972: Preparing for the Future

1998 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 515-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise de La Fayette
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Marine Environment ◽  
Offshore Installations ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Ocean Dumping

AbstractThis article examines the accomplishments and the future of the London Convention 1972 after the adoption of the 1996 Protocol. The 1996 Protocol contains an entirely new convention including the recent amendments to the London Convention, as well as going several steps further in adopting a reverse listing approach and in providing incentives for developing countries to join the regime. The importance of the London Convention has been enhanced through the coming into force of the LOS Convention, which requires parties to adopt legislation on ocean dumping at least as effective as the provisions of the London Convention. As shown by the proceedings of the first Consultative Meeting of the Parties since the adoption of the Protocol, there is still much to be done to protect the marine environment from the possible deleterious effects of ocean dumping. Not only do the parties still have to adopt guidelines to assess the impact and acceptability of substances on objects still permitted to be dumped, but also there remains a possibility of restricting further items. OSPAR Conventions are more restrictive, for example, in prohibiting the dumping of vessels of offshore installations.

scholarly journals Explicit integration of dispersal-related metrics improves predictions of SDM in predatory arthropods

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jérémy Monsimet ◽  
Olivier Devineau ◽  
Julien Pétillon ◽  
Denis Lafage
Keyword(s):  
Landscape Connectivity ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Habitat Specialization ◽  
Potential Range ◽  
Global Changes ◽  
Suitable Habitat ◽  
Explicit Integration ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Habitat Variables

Abstract Fishing spiders (Dolomedes spp.) make an interesting model to predict the impact of global changes because they are generalist, opportunistic predators, whose distribution is driven mostly by abiotic factors. Yet, the two European species are expected to react differently to forthcoming environmental changes, because of habitat specialization and initial range. We used an original combination of habitat and dispersal data to revisit these predictions under various climatic scenarios. We used the future range of suitable habitat, predicted with habitat variables only, as a base layer to further predict the range or reachable habitat by accounting for both dispersal ability and landscape connectivity. Our results confirm the northward shift in range and indicate that the area of co-occurrences should also increase. However, reachable habitat should expand less than suitable habitat, especially when accounting for landscape connectivity. In addition, the potential range expansion was further limited for the red-listed D. plantarius, which is more of a habitat specialist and has a lower ability to disperse. This study highlights the importance of looking beyond habitat variables to produce more accurate predictions for the future of arthropods populations.

scholarly journals The ups and downs of traps: environmental impacts, entanglement, mitigation, and the future of trap fishing for crustaceans and fish

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bradley G Stevens
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Marine Environment ◽  
Submerged Aquatic Vegetation ◽  
Aquatic Vegetation ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Benthic Habitats ◽  
The Future ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Fishing has many types of impacts on the marine environment. Degradation of seafloor habitats by trawling has been widely studied, along with bycatch mortality, and ghost fishing by traps. Traps or pots are commonly used for catching crustaceans and other organisms, but little research has been conducted on the environmental impacts of trap fishing. Trap fishing causes direct impacts on benthic habitats during setting and retrieval, including dragging along the seafloor, which can lead to the damage and destruction of habitat components such as corals, sponges, and other epifauna. Lines connecting multiple traps increase the overall footprint and cause additional damage. Lost traps and debris can cause damage to coral, submerged aquatic vegetation, and epifauna, especially if moved by storms. Although the trap footprint is small, movement of the trap can expand the impact footprint by an order of magnitude. Trap lines cause whale entanglement and death, and there is much interest in reducing the number of vertical lines as well as their potential for entanglement. New technologies for deploying, locating, and recovering traps are now being developed. The future of trap fisheries will require research on new ways to reduce their negative impacts on benthic and pelagic resources.

scholarly journals Climate change-induced species distribution modeling in hyper-arid ecosystems

F1000Research ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 978
Author(s):  
Taoufik Saleh Ksiksi ◽  
Remya K. ◽  
Mohamed T. Mousa ◽  
Shima K. Al-Badi ◽  
Salama K. Al Kaabi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Species Distribution ◽  
Species Distribution Model ◽  
Arid Ecosystems ◽  
Distribution Model ◽  
Suitable Habitat ◽  
Climate System Model ◽  
Bioclimatic Variables ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Impact

Background: The impact of climate change on selected plant species from the hyper-arid landscape of United Arab Emirates (UAE) was assessed through modeling of their habitat suitability and distribution. Calotropis procera, Prosopis cineraria and Ziziphus spina-christi were used for this study. The specific objectives of this study were to identify the current and future (for 2050s and 2070s) suitable habitats distribution using MaxEnt, an Ecological Envelope Model. Methods: The adopted method consists of extraction of current and future bioclimatic variables together with their land use cover and elevation for the study area. MaxEnt species distribution model was then used to simulate the distribution of the selected species. The projections are simulated for the current date, the 2050s and 2070s using Community Climate System Model version 4 with representative concentration pathway RCP4.5. Results: The current distribution model of all three species evolved with a high suitable habitat towards the north eastern part of the country. For C. procera, an area of 1775 km2 is modeled under highly suitable habitat for the current year, while it is expected to increase for both 2050s and 2070s. The current high suitability of P. cinararia was around an area of 1335 km2 and the future projection revealed an increase of high suitability habitats. Z. spina-christi showed a potential area of 5083 km2 under high suitability and it might increase in the future. Conclusions: Precipitation of coldest quarter (BIO19) had the maximum contribution for all the three species under investigation.

scholarly journals Prediction of Potential Geographical Distribution Patterns of Actinidia arguta under Different Climate Scenarios

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 3526
Author(s):  
Yining Ma ◽  
Xiaoling Lu ◽  
Kaiwei Li ◽  
Chunyi Wang ◽  
Ari Guna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Suitable Habitat ◽  
Mountain Areas ◽  
Circular Distribution ◽  
Jackknife Test ◽  
Actinidia Arguta ◽  
Mean Temperature ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Impact

Actinidia arguta (Siebold and Zucc.) Planch.ex Miq, called “hardy kiwifruit”, “baby kiwi” or “kiwi berry”, has a unique taste, is rich in nutrients and has high economic value and broad market prospects. Active research on the potential geographic distribution of A. arguta in China aims to provide a reference basis for its resource investigation, conservation, development and utilization and introduction of cultivation. In this study, the Maxent model was used to combine climatic factors, soil factors and geographical factors (elevation, slope and aspect) to predict the current and future (2041–2060 and 2081–2100) potential distribution of A. arguta and to analyze the impact of climate change on it. The results showed that the suitable distribution range of A. arguta in China was 23–43 N and 100–125 E, with a total area of about 3.4451 × 106 km2. The highly suitable area of A. arguta was mainly concentrated in the middle and low mountain areas of the south of Shaanxi, the east of Sichuan, the middle and west of Guizhou and the west of Yunnan, presenting a circular distribution. The Jackknife test was used to calculate the main environmental factors affecting the distribution of A. arguta. The first four main factors were annual mean temperature (bio_1), precipitation of the warmest quarter (bio_18), elevation (ELE) and mean temperature of the warmest quarter (bio_10), which provided a contribution up to 81.7%. Under the scenarios of three representative concentrations (SSP1_2.6, SSP2_4.5 and SSP5_8.5) in the future, the area of low and moderate suitable habitat decreased, while the area of highly suitable habitat increased. The migration direction of the centroid in the highly suitable habitat moved to the southwest in the future scenario period.

Pengaruh Budaya Terhadap Akuntansi, Auditing Dan Praktik Akuntansi Internasional

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-95
Author(s):  
Priyastiwi Priyastiwi
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Leadership Style ◽  
Financial Reporting ◽  
National Level ◽  
Deep Understanding ◽  
Cultural Dimensions ◽  
Financial Disclosure ◽  
Cross Cultural Differences ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of this article is to provide the basic model of Hofstede and Grays’ cultural values that relates the Hofstede’s cultural dimensions and Gray‘s accounting value. This article reviews some studies that prove the model and develop the research in the future. There are some evidences that link the Hofstede’s cultural values studies with the auditor’s judgment and decisions by developing a framework that categorizes the auditor’s judgments and decisions are most likely influenced by cross-cultural differences. The categories include risk assessment, risk decisions and ethical judgments. Understanding the impact of cultural factors on the practice of accounting and financial disclosure is important to achieve the harmonization of international accounting. Deep understanding about how the local values may affect the accounting practices and their impacts on the financial disclosure are important to ensure the international comparability of financial reporting. Gray’s framework (1988) expects how the culture may affect accounting practices at the national level. One area of the future studies will examine the impact of cultural dimensions to the values of accounting, auditing and decision making. Key word : Motivation, leadership style, job satisfaction, performance

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