Ensuring local stakeholder support for marine conservation: establishing a locally-managed marine area network in Aceh

AbstractMultidisciplinary approaches to managing seascapes are increasingly being recognized as best practice and therefore prioritized by conservation agencies. For most coastal areas the strengthening of customary marine tenure, rules and regulations should yield even greater biodiversity and livelihood benefits. Here, we present the conservation planning results from a locally-managed marine area programme initiated by the Government of Aceh, Indonesia, which aimed to empower coastal communities to sustainably and equitably manage marine resources with local government. In 2008 the government established a Marine and Fisheries Task Force to identify priority areas for marine biodiversity (through systematic conservation planning) and coastal communities (through participatory planning). In addition to the existing 264,788 ha of marine management units, systematic planning identified another 53,372 ha. However, the subsequent stakeholder participation phase, involving intensive local consultations, further expanded the locally-managed marine area network by 6,725 ha and to a total of 23 locally-managed marine areas. This combined approach had additional benefits because it generated a strong sense of local ownership. For communities it initiated a process for recognizing their customary claimed areas and resolved overlapping boundaries between neighbouring communities, thereby reducing the likelihood of future conflicts over natural resource use. For government, it provided the basis of a robust governance system, with 34 new or revised decrees being completed and an additional USD 1.6 million being allocated for implementation of locally-managed marine areas. This participatory approach should considerably increase the successful delivery of a sustainable and equitable locally-managed marine area network for Aceh, which has wide application for the South-east Asian region and beyond.

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Securing Minimum Protection Standards for Canada’s Marine Protected Areas

10.31230/osf.io/w6qsn ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Maryann Watson

Keyword(s):

Protected Areas ◽

Marine Protected Areas ◽

Marine Biodiversity ◽

Industrial Activities ◽

Degree Of Protection ◽

Management Objectives ◽

Marine Protection ◽

The Government ◽

Government Of Canada ◽

Marine Areas

In 2015, the Government of Canada committed to protecting 5% of marine and coastal areas by 2017, and 10% by 2020. While admirable progress towards this target has been made, less attention has been given to improving the quality of protection afforded to marine areas. Extensive scientific study supports that several factors are critical to the success of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) for marine biodiversity conservation and management objectives, including no-take areas and prohibitions on extractive and industrial activities. However, the majority of Canada’s MPAs allow extractive uses within their boundaries. As Canada works toward international and national commitments to marine protection targets, it is critical to consider the degree of protection afforded by the legal designations used to create these areas. This paper reviews the current inconsistent standards of protection across marine protected areas (MPAs) designated under the Oceans Act, Canada’s flagship legislation for marine protection. Recommended amendments to the law include standards of protection that would exclude all extractive industrial activities from MPAs in order to better guide the designation and decision-making processes for marine protection.

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A systematic evaluation of the incremental protection of broad-scale habitats at Ningaloo Reef, Western Australia

Marine and Freshwater Research ◽

10.1071/mf11074 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 63 (1) ◽

pp. 17 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Lynnath E. Beckley ◽

Amanda T. Lombard

Keyword(s):

Western Australia ◽

Conservation Planning ◽

Management Plan ◽

Marine Conservation ◽

Systematic Evaluation ◽

Marine Biodiversity ◽

Systematic Conservation Planning ◽

Ningaloo Reef ◽

Marine Park ◽

Broad Scale

Incremental increases to marine conservation areas in response to changing goals, policy, threats or new information are common practice worldwide. Ningaloo Reef, in north-western Australia, is protected by the Ningaloo Marine Park (state waters), which was expanded incrementally in 2004 so that 34% of the park now comprises ‘no-take’ sanctuary zones. To test the hypothesis that all habitats (benthic cover types) at Ningaloo are actually protected at this 34% level, a systematic conservation planning exercise was conducted using existing broad-scale habitat data (as a surrogate for marine biodiversity) and C-Plan decision-support software. Although subtidal and intertidal coral communities were found to be adequately protected, other habitats, particularly those in deeper waters seaward of the reef, did not attain the 34% target. Efficient incremental additions to the sanctuary zones to allow increased representation of these under-represented habitats were explored with C-Plan. It is recommended that systematic conservation planning incorporating new biodiversity and social information (now becoming available) be undertaken for the next iteration of the Ningaloo Marine Park management plan. This analysis at Ningaloo Reef serves as a useful example of a post hoc systematic approach to guide incremental expansion of existing marine protected areas in other parts of the world.

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Status of coral reefs in Antigua & Barbuda: using data to inform management

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.9236 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

pp. e9236

Author(s):

Ruleo Camacho ◽

Sophia Steele ◽

Shanna Challenger ◽

Mark Archibald

Keyword(s):

Coral Reef ◽

Data Collection ◽

Marine Conservation ◽

Caribbean Region ◽

North East ◽

Management Actions ◽

Coral Reef Ecosystems ◽

The Government ◽

Marine Areas ◽

Future Management

The nation of Antigua and Barbuda has experienced major degradation of its coral reef ecosystems over the past 40+ years. The primary drivers of this degradation are multiple and are highly linked to anthropogenic influences, including over-exploitation and poor management of marine resources. The effectiveness of management actions in marine protected areas (MPAs) has often been hampered by a lack of data to inform management recommendations. This was emphasized by The Nature Conservancy’s (TNC) Coral Reef Report Card which highlighted not only the lack of data collection in Antigua and Barbuda and other Caribbean nations, but also illustrated how spatially dispersed available datasets are. The government of Antigua and Barbuda recognized the need for a marine data collection program to better inform the designation and management of MPAs as a tool to improve the health of the marine ecosystems. The Atlantic Gulf Rapid Reef Assessment (AGRRA) protocol has been identified as a means to address planning and management for marine areas. Three AGRRA surveys have been conducted in the years following the TNC 2016 report, in previously established managed areas: North East Marine Management Area (NEMMA) in 2017 and Nelson Dockyard National Park (NDNP) in 2019 as well as areas outlined for future management (Redonda in 2018). Our surveys were conducted to provide updated datasets to inform management for the aforementioned areas. While the results of these surveys mirror the underlying poor coral reef-health conditions, which have been shown to exist within the Caribbean region, they also highlight intra-site variation that exists within each survey location. This knowledge can be crucial in guiding management decisions in these marine areas, through zoning and other management prescriptions. Additionally, the marine surveys conducted around Redonda established useful marine baselines to aid in monitoring the island’s recovery following removal of terrestrial invasive species. This article provides an overview of data collected using the AGRRA methodology in marine zones across Antigua and Barbuda which have current or future management prescriptions and provides recommendations to demonstrate the data’s future utilization for marine conservation and management.

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The use of connectivity in the design of networks of marine protected areas

10.7287/peerj.preprints.26809v1 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Arieanna C Balbar ◽

Anna Metaxas

Keyword(s):

Protected Areas ◽

Marine Protected Areas ◽

Conservation Planning ◽

Marine Conservation ◽

Population Connectivity ◽

Conservation Strategy ◽

Marine Biodiversity ◽

Conservation Areas ◽

Spatial Conservation Planning ◽

Ecological Conservation

Marine protected areas (MPAs) are an area-based conservation strategy commonly used to safeguard marine biodiversity and ecosystem services. Population connectivity governs the exchange of individuals among spatially fragmented habitats and is an essential criterion in the design of MPAs. However, detailed computational methods for connectivity are inconsistently applied in management decisions. We reviewed the scientific and management literature to explore the use of connectivity in MPAs located in countries with advanced marine spatial planning. Only 7.8% of 739 MPAs considered connectivity as an ecological criterion, although it has been increasingly used since 2007, suggesting progress in spatial conservation planning towards the use of ecological conservation objectives. In most cases, connectivity was measured implicitly using either rules of thumb or size and spacing guidelines. Of the MPAs that considered connectivity, 67% were for state marine conservation areas or reserves in California and commonwealth marine reserves in Australia. This pattern indicates substantial geographic biases and significant differences in conservation planning and prioritization among countries. We suggest that the incorporation of connectivity in conservation planning needs to become more accessible to practitioners. Prioritizing connectivity as an ecologically important criterion in MPA design will more adequately address metapopulation persistence and recovery.

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Shuttling between Land and Sea: Contemporary Practices among Amis Spearfishing Men as a Foundation for Local Marine-Area Management

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su12187770 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (18) ◽

pp. 7770

Author(s):

Futuru C. L. Tsai

Keyword(s):

East Coast ◽

Marine Conservation ◽

Public Affairs ◽

Ecological Knowledge ◽

Way Of Life ◽

Human Relations ◽

Community Based ◽

Marine Area ◽

Near Shore ◽

The Government

This paper explores how the Amis people on the east coast of Taiwan who practice freediving spearfishing manage the local marine area. Among the coastal Amis people, freediving spearfishing is not only a way of life but is also closely related to ritual ceremonies. Amis spearfishing men are knowledgeable of the near-shore sea and coast, and the practice of spearfishing collectively cultivates their ability to deal with both public affairs and human relations in the community. However, the Taiwanese government regards spearfishing guns as weapons and restricts them. Furthermore, the assumption that spearfishing destroys the coral ecosystem and fishery resources means that the practice is often demonized or increasingly restrained. In this paper, I argue that local marine Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK) among Amis spearfishing men can be the foundation for local marine conservation under the concept of community-based natural-resource management (CBNRM), involving both the local Amis community and the government, in spite of both parties still having their own issues to overcome.

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The role of rarity as a surrogate of marine fish species representation

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.8373 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

pp. e8373

Author(s):

Fabio Albuquerque ◽

Yaiyr Astudillo-Scalia

Keyword(s):

Species Richness ◽

Marine Conservation ◽

Marine Biodiversity ◽

Fish Diversity ◽

Area Network ◽

Number Of Species ◽

Fish Biodiversity ◽

Presence Data ◽

Species Rarity ◽

A Site

Because the distribution of most of the species is poorly known, conservationists use surrogates to help maximize the representation level of all species. Historically, species richness has been used to calculate the importance of priority areas for conservation, but several studies revealed sites with high species richness often fail to determine the smallest number of sites that will protect the highest number of species. Rarity, however, has played a prominent role in safeguarding planning units. While the performance of rarity has been previously assessed in terrestrial systems, we tested the hypothesis that rarity of a site can be used as a measure of the importance of a site to a conservation network in marine ecosystems. We used the presence data (at a 1-degree resolution) to calculate five rarity indices of fish diversity at a global extent and compared the results to those obtained by using species richness and site complementarity. Our objectives were to: (1) determine if rarity indices can be used as surrogates of fish biodiversity by representing the highest number of species in the smallest number of sites; and (2) determine if the effectiveness of these indices to represent fish biodiversity is impacted by the metric used to define rarity. Results indicate that rarity could be an effective surrogate for marine fishes, as most results showed a mean of 100% effectiveness. In the context of marine biodiversity conservation, results show that rarity indices could be considered affordable and feasible surrogates of species representation, with the most significant benefit to those areas of the world that are in most need to access alternative tools. Results also open a new area of collaboration between biogeography and marine conservation biology since planners can use biogeographical patterns of rarity to enhance the performance of the current protected area network.

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Kontribusi wisata bahari terhadap kesejahteraan masyarakat pesisir pulau Nusa Penida, Klungkung

Jurnal Kajian Bali (Journal of Bali Studies) ◽

10.24843/jkb.2017.v07.i02.p05 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 81

Author(s):

Ni Made Santi ◽

Yulius Hero ◽

Hadi Susilo Arifin

Keyword(s):

Local Community ◽

Food Resource ◽

Marine Conservation ◽

Living Condition ◽

Coastal Communities ◽

Marine Biodiversity ◽

Positive Contribution ◽

Conservation Area ◽

Marine Tourism ◽

Tourism Activity

Bali’s marine resources is an important economy asset as well as food resource for local community and marine tourism. Nusa Penida Island is located in Nusa Penida District, Klungkung Region, Bali Province. It is belonging to the coral triangle area, the highest marine biodiversity in the world. Based on Decision Letter from Ministry of Marine and Fishery number 24/2014 about Nusa Penida Marine Conservation Area in Klungkung Region, Nusa Penida marine area was designated as Marine Tourism Park. Most of coastal communities in Nusa Penida are seaweed farmer. Marine tourism activity has significant impact for community’s life. Integrated development is required to be done for its sustainability. The objective of this study is to analyze marine tourism contribution for community’s prosperity in coastal area of Nusa Penida Island. Purposive sampling is chosen to collecting field data trough interview and questionnaire in 30 respondents and analyzed used BPS’s indicator (2011). As much as 90% of coastal community in Nusa Penida is categorized in moderate living condition. Marine tourism activity contributes about 36% of local income, it’s mean that marine tourism activity in Nusa Penida give positive contribution for local communities’ prosperity.

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The use of connectivity in the design of networks of marine protected areas

10.7287/peerj.preprints.26809 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Arieanna C Balbar ◽

Anna Metaxas

Keyword(s):

Protected Areas ◽

Marine Protected Areas ◽

Conservation Planning ◽

Marine Conservation ◽

Population Connectivity ◽

Conservation Strategy ◽

Marine Biodiversity ◽

Conservation Areas ◽

Spatial Conservation Planning ◽

Ecological Conservation

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Harmonisasi terhadap Peraturan Daerah No. 14 Tahun 2006 tentang Pengelolaan Pelestarian Kawasan Konservasi Laut Daerah dalam Perlindungan Pulau Pariwisata Kabupaten Indramayu

Jurnal Suara Hukum ◽

10.26740/1.jsh.2019.1.2.5244 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 142

Author(s):

Saiful Kholik ◽

Imas Khaeriyah

Keyword(s):

Rule Of Law ◽

Local Governments ◽

Environmental Law ◽

Policy Formulation ◽

Marine Conservation ◽

Environmental Damage ◽

Conservation Area ◽

The Rule Of Law ◽

The Government ◽

The Impact

Inconsistency Regional Regulation No.14 of 2006 about marine conservation area of the island of Biawak, Gososng, which Cendekian provides protection but in fact failed to provide protection as evidenced by dredging island sandbar and cendekian conducted PT.Pertamina UP VI Balongan INDRAMAYU. The problem in this research How Formulation Policy Act No. 10 Year 2009 on the Indonesian Tourism with the Indramayu Regional Regulation No. 14 of 2006 regarding marine conservation area of the island of Biawak, Gososng, Cendekian And How Harmonization Act No. 10 of 2009 with the Indramayu Regional Regulation No. 14 of 2006 regarding formulation Act No. 10 Year 2009 on the Indonesian Tourism with the Indramayu Regional Regulation No. 14 of 2006 about marine conservation area of the island of Biawak, Gososng, Cendekian, the purpose of this research to understand and analyze the extent to which policy The findings of the community or field of law local governments about the environmental damage done by companies or individuals are not equal accordance with regional regulations in force, nor the Law in force so that the function of law in society indramayu not fit the mandate to establish a change and justice based Formulation public corporate criminal liability.Inskonsitensi happens to local regulation No.14 of 2006 makes no harmonized with the regulations of each other so that the impact of this inskonsistensi makes the sector particularly environmental law enforcement get uncertainties that result in coastal communities Indramayau.Conclusion Harmonization of regulations of the center and regions delivering the policy formulation of the rule of law area to comply with the regulations above in order to avoid inconsistency, the occurrence of this inconsistency resulted in the rule of law and justice for the indramayu, suggestion that the government should was nearly revise regulations related area, especially the government must dare to take action to give effect to the perpetrator deterrent effect rule-based running as well as possible.

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E – Governance System in Gujarat State

Adhyayan A Journal of Management Sciences ◽

10.21567/adhyayan.v2i2.10244 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Prof. Nirav Halvadia ◽

Prof. (Dr.) Ajay Joshi ◽

Prof. Shekha Patel

Keyword(s):

Information And Communication Technologies ◽

Local Area Network ◽

Communication Technologies ◽

Business Communication ◽

Local Area ◽

Area Network ◽

Governance System ◽

Gujarat State ◽

Information And Communication

E-governance system means the use of a range of modern Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) such as Internet, Local Area Network, and Mobiles etc, by Government to improve the effectiveness, efficiency, service delivery and to promote democracy. Gujarat is a frontline state in the implementation of e-governance policies & projects and setting up of key infrastructure for e-governance. This article deals with role of Gujarat egovernance system in improving Government to Government, Government to Citizen and Government to Business communication. This article also gives overview of system, E-governance system and benefits of.

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