scholarly journals Using BAD for good: how best available data facilitated a precautionary policy change to improve protection of the prey of the tiger Panthera tigris in Malaysia

Oryx ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 420-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kae Kawanishi ◽  
Gopalasamy Reuben Clements ◽  
Melvin Gumal ◽  
Gareth Goldthorpe ◽  
Mohd Nawayai Yasak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prey Species ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Camera Trapping ◽  
Panthera Tigris ◽  
Policy Changes ◽  
Illegal Hunting ◽  
Tapirus Indicus ◽  
Prey Populations

AbstractTiger Panthera tigris populations are under threat from poaching and depletion of their prey populations. The National Tiger Action Plan for Malaysia contains several actions addressing the threat of legal and illegal hunting of tiger prey species. One action in this plan required an investigation of whether urgent policy changes were needed to improve the protection of the prey of tigers, based on existing data. As the lack of reliable baseline data prevented us from determining population trends accurately, we compiled camera-trapping data from 23 studies conducted between 1997 and 2008 on four principal tiger prey species (sambar Rusa unicolor, barking deer Muntiacus muntjac, wild boar Sus scrofa and bearded pig S. barbatus) and two potential prey species (gaur Bos gaurus and Malayan tapir Tapirus indicus) and compared their distributions and relative abundances. From 10,145 wildlife photographs spanning 40,303 trap-nights, sambar, bearded pig and gaur appeared to be most threatened given their restricted distribution and low relative abundance. Among these, the gaur has full legal protection and has received more conservation attention than the other two species. Following our assessment and advocacy a 6-year moratorium on hunting both sambar and barking deer was imposed by the Malaysian government and the highest protection status possible was afforded the bearded pig. This case study illustrates how best available data (BAD), in this case from camera-trapping studies, can be harnessed to effect precautionary policy changes to curb the impacts of hunting on threatened predator and prey populations that could crash well before resources would otherwise be available for rigorous scientific assessments.

Inter-specific competition influences apex predator–prey populations

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (7) ◽  
pp. 628
Author(s):  
Chidanand S. Reddy ◽  
Reuven Yosef ◽  
Gianpiero Calvi ◽  
Lorenzo Fornasari
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Species Interactions ◽  
Prey Species ◽  
Predation Pressure ◽  
Panthera Tigris ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Cuon Alpinus ◽  
Prey System ◽  
Tiger Reserve ◽  
Prey Populations

Abstract ContextTiger (Panthera tigris), leopard (Panthera pardus) and dhole (Cuon alpinus) represent a typical multi-predator system of species of conservation concern. Several studies have addressed this system, with heterogeneous results, and there’s a lack of information on population dynamics of multi-species assemblages. We studied a time series (1998–2009) of abundance indices for three predators and five prey species in Bor Wildlife Sanctuary (BWS), Maharashtra, India, before it was declared as Bor Tiger Reserve (BTR) in 2009. AimsTo analyse the complex relationships within a predator–prey system in a dynamic fashion, to analyse data collected in a stable and undisturbed area and to form a comparison basis for future studies within the sanctuary after its declaration as a Tiger Reserve. MethodsA 24-h effort was made annually to census the BWS. Predators were counted at waterholes from arboreal hideouts. The prey populations were censused along 353-km line-transects. For each species, we analysed the yearly growth rate, testing the effect of inter-species abundance. Key resultsTiger growth rate did not depend on any particular prey, whereas mesopredators seemed to depend on medium-sized prey. A die-out of dholes in 2001 was followed by an increase in tiger populations (from 4 to 11), which, in turn, negatively affected leopard numbers (from 6 to 2).We found no direct evidence of top-down effect, but the density dependence for three of five prey species could be linked to predation pressure. We found some evidence of interspecific competition among prey species, especially among ungulates, potentially being mediated by predation pressure. ConclusionsThe relationships among species in a predator–prey system are very complex and often could be explained only by more-than-two-species interactions. The disappearance of one predator, not necessarily the top predator, could bring multiple effects, for which it could be difficult to detect causal relationships. ImplicationsAll subsequent changes in human activities in the sanctuary, as a consequence of its designation as the BTR in 2009, should be evaluated with respect to the results of the present study. The conservation of large predators should rely on the maintenance of a rich and abundant prey base, in which different-sized prey could lessen interactive-competition among the predators.

Legal Protection Of Heirs Testamenter To Testament Agreement Which Not Registered (Case Study Testamenter Without Heirs)

Jurnal Akta ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 421
Author(s):  
Amalia Putri Prima Erdian ◽  
Arief Cholil
Keyword(s):  
Basic Result ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Public Official ◽  
The Will ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Registered Case

Law of inheritance only happens because the person died. In BW there are two ways to get wealth, that is: as heirs according to the provisions of law and as a person appointed in the will. What is meant by the will itself according to Article 875 BW is an agreement that make statements about what he wished someone would happen after he died, and that by her to pull back. In general, people make a will before a Public Notary. According to article 1 paragraph 1 of Act No. 2 of 2014 concerning On Notary (now referred to UUJN). Notary is a public official who is authorized to make authentic agreements and other authorities referred to in the Act, where each testament must be shaped agreement in order to obtain certainty law as an authentic agreement binding. With the creation of the will meant that the parties can understand and be able to know the basic result of the offense can be arranged so that the interests of the concerned receive proper protection as known by the Notary.Keywords: Inheritance; Heir; Testament; Authentic Agreement

Si Crans-Montana meurt. Soigner le corps malade d’une station

ARCHALP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (N. 4 / 2020) ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Giromini
Keyword(s):  
Social Context ◽  
Alpine Meadow ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Built Heritage ◽  
Environment And Health ◽  
Health Action ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Health Action Plan

New Alpine companies, like Crans-Montana on the Haut-Plateau, remain, more often than not, trapped in representative logic opposing the clan of modernists to that of defenders of values anchored in an ideal-typical tradition. The Haut-Plateau territory, so named due to its geographic location and topographic conformation – not for the morphology of the soil – was still a space free of any construction in the mid-nineteenth century. This vast alpine meadow was marked by a few utility buildings for sheltering cattle and hay during the intermediate seasons that precede the full summer. At the turn of the 3rd millennium, the built heritage, essentially consisting of hotel structures and holiday residences, is no longer able to welcome the new socio-economic dynamics linked to the mono-culture of skiing. This crisis calls habits, both old and new, into question, given the youth of the tourist resort. In June 2000, a Federal programme selected Crans-Montana as a case study for testing an Environment and Health Action Plan. This provided an opportunity for a group of architects to formulate an inter-municipal blueprint that activated a series of urban renewal projects. The new architectural formulae that emerge try to go beyond stylistic modernism by reinterpreting the relationship with the built environment and its social context.

scholarly journals The importance of changing urban scenery in the assessment of citizens’ soundscape perception. On the need for different time-related points of view

Noise Mapping ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 138-161
Author(s):  
Jerónimo Vida Manzano ◽  
José Antonio Almagro Pastor ◽  
Rafael García Quesada
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Noise Exposure ◽  
Noise Control ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Heavy Traffic ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Complementary Method ◽  
Reduction Strategies ◽  
The Right ◽  
The City

Abstract The city of Granada is experimenting a big urban transformation, attending national and international commitments on clean air, energy efficiency and savings linked to greenhouse gases reduction strategies and sustainable development action plans. This situation constitutes a good scenario for new noise control approaches that take into account the sound variable and citizens empowering in urban design, such as the soundscape assessment of urban territory. In this way, soundscape tools have been used in Granada as a complementary method for environmental noise characterisation where traditional noise control techniques are difficult to be carried out or give limited results. After 2016 strategic noise map and in the preparation of the new noise action plan, the city came across a great acoustic challenge in a new area located outskirts characterised by growing urbanisation, still under development, the greatest legal protection because of sensitive teaching and hospital buildings and the greatest noise exposure from nearby ring-way supporting heavy traffic flow. As quiet urban areas are not characterised by the absence of noise but for the presence of the right noise, this research intended to provide the local administration with results and proposals to transform this conflict area in a pleasant or quiet urban place. Main results came from important and significative differences in morning and evening characterisation, as great differences appear in soundscape assessment over the day and along the soundwalk path, indicating the importance of time and local issues to adequately characterised citizens perception to be considered by administration in the development of strategies and effective noise control actions.

scholarly journals The Biosimilar Landscape: An Overview of Regulatory Approvals by the EMA and FDA

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
Ioana Gherghescu ◽  
M. Begoña Delgado-Charro
Keyword(s):  
Drug Administration ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
European Medicines Agency ◽  
Patient Access ◽  
Clinical Evaluations ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Us ◽  
Improve Patient ◽  
The Eu

Biosimilar medicines expand the biotherapeutic market and improve patient access. This work looked into the landscape of the European and US biosimilar products, their regulatory authorization, market availability, and clinical evaluation undergone prior to the regulatory approval. European Medicines Agency (EMEA, currently EMA) and Food and Drug Administration (FDA) repositories were searched to identify all biosimilar medicines approved before December 2019. Adalimumab biosimilars, and particularly their clinical evaluations, were used as a case study. In the past 13 years, the EMA has received 65 marketing authorization applications for biosimilar medicines with 55 approved biosimilars available in the EU market. Since the first biosimilar approval in 2015, the FDA has granted 26 approvals for biosimilars with only 11 being currently on the US market. Five adalimumab biosimilars have been approved in the EU and commercialized as eight different medicines through duplicate marketing authorizations. Whilst three of these are FDA-approved, the first adalimumab biosimilar will not be marketed in the US until 2023 due to Humira’s exclusivity period. The EU biosimilar market has developed faster than its US counterpart, as the latter is probably challenged by a series of patents and exclusivity periods protecting the bio-originator medicines, an issue addressed by the US’s latest ‘Biosimilar Action Plan’.

scholarly journals Action plan for hit identification (APHID): KAT6A as a case study

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 423-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangyan Yi ◽  
Lian Xue ◽  
Tim Thomas ◽  
Jonathan B Baell
Keyword(s):  
High Throughput ◽  
High Throughput Screening ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Hit Identification

Here, we describe our action plan for hit identification (APHID) that guides the process of hit triage, with elimination of less tractable hits and retention of more tractable hits. We exemplify the process with reference to our high-throughput screening (HTS) campaign against the enzyme, KAT6A, that resulted in successful identification of a tractable hit. We hope that APHID could serve as a useful, concise and digestible guide for those involved in HTS and hit triage, especially those that are relatively new to this exciting and continually evolving technology.

Impact of Fare Policy Changes on Paratransit Travel Options: METROLift Case Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 2673 (8) ◽  
pp. 198-208
Author(s):  
Shuman Tan ◽  
Eun Sug Park ◽  
Jinuk Hwang
Keyword(s):  
Interrupted Time Series ◽  
Service Area ◽  
Policy Changes ◽  
Series Design ◽  
Taxi Service ◽  
Willingness To Use ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Interrupted Time Series Design ◽  
Analyze Data

The Metropolitan Transit Authority of Harris County’s METROLift program implemented several revised fare policies on travel options available to eligible riders at the end of 2015 and the beginning of 2016. Fares changed on the METROLift paratransit single ticket and passes. A premium fare for the expanded service area and a smartcard—Freedom Q Card—that allows free ride on METRO’s fixed-route services were introduced. This paper documents analyses to determine the impact of the revised METROLift fare policies on travel patterns and travel frequency of METROLift riders. The authors used a linear segmented regression analysis to analyze data from an interrupted time series design. The results suggest that the revised fare policies controlled the growth of percentage of riders who use METROLift paratransit service in total ADA-eligible riders, while improved the awareness and willingness to use supplementary paratransit travel options, especially the fixed-route service in the base service area and the subsidy taxi service in the expanded service area.

scholarly journals Scientific crowdsourcing in wildlife research and conservation: Tigers (Panthera tigris) as a case study

PLoS Biology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. e2001001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Özgün Emre Can ◽  
Neil D’Cruze ◽  
Margaret Balaskas ◽  
David W. Macdonald
Keyword(s):  
Panthera Tigris
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