scholarly journals Predicting preferred prey of Sumatran tigers Panthera tigris sumatrae via spatio-temporal overlap

Oryx ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Maximilian L. Allen ◽  
Marsya C. Sibarani ◽  
Miha Krofel
Keyword(s):  
Wild Boar ◽  
Camera Trap ◽  
Critically Endangered ◽  
Panthera Tigris ◽  
Potential Prey ◽  
Encounter Rates ◽  
Prey Preferences ◽  
Sambar Deer ◽  
Composite Scores ◽  
Temporal Overlap

Abstract Encounter rates of carnivores with prey are dependent on spatial and temporal overlap, and are often highest with their preferred prey. The Critically Endangered Sumatran tiger Panthera tigris sumatrae is dependent on prey populations, but little is known about its prey preferences. We collected camera-trap data for 7 years (2010–2016) in Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park, Sumatra, to investigate spatial and temporal overlap of tigers with potential prey species. We also developed a novel method to predict predator–prey encounter rates and potential prey preferences from camera-trap data. We documented at least 10 individual tigers, with an overall detection rate of 0.24 detections/100 trap nights. Tigers exhibited a diurnal activity pattern and had highest temporal overlap with wild boar Sus scrofa and pig-tailed macaques Macaca nemestrina, but highest spatial overlap with wild boar and sambar deer Rusa unicolor. We created a spatial and temporal composite score and three additional composite scores with adjustments for the spatial overlap and preferred prey mass. Wild boars ranked highest for all composite scores, followed by sambar deer, and both are known as preferred tiger prey in other areas. Spatial and temporal overlaps are often considered as separate indices, but a composite score may facilitate better predictions of encounter rates and potential prey preferences. Our findings suggest that prey management efforts in this area should focus on wild boar and sambar deer, to ensure a robust prey base for this Critically Endangered tiger population.

scholarly journals Observations of occurrence and daily activity patterns of ungulates in the Endau Rompin Landscape, peninsular Malaysia

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 11245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Win Sim Tan ◽  
Norazmi Bin Amir Hamzah ◽  
Salman Saaban ◽  
Nurul Aida Zawakhir ◽  
Yugees Rao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wild Boar ◽  
Daily Activity ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Camera Trap ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Panthera Tigris ◽  
Sambar Deer ◽  
Daily Activity Patterns

Camera trap data was used to study occurrence and daily activity patterns in the Endau Rompin Landscape of peninsular Malaysia during 2011, 2013 and 2015 to estimate Malayan Tiger Panthera tigris jacksoni population densities.  By-catch data were also collected for seven ungulate species: Barking Deer Muntiacus muntjak, Bearded Pig Sus barbatus, Wild Boar Sus scrofa, Greater Mousedeer Tragulus napu, Lesser Mousedeer Tragulus kanchil, Malayan Tapir Tapirus indicus and Sambar Deer Rusa unicolor.  Of these, Bayesian single-season occupancy analysis suggested that Barking Deer were the most widespread and Mousedeer spp. the least widespread during the study period.  Bearded Pig, Malayan Tapir and Wild Boar were recorded in more than half of the camera trap area (Sambar Deer was excluded due to small sample size).  Daily activity patterns based on independent captures in 2015 suggest that Barking Deer, Bearded Pig and Wild Boar are mostly diurnal, mousedeer species are crepuscular and Malayan Tapir strongly nocturnal.  

scholarly journals Camera trap based niche partitioning model of medium size ungulates and its implications on tigers prey availability in SE Asian rainforest

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andri A Wibowo
Keyword(s):  
Wild Boar ◽  
Activity Pattern ◽  
Prey Availability ◽  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Niche Partitioning ◽  
Camera Trap ◽  
Diel Activity ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Diurnal Activity ◽  
Potential Prey

The presence and survival of the Sumatran tiger were determined by the presence, density, and activity of its prey. Several medium size mammal belongs to the ungulate were known as the potential prey for the tiger. While, the information on the temporal availability of this prey in the rainforest is still limited. In here this study aimed to aims to model the niche partitioning of several mammalian species that was potential prey for tiger. The studied species were including barking deer (Muntiacus muntjak), bearded pig (Sus barbatus), and wild boar (Sus scrofa). The method was using camera trap with data analyses including the calculation of Kernel density, diel activity, and niche partitioning determined using overlap index. Based on the results, barking deer and wild boar showed only singular activity peak while bearded pig has several activity peaks. Only wild boar showed a strict diurnal activity pattern between 06:00 h and 12:00 h. Barking deer showed a crepuscular behavior with several activities observed at 18:00 h. While bearded pig showed a nocturnal behavior and showed at least two peaks of activity, one between 09:00 to 13:00 and another between 18:00 to 24:00 h. Barking deer and bearded pig uses almost similar niches since those species have the highest overlap indices value equals 0.504(95%CI:0.193-0.824). The lowest overlap indices value was observed for barking deer and wild boar with overlap indice values of 0.032(95%CI:0.0-0.162). Considering the diurnal activity pattern of the tiger that is mostly active at day, then the available preys were either barking deer or bearded pigs. While since barking deer and bearded pigs were using the same niche, then there will be potential competition.

scholarly journals Daily Activity Patterns and Co-Occurrence of Duikers Revealed by an Intensive Camera Trap Survey across Central African Rainforests

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2200
Author(s):  
Fructueux G. A. Houngbégnon ◽  
Daniel Cornelis ◽  
Cédric Vermeulen ◽  
Bonaventure Sonké ◽  
Stephan Ntie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Daily Activity ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Camera Trap ◽  
Camera Traps ◽  
The Other ◽  
Species Pairs ◽  
Free Ranging ◽  
First Time ◽  
Daily Activity Patterns ◽  
Temporal Overlap

The duiker community in Central African rainforests includes a diversity of species that can coexist in the same area. The study of their activity patterns is needed to better understand habitat use or association between the species. Using camera traps, we studied the temporal activity patterns, and quantified for the first time the temporal overlap and spatial co-occurrence between species. Our results show that: (i) Two species are strongly diurnal: Cephalophus leucogaster, and Philantomba congica, (ii) two species are mostly diurnal: C.callipygus and C. nigrifrons, (iii) one species is strongly nocturnal: C.castaneus, (iv) and one species is mostly nocturnal: C.silvicultor. Analyses of temporal activities (for five species) identified four species pairs that highly overlapped (Δ^≥ 0.80), and six pairs that weakly overlapped (Δ^ between 0.06 and 0.35). Finally, co-occurrence tests reveal a truly random co-occurrence (plt > 0.05 and pgt > 0.05) for six species pairs, and a positive co-occurrence (pgt < 0.05) for four pairs. Positive co-occurrences are particularly noted for pairs formed by C.callipygus with the other species (except C. nigrifrons). These results are essential for a better understanding of the coexistence of duikers and the ecology of poorly known species (C. leucogaster and C. nigrifrons), and provide clarification on the activity patterns of C. silvicultor which was subject to controversy. Camera traps proved then to be a powerful tool for studying the activity patterns of free-ranging duiker populations.

scholarly journals Bringing clarity to the clouded leopard Neofelis diardi: first density estimates from Sumatra

Oryx ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 536-539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahel Sollmann ◽  
Matthew Linkie ◽  
Iding A. Haidir ◽  
David W. Macdonald
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Camera Trap ◽  
Forest Loss ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Panthera Tigris ◽  
Density Estimates ◽  
Clouded Leopard ◽  
Data Limitations ◽  
Capture Recapture ◽  
Study Sites

AbstractWe use data from camera-trap surveys for tigers Panthera tigris in combination with spatial capture–recapture models to provide the first density estimates for the Sunda clouded leopard Neofelis diardi on Sumatra. Surveys took place during 2004–2007 in the Kerinci landscape. Densities were 0.385–1.278 per 100 km2. We found no statistically significant differences in density among four study sites or between primary and mixed forest. Because the data sets are too small to account for differences in detection parameters between sexes, density is probably underestimated. Estimates are comparable to previous estimates of 1–2 per 100 km2 from the lowlands of central Sabah, on Borneo. Data limitations suggest that camera-trap surveys for Sunda clouded leopards require traps spaced more closely, to increase the chance of recaptures at different traps. Nevertheless, these first density estimates for clouded leopards on Sumatra provide a benchmark for measuring future conservation impact on an island that is undergoing rapid forest loss.

scholarly journals A new population of the Critically Endangered Aders’ duiker Cephalophus adersi confirmed from northern coastal Kenya

Oryx ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 444-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel A. Andanje ◽  
Andrew E. Bowkett ◽  
Bernard Risky Agwanda ◽  
Grace W. Ngaruiya ◽  
Amy B. Plowman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Loss ◽  
Camera Trap ◽  
Iucn Red List ◽  
Red List ◽  
Critically Endangered ◽  
Similar Data ◽  
Single Individual ◽  
Coastal Forests ◽  
Coastal Kenya ◽  
Tana River

AbstractAders’ duiker Cephalophus adersi is a small antelope endemic to the coastal forests of east Africa. Threatened by habitat loss and hunting, the species is categorized as Critically Endangered on the IUCN Red List. Until recently Aders’ duiker was known to persist only on Zanzibar, Tanzania, and in the Arabuko-Sokoke Forest National Reserve, Kenya. However, in 2004 a sighting of a single individual was reported from the Dodori forest in northern coastal Kenya, raising the possibility that the species survives elsewhere. Subsequently, an opportunistic camera-trap survey was conducted in September and October 2008 to establish the occurrence of Aders’ duiker in Kenyan coastal forests north of the Tana River. One hundred and fifty six images of Aders’ duikers were obtained from 12 of 28 camera-trap sites (46 of 358 camera-trap days), confirming the existence of a population of Aders’ duiker in the Boni–Dodori forest both inside and outside the National Reserves. In addition, we sighted individuals of the species on three occasions. The relatively high encounter rates per unit effort compared to similar data from Arabuko-Sokoke forest suggest the Boni–Dodori population is significant. Initial surveys of the local Awer community revealed that Aders’ duiker is well known by the name guno. These findings significantly improve the conservation prospects for Aders’ duiker and highlight the need for greater research and management efforts in the poorly known Boni–Dodori forest.

Camera Trap Observations of Nonhabituated Critically Endangered Wild Blonde Capuchins, Sapajus flavius (Formerly Cebus flavius)

2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 895-907 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. M. Bezerra ◽  
M. Bastos ◽  
A. Souto ◽  
M. P. Keasey ◽  
P. Eason ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Camera Trap ◽  
Critically Endangered

scholarly journals Prey selection by Bengal Tiger Panthera tigris tigris (Mammalia: Carnivora: Felidae) of Chitwan National Park, Nepal

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (14) ◽  
pp. 8081 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saneer Lamichhane ◽  
Bibhuti Ranjan Jha
Keyword(s):  
Wild Boar ◽  
National Park ◽  
Prey Species ◽  
Prey Selection ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Panthera Tigris ◽  
Prey Composition ◽  
The Status ◽  
Panthera Tigris Tigris ◽  
Chitwan National Park

<p>Prey selection by tiger in Chitwan National Park, Nepal was studied from 77 tiger scats that contained the remains of principal prey species.  The scats were collected from January to March 2010.  Government reports on herbivore population in Chitwan provided the base data on density of principal prey species.  In order to understand prey selectivity, the observed proportion of prey species in the scats were compared with the expected proportion derived from density estimates.  The observed scat frequency of Sambar, Hog Deer and Wild Boar was found to be greater than the estimated frequency, and the reverse was true for Chital and Muntjac.  The average weight of the principal prey species killed was 84 kg. According to our results, Chital and Sambar constituted the bulk (82.07%), and Hog Deer, Wild Boar, and Muntjac constituted 17.93% of the tiger diet.  Sambar contributed the largest bulk (43.75%) of prey composition, but Chital constituted the relatively most killed (50.36%) prey species.  The present study makes a contribution to an understanding of the status of prey composition in tiger scat in Chitwan during the year 2010.  The study also highlights that both large and medium sized prey are important for the conservation of tiger in Chitwan National Park.</p><div> </div>

scholarly journals The Increase of Sumatran Tiger’s Prey Following Eradication of Melastoma malabatrichum in Way Kambas National Park, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 63972
Author(s):  
Jani Master ◽  
Ibnul Qayim ◽  
Dede Setiadi ◽  
Nyoto Santoso
Keyword(s):  
Wild Boar ◽  
National Park ◽  
Camera Traps ◽  
Encounter Rate ◽  
Feeding Ground ◽  
Sambar Deer ◽  
Way Kambas National Park

The invasion of the planter's rhododendron (Melastoma malabatrichum) in Way Kambas National Park caused the loss of the sumatran tiger preys feeding ground, therefore efforts were made to eradicate the plant. This study aimed to compare the presence of sumatran tiger preys between M. malabatrichum-invaded location and eradicated location. Eradication was carried out by removing M. malabatrichum on a plot measuring 80 x 60 m2. To record the animal visit, the camera traps were placed at the eradicated and invaded location of M. malabatrichum for comparison. The results showed that the M. malabatrichum eradicated location was more frequently visited by sumatran tiger preys. At the M. malabatrichum eradicated location, camera traps recorded 19 species of wild boar having the highest encounter rate (55.23) followed by sambar deer (33.24), and long-tailed macaque (17.43). Meanwhile, at the M. malabatrichum invaded location, camera traps recorded 13 species with wild boar having the highest encounter rate (30.56), followed by sambar deer (14.75), and long-tailed macaque (14.48). Thus, the eradication of M. malabatrichum had a good impact on increasing the number of sumatran tiger preys due to the availability of feed after being free from M. malabatrichum invasion.

scholarly journals Spatial and temporal analysis of leopards (Panthera pardus), their prey and tigers (Panthera tigris) in Huai Kha Khaeng Wildlife Sanctuary, Thailand

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-82
Author(s):  
Apinya Saisamorn ◽  
Prateep Duengkae ◽  
Anak Pattanavibool ◽  
Somphot Duangchantrasiri ◽  
Achara Simcharoen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Wild Boar ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
Abundance Ratio ◽  
Panthera Tigris ◽  
Panthera Pardus ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
The North ◽  
Temporal Interactions

AbstractDespite their extensive distribution globally, recent reports indicate leopards are declining, especially in Southeast Asia. To support conservation efforts we analyzed the behavioral interactions between leopards (Panthera pardus), their prey, and tigers to determine if leopards fine-tune their activity to maximize contact with four prey species (sambar; wild boar; barking deer; banteng) and avoid tigers and if prey alter their temporal activity in response to variation in their relative abundance ratio with leopards. A lower density of sambar in the northern part of our study area and a lower density of wild boar and a higher density of tigers in the southern part allowed us to examine fine-grained differences in the behavior of leopards and their prey. We used camera trap data to investigate spatial and temporal overlap. Differences in tiger relative abundance did not appear to impact the temporal activity of leopards. Leopards had similar cathemeral activity at all sites with highest activity at dawn and dusk. This behavior appears to be a compromise to provide access to diurnal wild boar and barking deer and nocturnal sambar and banteng. Sambar showed higher temporal avoidance of leopards in the north where its RAI was lowest; in contrast, wild boar had the highest temporal avoidance in the south where its density was lowest. This is the first study in Southeast Asia to quantify spatial and temporal interactions between the leopard, its primary ungulate prey, and the tiger. It provides new insights for conserving this declining subspecies.

scholarly journals Spatiotemporal patterns of wolf, mesocarnivores and prey in a Mediterranean area

2021 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Rossa ◽  
Sandro Lovari ◽  
Francesco Ferretti
Keyword(s):  
Wild Boar ◽  
Red Fox ◽  
Roe Deer ◽  
Fallow Deer ◽  
Apex Predator ◽  
Wild Ungulates ◽  
Apex Predators ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Behavioural Interactions ◽  
Temporal Overlap

Abstract Spatial and temporal occurrence can mediate behavioural interactions between apex predators, mesocarnivores and herbivores. Predators should adapt their activity to that of prey, whereas predator avoidance would be expected to influence activity patterns and space use of prey and smaller competitors. We evaluated interspecific spatiotemporal relationships in a prey-rich community including an apex predator (the wolf), three wild ungulates and several smaller herbivores/mesocarnivores, through camera trapping. All considered species (i.e. wolves and potential prey/smaller competitors: wild boar, fallow deer, roe deer, crested porcupine, red fox and European badger) were active especially at night and/or twilight. Among wild ungulates, the wolf showed the greatest temporal overlap with the wild boar and the lowest one with the least abundant and used of them, i.e. the roe deer. The main prey (i.e. the fallow deer) showed more diurnal activity and a lower temporal overlap with the predator in sites with high wolf activity than in low-activity ones. Among mesocarnivores, the red fox showed extensive temporal overlap with the wolf: the overlap between the two canids was greater in sites intensively used by this apex predator than in sites with low wolf activity, supporting a concurrent study which suggested a potential for facilitative—rather than competitive—interactions. Spatiotemporal relationships suggest complex interactions between the apex predator, prey and smaller carnivores, for which a substantial temporal or spatial association was often supported. Significance statement There is a growing interest in the influence of apex predators on ecosystems through their effects on the behaviour of prey and smaller carnivores, especially in the light of the ongoing recovery of large carnivores in temperate areas. Predators should synchronise their activity to that of prey; conversely, prey and smaller carnivores would be expected to avoid predators. In a rich community including the wolf, three wild ungulates and several mesomammals, we detected (i) a substantial temporal overlap between wolves and wild boar, porcupines and mesocarnivores; (ii) a negative temporal association between the predator and its main prey (i.e. the fallow deer) and (iii) a great temporal overlap between the wolf and the red fox. We provide a baseline to evaluate temporal changes of predator-prey-mesocarnivore behavioural interactions along with variations of carnivore-prey densities.

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