New approaches to pathogenesis of malaria in pregnancy

Parasitology ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 134 (13) ◽  
pp. 1883-1893 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. ROGERSON ◽  
P. BOEUF
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Malaria In Pregnancy ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Foetal Growth ◽  
Dimensional Interaction ◽  
Foetal Growth Restriction ◽  
Consequences Of Disease ◽  
In Pregnancy

SUMMARYMalaria infection during pregnancy is associated with poor maternal and foetal outcomes including low birth weight. In malaria-endemic areas, low birth weight is primarily a consequence of foetal growth restriction. Little is known on the pathogenesis of foetal growth restriction and our understanding of the relationship between epidemiological observations and the pathogenesis or consequences of disease is incomplete. In this review, we describe these gaps in our knowledge and also try to identify goals for future research into malaria in pregnancy. Foetal growth restriction results from a complex four-dimensional interaction between the foetus, the mother and the malaria parasite over gestation, and research into its pathogenesis may be advanced by combining longitudinal studies with techniques and approaches new to the field of malaria in pregnancy. Such approaches would greatly increase our knowledge on the pathogenesis of this disease and may provide new avenues for intervention strategies.

scholarly journals Study of obstetric outcome in pregnancies with intrauterine growth retardation

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 1858
Author(s):  
Surbhi Sinha ◽  
Vilas N. Kurude
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Social Risk ◽  
Foetal Growth ◽  
Foetal Growth Restriction

Background: The prevalence of low birth weight affects approximately 3-10% of live-born newborns in developed countries and 15-20% of newborns.in developing countries. The most common cause of low birth weight is considered to be intrauterine foetal growth restriction. IUGR being an outcome of multiple etiologies and as indicated by the literature survey varies upon population statistics in terms of economic status as well as maternal health conditions.Methods: This study includes 100 patients with foetal growth restriction in a tertiary health care centre in Mumbai over a period of 11/2 year (Jan 2015 to July2016) and the relevant data of these patients such as indoor registration number, maternal age, parity, antenatal registration and referral details, medical, obstetric, social risk factors and feto-maternal outcome were collected using a predesigned proforma.Results: Incidence of IUGR in our study population was found to be 2.13% of which maximum number of cases (48%) were seen in the age group of 21-25 years. Low socio-economic group, maternal high-risk factors like Pre-eclampsia and eclampsia were associated with low Mean Birth weights of babies. Symphysio-fundal height was found to be a sensitive predictor of IUGR and the ratio HC/AC was associated with prediction of type of IUGR (p=0.000). 83% cases were found to have asymmetric IUGR while 17% cases had symmetric IUGR. The Perinatal Mortality Rate was found to be 1.92 per 1000 live births with 5% still births and 8% neonatal deaths, the most common causes of neonatal death being sepsis (44.4%) and respiratory distress syndrome (44.4%).Conclusions: Accurate dating, provision of early registration with regular antenatal checkup, clinico- sonographic evaluation and correlation for fetal growth in high risk patients and strict antepartum surveillance after IUGR has been identified are recommended. Integration of foetal anatomy assessment, amniotic fluid dynamics, uterine, umbilical, and foetal middle cerebral artery Doppler is the most effective approach to differentiate potentially manageable placenta-based Fetal Growth Restriction(FGR) from IUGR due to aneuploidy, non- aneuploid syndromes, and viral infection.

Nanoparticles in pregnancy: the next frontier in reproductive therapeutics

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natasha Pritchard ◽  
Tu’uhevaha Kaitu’u-Lino ◽  
Lynda Harris ◽  
Stephen Tong ◽  
Natalie Hannan
Keyword(s):  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Pregnancy Complications ◽  
Reproductive Medicine ◽  
Gestational Trophoblastic Disease ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Foetal Growth ◽  
Trophoblastic Disease ◽  
Foetal Growth Restriction ◽  
In Pregnancy

Abstract BACKGROUND Nanotechnology involves the engineering of structures on a molecular level. Nanomedicine and nano-delivery systems have been designed to deliver therapeutic agents to a target site or organ in a controlled manner, maximizing efficacy while minimizing off-target effects of the therapeutic agent administered. In both reproductive medicine and obstetrics, developing innovative therapeutics is often tempered by fears of damage to the gamete, embryo or developing foetus or of negatively impacting a woman’s reproductive potential. Thus, nanomedicine delivery systems may provide alternative targeted intervention strategies, treating the source of the disease and minimizing long-term consequences for the mother and/or her foetus. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE This review summarizes the current state of nanomedicine technology in reproductive medicine and obstetrics, including safety, potential applications, future directions and the hurdles for translation. SEARCH METHODS A comprehensive electronic literature search of PubMed and Web of Science databases was performed to identify studies published in English up until February 2020. Relevant keywords were used to obtain information regarding use of nanoparticle technology in fertility and gene therapy, early pregnancy complications (ectopic pregnancy and gestational trophoblastic disease) and obstetric complications (preeclampsia, foetal growth restriction, preterm birth and gestational diabetes) and for selective treatment of the mother or foetus. Safety of specific nanoparticles to the gamete, embryo and foetus was also investigated. OUTCOMES Pre-clinical research in the development of nanoparticle therapeutic delivery is being undertaken in many fields of reproductive medicine. Non-hormonal-targeted nanoparticle therapy for fibroids and endometriosis may provide fertility-sparing medical management. Delivery of interventions via nanotechnology provides opportunities for gene manipulation and delivery in mammalian gametes. Targeting cytotoxic treatments to early pregnancy tissue provides an alternative approach to manage ectopic pregnancies and gestational trophoblastic disease. In pregnancy, nanotherapeutic delivery offers options to stably deliver silencing RNA and microRNA inhibitors to the placenta to regulate gene expression, opening doors to novel genetic treatments for preeclampsia and foetal growth restriction. Restricting delivery of teratogenic drugs to the maternal compartment (such as warfarin) may reduce risks to the foetus. Alternatively, targeted delivery of drugs to the foetus (such as those to treat foetal arrythmias) may minimize side effects for the mother. WIDER IMPLICATIONS We expect that further development of targeted therapies using nanoparticles in a reproductive setting has promise to eventually allow safe and directed treatments for conditions impacting the health and reproductive capacity of women and for the management of pregnancy and serious pregnancy complications.

Comparison of the rates of preterm birth and low birth weight of vanishing twin and primary pregnancies conceived with assisted reproductive technology

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-53
Author(s):  
Yongbing Guo ◽  
Yu Sun ◽  
Huixia Yang ◽  
Yang Xu ◽  
Qing Xue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Assisted Reproductive Technology ◽  
Birth Rate ◽  
Reproductive Technology ◽  
Foetal Growth ◽  
Foetal Growth Restriction ◽  
Peking University ◽  
Singleton Pregnancies

AbstractObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to compare the rate of preterm birth, low birth weight, and foetal growth restriction in assisted reproductive technology (ART) singleton pregnancies diagnosed with vanishing twin (VT) syndrome to those of ART pregnancies that were originally singleton pregnancies.MethodsIn this retrospective study, 177 pregnancies diagnosed with VT syndrome were matched and compared with 218 primary singleton pregnancies. The preterm birth and low birth weight rates of these two groups were evaluated. All pregnancies were conceived through ART and delivered at Peking University First Hospital and Hebei Xingtai Infertility Hospital from 2014 to 2016.ResultsThe preterm delivery rate (20.90 vs. 8.72%, p<0.05) was significantly higher in the ART singletons with VT syndrome than in the control singleton group. The proportion of low-birth-weight (<2500 g) infants was also higher in the VT group than in the primary singleton group (10.73 vs. 3.67%, p<0.05). In addition, the preterm birth rate of the naturally conceived singletons was significantly lower than that of the ART singletons (6.00 vs. 14.18%, p<0.05).ConclusionsART singleton pregnancies with VT syndrome have higher rates of preterm birth and low-birth-weight new-borns than ART pregnancies that were originally singleton pregnancies.

scholarly journals Quantifying Low Birth Weight, Preterm Birth and Small-for-Gestational-Age Effects of Malaria in Pregnancy: A Population Cohort Study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. e100247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcus J. Rijken ◽  
Alysha M. De Livera ◽  
Sue J. Lee ◽  
Machteld E. Boel ◽  
Suthatsana Rungwilailaekhiri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Small For Gestational Age ◽  
Age Effects ◽  
Malaria In Pregnancy ◽  
Population Cohort ◽  
In Pregnancy

scholarly journals Effects of Malaria in pregnancy on newborn anthropometry

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (07) ◽  
pp. 448-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Olufunke Falade ◽  
Olukemi O Tongo ◽  
Oluwatoyin O Ogunkunle ◽  
Adebola Emmanuel Orimadegun
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Placental Malaria ◽  
Care Facility ◽  
Malaria In Pregnancy ◽  
Intrauterine Death ◽  
Malaria Parasitaemia ◽  
Newborn Anthropometry ◽  
In Pregnancy

Background: Malaria in pregnancy remains a major cause of infant mortality through its contribution to preterm delivery, low birth weight and intrauterine death. Methodology: During a cross-sectional study of 983 mothers delivering in a secondary health care facility in Ibadan, southwestern Nigeria, an area of high malaria transmission, the effect of maternal and placental malaria parasitaemia on newborn anthropometry was evaluated. Malaria parasitemia was detected by microscopy of Giemsa stained thick blood smears. Results: Placental, maternal and combined placental and maternal malaria parasitaemia rates at the time of delivery were 13.1%, 12.7% and 11.1% respectively. The geometric mean parasite densities in maternal and placental smears were significantly higher in primigravid mothers than others (p = 0.004 and 0.002 respectively). Low birth weight rate was higher among babies born to mothers with maternal parasitaemia compared to those without (8.0 % versus 6.3%, p < 0.05). The mean birth weight was lower in neonates of mothers with peripheral and placental parasitaemia by 138 g and 122 g (p = 0.01 and 0.02) respectively, while the respective difference was up to 168 g and 151 g among primigravidae (p = 0.03 and 0.04). Neonates of mothers with maternal and placental parasitaemia had a lower mean length than those without parasitaemia (48.2 vs 49.2cm, p = < 0.0001 and 48.5 vs 49.2cm p = 0.02 respectively). Occiptofrontal circumference and ponderal indices were not significantly affected by maternal malaria parasitaemia. Conclusion: Malaria in pregnancy results in symmetric foetal growth restriction and the effect is more marked among primigravid mothers. 

THE EVIDENCE FOR LATE-ONSET PRE-ECLAMPSIA AS A MATERNOGENIC DISEASE OF PREGNANCY

2013 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
ENRICO FERRAZZI ◽  
TAMARA STAMPALIJA ◽  
JEAN EDGARD AUPONT
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Placental Insufficiency ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Foetal Growth ◽  
Foetal Growth Restriction ◽  
Biological Studies ◽  
Different Origin ◽  
In Pregnancy

It is our opinion that the evidence from epidemiological observations, clinical trials and biological studies is strong enough to support the view of different origin and phenotypes of pre-eclampsia: placental, which usually occurs (but not exclusively) early in pregnancy and is associated with poor early placentation of different severity with subsequent restriction of foetal growth, at different stages of gestation; and maternogenic, which generally occurs late in pregnancy and it is not related to placental insufficiency and foetal growth restriction.

scholarly journals Placental Plasmodium Parasitemia and Pregnancy Outcome In Asymptomatic Parturients at Term In A Tertiary Institution South East Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilson Ndukwe Nwigboji ◽  
John Okafor Egede ◽  
Peace Chinyere Igwe ◽  
Matthew Nwali Igwe ◽  
Gregory Chinedu Nwigwe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Pregnancy Outcome ◽  
Placental Malaria ◽  
Malaria In Pregnancy ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Maternal Anaemia ◽  
Congenital Malaria ◽  
In Pregnancy

Abstract Background: Malaria in pregnancy is a major public health problem in sub-Saharan Africa and can result in placental malaria with its associated adverse pregnancy outcomes.Method: This was a case control study involving 190 consenting, asymptomatic, booked parturients, recruited consecutively at 36 week. The aim was to determine the effect of placental malaria on pregnancy outcome in asymptomatic women delivering at term. The participants were screened for malaria parasites using peripheral blood film. Based on their results, the participants were grouped into parasitemia positive cases (Group 1) and parasitemia negative controls (Group 2). Both groups were then followed up in the clinic till they presented in labour at term. In labour, participants’ peripheral venous blood sample were collected and used to determine intrapartum haematocrit and peripheral parasitemia. After delivery, cord blood and a section of the placenta were collected for investigation. Data analysis: Collected data were analysed using Statistical Product and service solutions (SPSS) software (version 20). Numerical variables were presented as mean and standard deviation (Mean SD), while categorical variables were presented as numbers and percentages. Chi-square test(X2) was used to compare qualitative variables. Odds ratio (OR) and Confidence interval(CI) were used to observe the odds of outcomes. A p-value 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: The prevalence of placental malaria and congenital malaria were 41.05% and 29.47% respectively. Birth weight, APGAR score, NICU admission or congenital malaria were not statistically significant between the two groups. The mean birth weight was 3.16 ± 0.5 kg while 17.89% had low birth weight. There was also no significant difference between the two groups in terms of the association of placental parasitaemia and maternal anaemia or dose of IPT taken. There was no significant association between placental parasitaemia and low parity. Multivariate logistic regression analysis of maternal anaemia and low birth weight showed significant placental parasitaemia in both cases (p = 0.004). Conclusion: Placental parasitaemia is a major complication of malaria in pregnancy and is associated with adverse feto-maternal effects. Early booking and uptake of intermittent preventive therapy with sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine may help reduce the adverse effects.

scholarly journals The relationship between the weight of the placenta and birth weight of neonate in Konaseema area, east Godavari, Andhra Pradesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 06-09
Author(s):  
M Sudhakara Rao ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Andhra Pradesh ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Foetal Growth ◽  
Full Development ◽  
Foetal Growth Restriction ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Survival and growth of foetus is essentially dependent on formation, full development and function of the placenta. It is mirror which reflects the intrauterine status of the foetus. The aim of this study is to determine the well being of the baby in relation with the weight of placenta, the present study is to correlate the weight of the placenta with the weight of foetus. Reduction in placental weight and size has been associated with reduced foetal growth and also risk of foetal growth restriction.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document