Effects of Malaria in pregnancy on newborn anthropometry

Background: Malaria in pregnancy remains a major cause of infant mortality through its contribution to preterm delivery, low birth weight and intrauterine death. Methodology: During a cross-sectional study of 983 mothers delivering in a secondary health care facility in Ibadan, southwestern Nigeria, an area of high malaria transmission, the effect of maternal and placental malaria parasitaemia on newborn anthropometry was evaluated. Malaria parasitemia was detected by microscopy of Giemsa stained thick blood smears. Results: Placental, maternal and combined placental and maternal malaria parasitaemia rates at the time of delivery were 13.1%, 12.7% and 11.1% respectively. The geometric mean parasite densities in maternal and placental smears were significantly higher in primigravid mothers than others (p = 0.004 and 0.002 respectively). Low birth weight rate was higher among babies born to mothers with maternal parasitaemia compared to those without (8.0 % versus 6.3%, p < 0.05). The mean birth weight was lower in neonates of mothers with peripheral and placental parasitaemia by 138 g and 122 g (p = 0.01 and 0.02) respectively, while the respective difference was up to 168 g and 151 g among primigravidae (p = 0.03 and 0.04). Neonates of mothers with maternal and placental parasitaemia had a lower mean length than those without parasitaemia (48.2 vs 49.2cm, p = < 0.0001 and 48.5 vs 49.2cm p = 0.02 respectively). Occiptofrontal circumference and ponderal indices were not significantly affected by maternal malaria parasitaemia. Conclusion: Malaria in pregnancy results in symmetric foetal growth restriction and the effect is more marked among primigravid mothers.

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Placental Plasmodium Parasitemia and Pregnancy Outcome In Asymptomatic Parturients at Term In A Tertiary Institution South East Nigeria

10.21203/rs.3.rs-864681/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Wilson Ndukwe Nwigboji ◽

John Okafor Egede ◽

Peace Chinyere Igwe ◽

Matthew Nwali Igwe ◽

Gregory Chinedu Nwigwe ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Pregnancy Outcome ◽

Placental Malaria ◽

Malaria In Pregnancy ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Categorical Variables ◽

Maternal Anaemia ◽

Congenital Malaria ◽

In Pregnancy

Abstract Background: Malaria in pregnancy is a major public health problem in sub-Saharan Africa and can result in placental malaria with its associated adverse pregnancy outcomes.Method: This was a case control study involving 190 consenting, asymptomatic, booked parturients, recruited consecutively at 36 week. The aim was to determine the effect of placental malaria on pregnancy outcome in asymptomatic women delivering at term. The participants were screened for malaria parasites using peripheral blood film. Based on their results, the participants were grouped into parasitemia positive cases (Group 1) and parasitemia negative controls (Group 2). Both groups were then followed up in the clinic till they presented in labour at term. In labour, participants’ peripheral venous blood sample were collected and used to determine intrapartum haematocrit and peripheral parasitemia. After delivery, cord blood and a section of the placenta were collected for investigation. Data analysis: Collected data were analysed using Statistical Product and service solutions (SPSS) software (version 20). Numerical variables were presented as mean and standard deviation (Mean SD), while categorical variables were presented as numbers and percentages. Chi-square test(X2) was used to compare qualitative variables. Odds ratio (OR) and Confidence interval(CI) were used to observe the odds of outcomes. A p-value 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: The prevalence of placental malaria and congenital malaria were 41.05% and 29.47% respectively. Birth weight, APGAR score, NICU admission or congenital malaria were not statistically significant between the two groups. The mean birth weight was 3.16 ± 0.5 kg while 17.89% had low birth weight. There was also no significant difference between the two groups in terms of the association of placental parasitaemia and maternal anaemia or dose of IPT taken. There was no significant association between placental parasitaemia and low parity. Multivariate logistic regression analysis of maternal anaemia and low birth weight showed significant placental parasitaemia in both cases (p = 0.004). Conclusion: Placental parasitaemia is a major complication of malaria in pregnancy and is associated with adverse feto-maternal effects. Early booking and uptake of intermittent preventive therapy with sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine may help reduce the adverse effects.

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Placental malarial parasitaemia and pregnancy outcome among parturients in a tertiary hospital in South- South Nigeria

Asian Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.3126/ajms.v6i6.12401 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 6 (6) ◽

pp. 53-59

Author(s):

Godwin J Ibanga ◽

Aniekan M Abasiattai ◽

Emem A Bassey ◽

Michael Ukpe ◽

Olujimi A Olatunbosun ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Pregnancy Outcomes ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Placental Malaria ◽

Malaria In Pregnancy ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Adverse Pregnancy ◽

In Pregnancy

Background: Malaria is the most common human parasitic disease and continues to be a complex and overwhelming global health problem, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. Placental malaria, one of the major features of malaria in pregnancy has been associated with serious adverse health consequences to both the mother and her fetus. Objective: This study sought to determine the prevalence of maternal, cord, and placental malarial parasitaemia at parturition, the association between maternal and placental parasitaemia, and also the association between placental parasitaemia and pregnancy outcomes. Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional design was used to study 330 pregnant women selected by the systematic random sampling technique as they presented in the labour ward of University of Uyo Teaching Hospital, Uyo between April, 2012 and September, 2012. Pre-delivery, maternal peripheral blood was taken for malaria parasite (MP) and packed cell volume (PCV). Post delivery, cord blood was taken for MP and PCV estimation while placental blood was examined for MP. Neonatal demographic and clinical characteristics were also obtained. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 17. Level of statistical significance was set at P less than 0.05 (P < 0.05). Results: The mean age of the respondents was 28.8 ± 4.4 years. The prevalence of maternal, cord, and placental parasitaemia were 30.3%, 14.8% and 18.2% respectively. There was a strong correlation between maternal parasitaemia and placental parasitaemia (rho = 0.75, P< 0.001). Also, a significant linear association between cord parasitaemia and placental malaria (rho = 0.87, p< 0.001) was found. Placental malaria predisposed to low birth weight (OR 1.01{95%CI 1.001 – 1.02}, p = 0.04) and fetal anaemia (OR 1.02{95%CI 1.01 – 1.03}, p < 0.001. Conclusion: There is a relatively high prevalence of placental parasitaemia at parturition. Placental malaria is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes such as low birth weight, fetal anaemia and cord parasitaemia. Proven strategies to prevent malaria in pregnancy such as use of ITNs and IPT and free antenatal care should be intensified to curb this deadly but preventable disease.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v6i6.12401Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.6(6) 2015 53-59

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Effects of anemia on pregnancy outcomes at Manipal Teaching Hospital

Birat Journal of Health Sciences ◽

10.3126/bjhs.v5i3.33698 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 1201-1205

Author(s):

Vibha Mahato ◽

Pravin Shrestha

Keyword(s):

Intensive Care ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Teaching Hospital ◽

Pregnancy Outcomes ◽

World Health ◽

Intrauterine Death ◽

Intrauterine Growth ◽

Anemia In Pregnancy ◽

In Pregnancy

Introduction: Anemia is one of the most common disorders affecting the pregnant women in the developing countries like Nepal. Anemia during pregnancy is commonly associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. Identifying anemia in pregnancy and knowing its common complications will help improve maternal quality care. Objectives: The objective - was to assess the effects of anemia on pregnancy outcome at Manipal Teaching Hospital Methodology: This cross sectional study was conducted in Manipal Teaching Hospital from September 2019 to April 2020. A total of 200 anemic pregnantladies attending obstetrics Out Patient Department were selected.Hemoglobinlevel was taken as criteria for deciding anemia and to classify severity of anemia.Anemia in pregnancy is defined by World Health Organization as hemoglobin level less than 11 gm/dl, and hemoglobin concentration of 10–10.9 g/dl, 7–9.9 g/dl, and <7 g/ dl was considered as mild, moderate, and severe anemia, respectively . All were treated depending on severity of anemia and followed up for maternal and perinatal outcome.Data was collected in Microsoft Excel and analyzed by using SPSS version 16. Result: We found moderate anemia in 129 (64.5%) cases followed by mild in 61(30.5%) and severe in 10(5%) cases. Common maternal complications in anemic patients werepremature rupture of membranein 30 (15%) cases and Urinary Tract Infection in 30(15%) cases.During puerperiumPostpartum Hemorrhage was observed in 12(6%) and wound infection in 9 (4.5%) cases of anemic patient. High incidence of adverse fetal outcome in the form of preterm in 39 (19.5%), Intrauterine growth restrictionin 23(11.5%), Intensive Care Unitadmission in28(14%),low birth weight in41(20.5%) and Intrauterine Death in4(2%) cases of anemic patients were seen. Conclusion: Maternal infection and adverse perinatal outcome in form of intrauterine growth restriction, Intensive Care Unitadmission, low birth weight and perinatal death were significantly associated with anemia in pregnancy.

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New approaches to pathogenesis of malaria in pregnancy

Parasitology ◽

10.1017/s003118200700011x ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 134 (13) ◽

pp. 1883-1893 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

S. J. ROGERSON ◽

P. BOEUF

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Growth Restriction ◽

Malaria In Pregnancy ◽

Future Research ◽

Foetal Growth ◽

Dimensional Interaction ◽

Foetal Growth Restriction ◽

Consequences Of Disease ◽

In Pregnancy

SUMMARYMalaria infection during pregnancy is associated with poor maternal and foetal outcomes including low birth weight. In malaria-endemic areas, low birth weight is primarily a consequence of foetal growth restriction. Little is known on the pathogenesis of foetal growth restriction and our understanding of the relationship between epidemiological observations and the pathogenesis or consequences of disease is incomplete. In this review, we describe these gaps in our knowledge and also try to identify goals for future research into malaria in pregnancy. Foetal growth restriction results from a complex four-dimensional interaction between the foetus, the mother and the malaria parasite over gestation, and research into its pathogenesis may be advanced by combining longitudinal studies with techniques and approaches new to the field of malaria in pregnancy. Such approaches would greatly increase our knowledge on the pathogenesis of this disease and may provide new avenues for intervention strategies.

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Intermittent preventive treatment of malaria in pregnancy: a community-based delivery system and its effect on parasitemia, anemia and low birth weight in Uganda

International Journal of Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1016/j.ijid.2006.10.008 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 22-29 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Anthony K. Mbonye ◽

Ib Bygbjerg ◽

Pascal Magnussen

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Delivery System ◽

Intermittent Preventive Treatment ◽

Preventive Treatment ◽

Malaria In Pregnancy ◽

Community Based ◽

In Pregnancy

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Quantifying Low Birth Weight, Preterm Birth and Small-for-Gestational-Age Effects of Malaria in Pregnancy: A Population Cohort Study

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0100247 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 9 (7) ◽

pp. e100247 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Marcus J. Rijken ◽

Alysha M. De Livera ◽

Sue J. Lee ◽

Machteld E. Boel ◽

Suthatsana Rungwilailaekhiri ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Preterm Birth ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Small For Gestational Age ◽

Age Effects ◽

Malaria In Pregnancy ◽

Population Cohort ◽

In Pregnancy

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Impact of Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine Resistance on Effectiveness of Intermittent Preventive Therapy for Malaria in Pregnancy at Clearing Infections and Preventing Low Birth Weight

Clinical Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/cid/civ881 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 62 (3) ◽

pp. 323-333 ◽

Cited By ~ 61

Author(s):

Meghna Desai ◽

Julie Gutman ◽

Steve M. Taylor ◽

Ryan E. Wiegand ◽

Carole Khairallah ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Preventive Therapy ◽

Malaria In Pregnancy ◽

In Pregnancy

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Severe anemia and adverse pregnancy outcome in a tertiary care hospital in North India

International Journal of Reproduction Contraception Obstetrics and Gynecology ◽

10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20180159 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 483

Author(s):

Premlata Yadav

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Peripheral Blood ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Significant Risk ◽

North India ◽

Deficiency Anemia ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Severe Anemia ◽

In Pregnancy

Background: Anaemia is commonest medical disorder in pregnancy with 88% prevalence in India mainly due to ignorance, poverty and gender bias. 40-60% of maternal deaths in developing countries. According to the recent standard laid down by WHO anemia is present when the hemoglobin (Hb) concentration in the peripheral blood is less than 11 gm/dl. The most common cause of anemia in pregnancy is iron deficiency. Anemia is diagnosed by estimating the hemoglobin concentration and examining a peripheral blood smear for the characteristic red blood cell changes. The aim of the study was to determine the association between severe anemia, maternal and perinatal complications.Methods: Case control study was done in department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences Ranchi, India from February 2016 to July 2016. 100 pregnant women, admitted for delivery and having severe anemia were studied and compared with 100 non-anaemic women of similar demographic features. Maternal and perinatal complications were observed. Pearson, chi-square and Fischer exact tests were used to calculate significance of results.Results: Of the severely anaemic mothers, 36% babies were low birth weight (p=0.042) and 20% were small for gestational age (p = 0.026), as compared to 18% and 10% of controls, respectively.Conclusions: Severe maternal anemia carries significant risk of hemorrhage and infection in the mother. It is also associated with preterm birth, low birth weight.

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