Immuno-enzymatic evaluation of the recombinant TSSA-II protein ofTrypanosoma cruziin dogs and human sera: a tool for epidemiological studies

Parasitology ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 138 (8) ◽  
pp. 995-1002 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. O. CIMINO ◽  
M. MONJE RUMI ◽  
P. RAGONE ◽  
J. LAUTHIER ◽  
A. ALBERTI D'AMATO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Area Under Curve ◽  
High Performance ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Kappa Index ◽  
Small Surface ◽  
Epidemiological Surveys ◽  
Human Sera

SUMMARYThe rTSSA-II (recombinant Trypomastigote Small Surface II) antigen was evaluated by ELISA to detect anti-Trypanosoma cruziantibodies in sera from naturally infected dogs and humans. For this evaluation ELISA-rTSSA-II was standardized and groups were classified according to the results obtained through xenodiagnosis, ELISA and PCR. Sensitivity (Se), Specificity (Sp), Kappa index (KI) and area under curve (AUC) were determined. The Se was determined by using 14 sera from dogs infected withT. cruziVI (TcVI) whereas Sp was determined by using 95 non-chagasic sera by xenodiagnosis, ELISA-Homogenate and PCR. The performance of ELISA-rTSSA-II in dog sera was high (AUC=0·93 and KI=0·91). The Se was 92·85% (1 false negative) and Sp was 100%. Two sera from dogs infected with TcI and 1 with TcIII were negative. For patients infected withT. cruzi, reactivity was 87·8% (36/41), there was only 1 indeterminate, and Sp was 100%. Fifty-four sera from non-chagasic and 68 sera from patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis did not react with rTSS-II. ELISA-rTSSA-II showed a high performance when studying sera from naturally infected dogs and it also presented 100% Sp. This assay could be an important tool to carry out sero-epidemiological surveys on the prevalence ofT. cruzicirculating lineages in the region.

scholarly journals Determination of amino acids in human biological fluids by high-performance liquid chromatography: critical review

Amino Acids ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grażyna Gałęzowska ◽  
Joanna Ratajczyk ◽  
Lidia Wolska
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Hplc Analysis ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Preparation Conditions

AbstractThe quantitation and qualification of amino acids are most commonly used in clinical and epidemiological studies, and provide an excellent way of monitoring compounds in human fluids which have not been monitored previously, to prevent some diseases. Because of this, it is not surprising that scientific interest in evaluating these compounds has resurfaced in recent years and has precipitated the development of a multitude of new analytical techniques. This review considers recent developments in HPLC analytics on the basis of publications from the last few years. It helps to update and systematize knowledge in this area. Particular attention is paid to the progress of analytical methods, pointing out the advantages and drawbacks of the various techniques used for the preparation, separation and determination of amino acids. Depending on the type of sample, the preparation conditions for HPLC analysis change. For this reason, the review has focused on three types of samples, namely urine, blood and cerebrospinal fluid. Despite time-consuming sample preparation before HPLC analysis, an additional derivatization technique should be used, depending on the detection technique used. There are proposals for columns that are specially modified for amino acid separation without derivatization, but the limit of detection of the substance is less beneficial. In view of the fact that amino acid analyses have been performed for years and new solutions may generate increased costs, it may turn out that older proposals are much more advantageous.

scholarly journals Uninterruptible Power Supply Improves Precision and External Validity of Telomere Length Measurement via qPCR

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Waylon J. Hastings ◽  
Dan T.A. Eisenberg ◽  
Idan Shalev
Keyword(s):  
Telomere Length ◽  
Power Supply ◽  
External Validity ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Amplification Efficiency ◽  
Uninterruptible Power Supply ◽  
Uninterruptible Power ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Technical challenges associated with telomere length (TL) measurements have prompted concerns regarding their utility as a biomarker of aging. Several factors influence TL assessment via qPCR, the most common measurement method in epidemiological studies, including storage conditions and DNA extraction method. Here, we tested the impact of power supply during the qPCR assay. Momentary fluctuations in power can affect the functioning of high-performance electronics, including real-time thermocyclers. We investigated if mitigating these fluctuations by using an uninterruptible power supply (UPS) influenced TL assessment via qPCR. Samples run with a UPS had significantly lower standard deviation (p < 0.001) and coefficient of variation (p < 0.001) across technical replicates than those run without a UPS. UPS usage also improved exponential amplification efficiency at the replicate, sample, and plate levels. Together these improvements translated to increased performance across metrics of external validity including correlation with age, within-person correlation across tissues, and correlation between parents and offspring.

Recognition of an immunogenetically selected Trypanosoma cruzi antigen by seropositive chagasic human sera

Acta Tropica ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 63 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 159-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Carlos Aguillón ◽  
Robert Harris ◽  
Marı́a Carmen Molina ◽  
Alicia Colombo ◽  
Claudio Cortés ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Human Sera

The activity against Trypanosoma cruzi and cutaneous leishmaniasis, and toxicity, of moxipraquine (349C59)

1980 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Beveridge ◽  
I.C. Caldwell ◽  
Victoria S. Latter ◽  
R.A. Neal ◽  
Vernon Udall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis

scholarly journals Epidemiological studies on cutaneous leishmaniasis in Ad- Dawadimi District, Saudi Arabia

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 2709
Author(s):  
Abdullah D. Alanazi ◽  
Mohamed S. Alyousif ◽  
Muheet A. Saifi ◽  
Ibrahim O. Alanazi
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Epidemiological Studies

scholarly journals Discussing the Efficacy and Safety of Covid-19 Vaccine Available in India- A Mini Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 330-343
Author(s):  
Yogendra Shrestha ◽  
◽  
Jeet Bahadur Moktan ◽  
Renukaradhya Chitti ◽  
Shiv Kumar Yadav ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Emergency Situation ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Government ◽  
Restricted Use

Background: Many variants detected after Wuhan-Hu-1 reference which were able to develop the resistance against the neutralizing antibodies induced by vaccine and may cause false negative results in diagnostic test. Novel variant B1.617 was detected in India and the Covid-19 cases hiked to its maximum; forcing the government towards approving a new vaccine for restricted use in emergency situation to cover a maximum population. Aims: This review looks at the efficacy, safety, and economical aspects of vaccines that have been authorized in India. Materials and methods: Wide-ranging assessment and analysis of accessible resources on online database. Results: The rAd26-s & rAd5-s demonstrate high efficacy as well as safety, followed by BBV152 and AZD1222. Various combinations of the vaccines with different platforms or vectors may induce wide range of immunity than a specific one. As per economical aspect, AZD1222 is more economical than the other two currently approved in India. Conclusion: There is a lack of clear end point to measure efficacy of the vaccine so the epidemiological studies with huge number of populations is required which may predict the perfect endpoint for efficacy measurement. Until then, inoculation with locally accessible vaccines and self-awareness about disease transmission prevention are the main options for reducing fatalities, protecting the health-care system, and eventually disease control.

scholarly journals THE STUDY OF ANTHOCYANINS OF CORN WITH DARK GRAIN

2020 ◽  
pp. 73-80
Author(s):  
Leyla Sadraddin kyzy Valiyeva ◽  
Viktor Ivanovich Deyneka ◽  
Yelena Yur'yevna Oleynits ◽  
Gul'shan Kagraman kyzy Rahimova ◽  
Natiga Asker kyzy Nabieva
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Reverse Phase Hplc ◽  
Reverse Phase ◽  
Oncological Diseases ◽  
Therapeutic Properties ◽  
Vegetables And Fruits ◽  
Corn Grains

In corn grains, anthocyanins pigments accumulate – belonging to the class of flavanoids, products of the secondary metabolism of plants and which are low molecular weight antioxidants. Numerous epidemiological studies have shown that the use of foods rich in anthocyanins leads to a significant reduction in diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular and oncological diseases. Compared to an equal amount of vegetables and fruits containing anthocyanins, more of them are present in the grain in bound form. Participating in the metabolism in the lower parts of the gastrointestinal tract, they have a beneficial effect on maintaining health. To analyze the total content and determine the composition of anthocyanins in grains of 21 samples of corn from the collection of the National Gene Bank of Azerbaijan, in order to identify promising samples in breeding to increase the content of anthocyanins, we used the method of high-performance liquid chromatography with reverse phase (HPLC) with spectrophotometric and mass spectrometric detection. The grains of the test samples identified mainly cyanidin-3-glucoside and pelargonidin-3-glucoside, as well as the isomeric products of their mono- and diacylation with malonic acid. Pelargonidin-3-glucoside derivatives prevailed in the grain extracts of some of the samples studied. Corn samples were selected as starting material for further breeding work to create local forms of corn with improved nutritional and therapeutic properties.

Evaluation of an enzymatic immunohistochemical technique in human trichinellosis

1997 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 299-304
Author(s):  
G.J.M. Ben ◽  
S.L. Malmassari ◽  
G.G. Nuñez ◽  
S.N. Costantino ◽  
S.M. Venturiello
Keyword(s):  
Trichinella Spiralis ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Macromolecular Complex ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Assay Sensitivity ◽  
Immunohistochemical Technique ◽  
Cross Reactions ◽  
Epidemiological Surveys ◽  
Human Trichinellosis

AbstractA comparative study was undertaken between an enzymatic immunohistochemical technique (EIT) developed for the diagnosis of human trichinellosis and the indirect immunofluorescence test (IIF), analysing sera from outbreaks of human trichinellosis in Argentina. The HIT was developed using a biotinylated anti-human gammaglobulin and a preformed macromolecular complex of avidin and biotinylated peroxidase. In both tests, the antigen used consisted of infected rat tissue sections containing muscle larval cysts of Trichinella spiralis. Results showed that the HIT closely correlated with IIP and also allowed diagnosis at an early stage of infection, thus helping to provide effective treatment for the disease. When the test was performed on sera from healthy individuals and those with other parasitic infections, cross-reactions were observed only with sera from patients with toxocariasis (1/8), Chagas' disease (3/17) and four out of 100 healthy individuals. No cross-reactions were observed with sera from patients with toxoplasmosis (0/7) or hydatidosis (0/8). Assay sensitivity was 100% and its specificity 93%. Since it renders no false negative results, BIT is an effective screening tool for detecting infection and should prove to be an important diagnostic technique for trichinellosis in rural areas and for epidemiological surveys.

Validation of the Epidemiological Dementia Index in Geriatric Outpatients

2000 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantions N. Fountoulakis ◽  
Magda Tsolaki ◽  
Helias Paulopoulos ◽  
Aristides Kazis
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Clinical Population ◽  
Cronbach’S Alpha ◽  
Cronbach's Alpha ◽  
Epidemiological Surveys ◽  
Dsm Iv

The aim of the current study was to test the properties of a scale especially developed for use in epidemiological surveys in low sociocultural populations, and to determine whether this scale can be used in a clinical population. Material and Methods: Two hundred fifty subjects took part; 150 were controls and 100 had dementia of various types according to DSM-IV and NINCDS-ADRDA criteria. Results: Cronbach's alpha was equal to .78. In the group of people under 75 years old, sensitivity did not exceed 90%. Specificity was over 90% at the level 4/5. The respective scores for the group of people over 74 were 6/7 and 3/4. Discussion: The Epidemiological Dementia Index seems to be less powerful when used in a clinical population. This provides further evidence that it is not suitable to use the same instruments in both epidemiological studies and clinical practice.

scholarly journals PO 8505 LEISHMANIASIS IN ANGOLA – AN EMERGING DISEASE?

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (Suppl 3) ◽  
pp. A47.3-A48
Author(s):  
Sofia Cortes ◽  
André Pereira ◽  
Jocelyne Vasconcelos ◽  
Joana P Paixão ◽  
Joltim Quivinja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Neglected Tropical Diseases ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Vector Borne Disease ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
African Patient ◽  
Control Programmes ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
The Impact

BackgroundPoverty, lack of resources, inadequate treatments and control programmes exacerbate the impact of infectious diseases in the developing world. Leishmaniasis is a vector-borne disease that is among the ten major neglected tropical diseases. Although endemic in more than 90 countries, the ones most affected, representing over 90% of new cases, are Bangladesh, Brazil, Ethiopia, India, Kenya, Nepal, and Sudan. In Africa south of the equator, the impact of leishmaniasis is much lower. In several countries, like Angola, little is known about this infectious neglected disease. In the 1970s, a group of Portuguese researchers described three cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis in children from Huambo district and in the 1990s visceral leishmaniasis was diagnosed in an African patient. More recently a canine survey in Luanda revealed two Leishmania-infected dogs.After some suspected cases of human cutaneous leishmaniasis in Huambo region in 2017, the Angola health authorities and the Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical (IHMT), Lisbon, Portugal, established a collaboration to analyse samples from some suspected cases.MethodsThree paraffin-embedded human skin samples from dermatological lesions were sent to IHMT for molecular analysis. After DNA extraction, PCR was performed by using four protocols with different molecular markers.ResultsOne PCR protocol using a nested approach was positive in two of the samples. Sequencing analysis confirmed Leishmania sp. DNA.ConclusionThis was the first time that suspected human cutaneous samples were screened for leishmaniasis by molecular methods with detection of Leishmania sp. DNA. These preliminary studies highlight the need for higher awareness of health professionals for leishmaniasis clinical forms, to recognise risk factors and the epidemiological features of leishmaniasis in the Huambo province. It would be relevant to perform further epidemiological studies to confirm if this vector-borne disease could be emergent in this country.

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