scholarly journals Functional study of a genetic marker allele associated with resistance to Ascaris suum in pigs

Parasitology ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 141 (6) ◽  
pp. 777-787 ◽  
Author(s):  
PER SKALLERUP ◽  
STIG M. THAMSBORG ◽  
CLAUS B. JØRGENSEN ◽  
HEIDI L. ENEMARK ◽  
AYAKO YOSHIDA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Marker ◽  
Worm Burden ◽  
Ascaris Suum ◽  
Functional Study ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Chromosome 4 ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Marker Allele ◽  
Trait Locus ◽  
Antibody Levels

SUMMARYTwo single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP TXNIP and SNP ARNT), both on chromosome 4, have been reported to be associated with roundworm (Ascaris suum) burden in pigs. In the present study, we selected pigs with two SNP TXNIP genotypes (AA; n = 24 and AB; n = 24), trickle-infected them with A. suum from 8 weeks of age until necropsy 8 weeks later, and tested the hypothesis that pigs with the AA genotype would have higher levels of resistance than pigs of AB genotype. We used different indicators of resistance (worm burden, fecal egg counts (FEC), number of liver white spots and A. suum-specific serum IgG antibody levels). Pigs of the AA genotype had lower mean macroscopic worm burden (2·4 vs 19·3; P = 0·06), lower mean total worm burden (26·5 vs 70·1; P = 0·09) and excreted fewer A. suum eggs at week 8 PI (mean number of eggs/g feces: 238 vs 1259; P = 0·14) than pigs of the AB genotype, as expected based on prior associations. The pigs were also genotyped at another locus (SNP ARNT) which showed a similar trend. This study provides suggestive evidence that resistant pigs may be selected using a genetic marker, TXNIP, and provides further support to the quantitative trait locus on chromosome 4.

scholarly journals Structural Insight into CVB3-VLP Non-Adjuvanted Vaccine

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1287
Author(s):  
Minna M. Hankaniemi ◽  
Mo A. Baikoghli ◽  
Virginia M. Stone ◽  
Li Xing ◽  
Outi Väätäinen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Purification Method ◽  
Microscopy Imaging ◽  
Single Particle Reconstruction ◽  
Enhanced Production ◽  
Chronic Myocarditis ◽  
Flow Filtration ◽  
Antibody Levels

Coxsackievirus B (CVB) enteroviruses are common pathogens that can cause acute and chronic myocarditis, dilated cardiomyopathy, aseptic meningitis, and they are hypothesized to be a causal factor in type 1 diabetes. The licensed enterovirus vaccines and those currently in clinical development are traditional inactivated or live attenuated vaccines. Even though these vaccines work well in the prevention of enterovirus diseases, new vaccine technologies, like virus-like particles (VLPs), can offer important advantages in the manufacturing and epitope engineering. We have previously produced VLPs for CVB3 and CVB1 in insect cells. Here, we describe the production of CVB3-VLPs with enhanced production yield and purity using an improved purification method consisting of tangential flow filtration and ion exchange chromatography, which is compatible with industrial scale production. We also resolved the CVB3-VLP structure by Cryo-Electron Microscopy imaging and single particle reconstruction. The VLP diameter is 30.9 nm on average, and it is similar to Coxsackievirus A VLPs and the expanded enterovirus cell-entry intermediate (the 135s particle), which is ~2 nm larger than the mature virion. High neutralizing and total IgG antibody levels, the latter being a predominantly Th2 type (IgG1) phenotype, were detected in C57BL/6J mice immunized with non-adjuvanted CVB3-VLP vaccine. The structural and immunogenic data presented here indicate the potential of this improved methodology to produce highly immunogenic enterovirus VLP-vaccines in the future.

scholarly journals Transcriptomic profiling of wheat near-isogenic lines reveals candidate genes on chromosome 3A for pre-harvest sprouting resistance

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xingyi Wang ◽  
Hui Liu ◽  
Kadambot H. M. Siddique ◽  
Guijun Yan
Keyword(s):  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Quantitative Trait ◽  
Genomic Region ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Near Isogenic Lines ◽  
Gene Effects ◽  
Isogenic Lines ◽  
Trait Locus ◽  
Grain Yield And Quality ◽  
Sprouting Resistance

Abstract Background Pre-harvest sprouting (PHS) in wheat can cause severe damage to both grain yield and quality. Resistance to PHS is a quantitative trait controlled by many genes located across all 21 wheat chromosomes. The study targeted a large-effect quantitative trait locus (QTL) QPhs.ccsu-3A.1 for PHS resistance using several sets previously developed near-isogenic lines (NILs). Two pairs of NILs with highly significant phenotypic differences between the isolines were examined by RNA sequencing for their transcriptomic profiles on developing seeds at 15, 25 and 35 days after pollination (DAP) to identify candidate genes underlying the QTL and elucidate gene effects on PHS resistance. At each DAP, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the isolines were investigated. Results Gene ontology and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses of key DEGs suggested that six candidate genes underlie QPhs.ccsu-3A.1 responsible for PHS resistance in wheat. Candidate gene expression was further validated by quantitative RT-PCR. Within the targeted QTL interval, 16 genetic variants including five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 11 indels showed consistent polymorphism between resistant and susceptible isolines. Conclusions The targeted QTL is confirmed to harbor core genes related to hormone signaling pathways that can be exploited as a key genomic region for marker-assisted selection. The candidate genes and SNP/indel markers detected in this study are valuable resources for understanding the mechanism of PHS resistance and for marker-assisted breeding of the trait in wheat.

scholarly journals Identification of a Cis-Acting Regulatory Polymorphism in a Eucalypt COBRA-Like Gene Affecting Cellulose Content

Genetics ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 183 (3) ◽  
pp. 1153-1164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bala R. Thumma ◽  
Bronwyn A. Matheson ◽  
Deqiang Zhang ◽  
Christian Meeske ◽  
Roger Meder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Traits ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Allelic Expression ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Cis Acting ◽  
Functional Polymorphisms ◽  
Functional Variants ◽  
Regulatory Polymorphism ◽  
Trait Locus

Populations with low linkage disequilibrium (LD) offer unique opportunities to study functional variants influencing quantitative traits. We exploited the low LD in forest trees to identify functional polymorphisms in a Eucalyptus nitens COBRA-like gene (EniCOBL4A), whose Arabidopsis homolog has been implicated in cellulose deposition. Linkage analysis in a full-sib family revealed that EniCOBL4A is the most strongly associated marker in a quantitative trait locus (QTL) region for cellulose content. Analysis of LD by genotyping 11 common single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and a simple sequence repeat (SSR) in an association population revealed that LD declines within the length of the gene. Using association studies we fine mapped the effect of the gene to SNP7, a synonymous SNP in exon 5, which occurs between two small haplotype blocks. We observed patterns of allelic expression imbalance (AEI) and differential binding of nuclear proteins to the SNP7 region that indicate that SNP7 is a cis-acting regulatory polymorphism affecting allelic expression. We also observed AEI in SNP7 heterozygotes in a full-sib family that is linked to heritable allele-specific methylation near SNP7. This study demonstrates the potential to reveal functional polymorphisms underlying quantitative traits in low LD populations.

Immunization efficacy of ozone-exposed cercariae against subsequent Schistosoma mansoni challenge infection

2011 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 289-301
Author(s):  
Azza H. Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Worm Burden ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Challenge Infection ◽  
Total Leukocyte Count ◽  
Post Challenge ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Infected Control

AbstractCD1 mice were immunized subcutaneously with 20 ozone-exposed (70μg/ml, 1 minute exposure) Schistosoma mansoni cercariae weekly/three weeks. The efficacy of immunization was assessed 10 weeks post challenge infection by the determination of the worm burden, ova count, oogram, granuloma diameter, IgG reactions against soluble egg antigen (SEA) and tegument structural changes of recovered worms that are immunized. A reduced worm length and a reduction in worm burden were observed in the immunized group as compared to the infected not immunized group. Moreover, no ova were found in liver and intestine from the immunized mice as compared with infected control mice. Also, immunization with ozonated cercariae showed a decrement in the mean relative weight of liver and spleen. Total leukocyte count was increased in the immunized animal as compared to the infected control. The level of total IgG antibody against SEA decreased in immunized mice as compared with the infected control mice. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of worms recovered 10 weeks post challenge from the immunized group revealed extensive tegumental destruction. This study underlines the significant role of ozone attenuated cercariae vaccine against S. mansoni infection, which generated specific immunity with a significant level of protection.

Association ofEMCNwith Susceptibility to Rheumatoid Arthritis in a Japanese Population

2010 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
KAZUMASA NISHIMOTO ◽  
KATSUNORI IKARI ◽  
HIROTAKA KANEKO ◽  
SO TSUKAHARA ◽  
YUTA KOCHI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Functional Study ◽  
Positive Staining ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Nuclear Factors ◽  
Validation Set ◽  
Synovial Tissues ◽  
Stratified Analysis

Objective.Endomucin, an endothelial-specific sialomucin, is thought to facilitate “lymphocyte homing” to synovial tissues, resulting in the major histopathologies of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We examined the association between RA susceptibility and the gene coding endomucin,EMCN.Methods.Association studies were conducted with 2 DNA sample sets (initial set of 1504 patients, 752 controls; and validation set, 1113 patients, 940 controls) using 6 tag single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) from the Japanese HapMap database. Immunohistochemistry for the expression of endomucin was conducted with synovial tissues from 4 patients with RA during total knee arthroplasty. Electromobility shift assays were performed for the functional study of identified polymorphisms.Results.Within the initial sample set, the strongest evidence of an association with RA susceptibility was SNP rs3775369 (OR 1.20, p = 0.0075). While the subsequent replication study did not initially confirm the observed significant association (OR 1.13, p = 0.062), an in-depth stratified analysis revealed significant association in patients testing positive to anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP) antibody in the replication data set (OR 1.15, p = 0.044). Investigating 2 sample sets, significant associations were detected in overall and stratified samples with anti-CCP antibody status (OR 1.17, p = 0.0015). Positive staining for endomucin was detected in all patients. The allele associated with RA susceptibility had a higher binding affinity for HEK298-derived nuclear factors compared to the nonsusceptible allelic variant of rs3775369.Conclusion.A significant association betweenEMCNand RA susceptibility was detected in our Japanese study population. TheEMCNallele conferring RA susceptibility may also contribute to the pathogenesis of RA.

Measurement of Specific IgG Antibody Levels in Serum of Patients on Regimes Comprising High Total Dose Beta-Lactam Therapy

1986 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 344-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Lee ◽  
Janet M. Dewdney ◽  
R.G. Edwards ◽  
K.A. Neftel ◽  
M. Wälti
Keyword(s):  
Total Dose ◽  
Beta Lactam ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Specific Igg ◽  
Antibody Levels ◽  
High Total Dose

Identification of a quantitative trait locus on rat chromosome 4 that is strongly linked to femoral neck structure and strength

Bone ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Alam ◽  
Q. Sun ◽  
L. Liu ◽  
D.L. Koller ◽  
T. Fishburn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Trait Locus ◽  
Femoral Neck ◽  
Quantitative Trait ◽  
Chromosome 4 ◽  
Trait Locus

scholarly journals Antibody level of New Zealand children immunized with the triple vaccine DTP (diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis)

1988 ◽  
Vol 101 (2) ◽  
pp. 405-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. H Lau
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Antibody Level ◽  
Herd Immunity ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Immunization Strategy ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Antibody Levels

SUMMARYEnzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) tests were used to measure IgG antibody levels in 2638 New Zealand children who had been immunized with the triple vaccine DTP. The percentage of children immune to diphtheria decreased with age. The percentage of children immune to tetanus varied from 67.1 to 55.0%. The percentage of children with measurable antibody to pertussis increased with age. The mean percentages of children with measurable antibody or immunity to one or more DTP components were 34.2% (with 3 components), 34.4% (2 components), and 78.1% (1 component). It appears the immunization strategy for diphtheria and tetanus is satisfactory for herd immunity in New Zealand children. However, the current pertussis strategy may not be providing adequate immunity to 5-year-olds in this country.

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