scholarly journals Structural Insight into CVB3-VLP Non-Adjuvanted Vaccine

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1287
Author(s):  
Minna M. Hankaniemi ◽  
Mo A. Baikoghli ◽  
Virginia M. Stone ◽  
Li Xing ◽  
Outi Väätäinen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Purification Method ◽  
Microscopy Imaging ◽  
Single Particle Reconstruction ◽  
Enhanced Production ◽  
Chronic Myocarditis ◽  
Flow Filtration ◽  
Antibody Levels

Coxsackievirus B (CVB) enteroviruses are common pathogens that can cause acute and chronic myocarditis, dilated cardiomyopathy, aseptic meningitis, and they are hypothesized to be a causal factor in type 1 diabetes. The licensed enterovirus vaccines and those currently in clinical development are traditional inactivated or live attenuated vaccines. Even though these vaccines work well in the prevention of enterovirus diseases, new vaccine technologies, like virus-like particles (VLPs), can offer important advantages in the manufacturing and epitope engineering. We have previously produced VLPs for CVB3 and CVB1 in insect cells. Here, we describe the production of CVB3-VLPs with enhanced production yield and purity using an improved purification method consisting of tangential flow filtration and ion exchange chromatography, which is compatible with industrial scale production. We also resolved the CVB3-VLP structure by Cryo-Electron Microscopy imaging and single particle reconstruction. The VLP diameter is 30.9 nm on average, and it is similar to Coxsackievirus A VLPs and the expanded enterovirus cell-entry intermediate (the 135s particle), which is ~2 nm larger than the mature virion. High neutralizing and total IgG antibody levels, the latter being a predominantly Th2 type (IgG1) phenotype, were detected in C57BL/6J mice immunized with non-adjuvanted CVB3-VLP vaccine. The structural and immunogenic data presented here indicate the potential of this improved methodology to produce highly immunogenic enterovirus VLP-vaccines in the future.

scholarly journals Investigation of Kluyveromyces marxianus as a novel host for large-scale production of porcine parvovirus virus-like particles

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deqiang Yang ◽  
Lei Chen ◽  
Jinkun Duan ◽  
Yao Yu ◽  
Jungang Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kluyveromyces Marxianus ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Fetal Loss ◽  
Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Porcine Parvovirus ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Total Recovery ◽  
Virus Like Particles

Abstract Background: Porcine Parvovirus (PPV) is a Parvovirinae virus that can cause embryonic and fetal loss and death and mummification in affected fetal pigs. Unlike conventional vaccines, virus-like particles (VLPs) inherit the natural structure of their authentic virions and highly immunostimulatory that can induce strong humoral immune and T cell responses with no risk of pathogenicity due to incomplete attenuation or inactivation. Production PPV VLPs is still a challenge using the traditional expression platforms due to the low yield and culture cost. Kluyveromyces marxianus is a safe and fast-growing eukaryote that can yield high biomass in low-cost cultures. In this study, we investigated the production and downstream processes of PPV VLPs in K. marxianus, and the potential for effective stand-alone vaccines.Results: After optimization according to the codon bias of K.marxianus, the VP2 protein from Kresse strain was highly expressed. In 5L fermentator, the yield of PPV VLPs reached 2.5 g/L, qualified by HPLC, using a defined mineral medium after 48h fermentation. Two strategies, cation exchange chromatography coupled with Sephacryl® S-500 HR chromatography for the supernatants of pH adjusted cell lysates and anion exchange chromatography followed by cross-flow diafiltration for the precipitate respectively, were established to purify the intracellular PPV VLPs. The purity PPV VLPs reached about 95%, and total recovery was more than 60%. Sera from the PPV VLPs immunized mice showed high titers of IgG antibody and hemagglutination inhibitions on both swine and guinea pig erythrocytes. Spleen lymphocyte proliferation and cytokines detection suggested the PPV VLPs produced by K.marxianus can provoke the cellular immune and humoral immunity responses.Conclusion: This is the highest production of recombinant PPV VLPs achieved to date. The superiorities, safe, high production, short lead time, and low cost, make K. marxianus a greatly competitive platform in bioproduction of PPV VLPs vaccine.

Measurement of Specific IgG Antibody Levels in Serum of Patients on Regimes Comprising High Total Dose Beta-Lactam Therapy

1986 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 344-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Lee ◽  
Janet M. Dewdney ◽  
R.G. Edwards ◽  
K.A. Neftel ◽  
M. Wälti
Keyword(s):  
Total Dose ◽  
Beta Lactam ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Specific Igg ◽  
Antibody Levels ◽  
High Total Dose

scholarly journals Antibody level of New Zealand children immunized with the triple vaccine DTP (diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis)

1988 ◽  
Vol 101 (2) ◽  
pp. 405-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. H Lau
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Antibody Level ◽  
Herd Immunity ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Immunization Strategy ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Antibody Levels

SUMMARYEnzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) tests were used to measure IgG antibody levels in 2638 New Zealand children who had been immunized with the triple vaccine DTP. The percentage of children immune to diphtheria decreased with age. The percentage of children immune to tetanus varied from 67.1 to 55.0%. The percentage of children with measurable antibody to pertussis increased with age. The mean percentages of children with measurable antibody or immunity to one or more DTP components were 34.2% (with 3 components), 34.4% (2 components), and 78.1% (1 component). It appears the immunization strategy for diphtheria and tetanus is satisfactory for herd immunity in New Zealand children. However, the current pertussis strategy may not be providing adequate immunity to 5-year-olds in this country.

scholarly journals Enhanced production of 99Mo in inverse kinematics heavy ion reactions

2021 ◽  
Vol 252 ◽  
pp. 08003
Author(s):  
Justin Mabiala ◽  
Marcia R.D. Rodrigues ◽  
Georgios A. Souliotis ◽  
Victor E. Iacob ◽  
Ninel Nica ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inverse Kinematics ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Heavy Ion ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Gas Cell ◽  
Enhanced Production ◽  
Gas Target ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Cell Target ◽  
Catcher Foil

The reaction of a 100Mo beam at 12 MeV/nucleon impinging on a 4He gas-cell target was performed. The 99Mo alongside other coproduced isotopes were collected after the gas target on an aluminum catcher foil and their respective radioactivities were measured by offline γ-ray analysis. In this contribution, preliminary experimental results which are used to discuss the possibility of optimal large-scale production conditions of the produced radioisotopes are presented.

scholarly journals Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG against the S Protein: A Comparison of BNT162b2, mRNA-1273, ChAdOx1 nCoV-2019 and Ad26.COV2.S Vaccines

Vaccines ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 99
Author(s):  
Joanna Szczepanek ◽  
Monika Skorupa ◽  
Agnieszka Goroncy ◽  
Joanna Jarkiewicz-Tretyn ◽  
Aleksandra Wypych ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Response ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Humoral Response ◽  
Blood Type ◽  
Vaccine Response ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Nicolaus Copernicus ◽  
Antibody Levels

Background: COVID-19 vaccines induce a differentiated humoral and cellular response, and one of the comparable parameters of the vaccine response is the determination of IgG antibodies. Materials and Methods: Concentrations of IgG anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were analyzed at three time points (at the beginning of May, at the end of June and at the end of September). Serum samples were obtained from 954 employees of the Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń (a total of three samples each were obtained from 511 vaccinated participants). IgG antibody concentrations were determined by enzyme immunoassay. The statistical analysis included comparisons between vaccines, between convalescents and COVID-19 non-patients, between individual measurements and included the gender, age and blood groups of participants. Results: There were significant differences in antibody levels between mRNA and vector vaccines. People vaccinated with mRNA-1273 achieved the highest levels of antibodies, regardless of the time since full vaccination. People vaccinated with ChAdOx1 nCoV-2019 produced several times lower antibody levels compared to the mRNA vaccines, while the antibody levels were more stable. In the case of each of the vaccines, the factor having the strongest impact on the level and stability of the IgG antibody titers was previous SARS-CoV-2 infection. There were no significant correlations with age, gender and blood type. Summary: mRNA vaccines induce a stronger humoral response of the immune system with the fastest loss of antibodies over time.

The Role of Bacteroides Gingivalis in Periodontal Disease

1988 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 260-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Okuda ◽  
I. Takazoe
Keyword(s):  
Surface Antigens ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Cotton Threads ◽  
Bacteroides Gingivalis ◽  
Antibody Levels ◽  
Mandibular First Molar ◽  
Attachment Factor

The microbial flora in adult advanced periodontitis lesions is comprised of Gram-negative rods, with Bacteroides gingivalis as one of the major representatives. This review deals with biological properties of surface antigens, hemagglutinin (attachment factor), and capsular structure of B. gingivalis. Sera containing high IgG antibody levels to B. gingivalis enhanced the complement-mediated bactericidal activity in vitro, although the susceptibility to complement-mediated lysis differed among B. gingivalis strains. The protective effect of immunization against B. gingival is infection was examined in hamsters in which cotton threads had been tied to the gingival margins of the mandibular first molar. Repeated oral topical application of hyper-immune sera against B. gingivalis resulted in effective elimination of the organisms from the periodontal lesions in the experimental animals.

Human Immunoglobulins for Intravenous Use: Comparison of Available Preparations for Group B Streptococcal Antibody Levels, Opsonic Activity, and Efficacy in Animal Models

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 86 (6) ◽  
pp. 955-962
Author(s):  
Laurence B. Givner
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Neonatal Sepsis ◽  
Protective Efficacy ◽  
Group B Streptococcus ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Opsonic Activity ◽  
Immunoglobulin Preparations ◽  
Group B ◽  
Antibody Levels

Currently available human immunoglobulin preparations for intravenous use (IVIGs) are being used (with antibiotics) by some physicians for therapy of sepsis in newborns. Most neonatal sepsis and/or meningitis in this country is caused by group B Streptococcus (GBS), and most of these cases are due to type III GBS (III-GBS). The killing of III-GBS in vitro is dependent on specific IgG antibody. Adequate serum levels of specific III-GBS antibody protect the exposed newborn from the development of invasive disease. Therefore, III-GBS was used as a model to evaluate the activity of three IVIG preparations available for clinical use. Specific antibody levels, in vitro opsonophagocytic killing, and protective efficacy in animal models revealed differences in activity for III-GBS between the three IVIG preparations as well as between IVIG lots from the same manufacturer. Furthermore, it was found that the effect of IVIG using one of the assay methods may not reliably predict activity obtained using the other assays. These data document the inability to predict functional activity against a specific pathogen such as GBS on the part of a lot of IVIG chosen at random. In view of these findings and of the limited data evaluating clinical efficacy, IVIG cannot be recommended at this time for use in the therapy of infectious diseases such as neonatal sepsis.

Enhanced production of falcarinol-type polyacetylenes in hairy roots of cultivated carrot (Daucus carota subsp. sativus)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Dunemann ◽  
Christoph Böttcher
Keyword(s):  
Hairy Root ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Hairy Root Cultures ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Root Cultures ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Enhanced Production

Abstract Polyacetylenes (PAs) are a large group of bioactive phytochemicals, which are primarily produced by higher plants of the families Apiaceae and Araliaceae. Especially aliphatic C17-polyacetylenes of the falcarinol-type such as falcarinol (FaOH) and falcarindiol (FaDOH) are known for their numerous positive effects on human health. In this study we investigate the potential of carrot hairy root cultures for production of PAs. Three individual plants of seven differently coloured carrot cultivars were used for the development of hairy root cultures by transformation of root discs with the wild-type Rhizobium rhizogenes strain 15834. A total of 51 individual hairy root (HR) lines were obtained and quantitatively analysed together with root, petiole and leaf tissue samples for FaOH and FaDOH. Among the five tissues sampled from the donor plants, root periderm samples generally exhibited the highest PA levels with FaDOH as prevailing PA and large differences between cultivars. In comparison to periderm tissue, FaOH levels were highly increased in HR lines of all cultivars. In contrast, FaDOH levels were not significantly altered. Considering the low to moderate PA concentration in root and leaf tissues of the orange cultivars there was an up to more than 10-fold increase of the FaOH concentration in HRs of these genotypes. Within this study a reproducible method for Rrhi-mediated transformation of carrot root discs was applied which provides an efficient tool to assess the function of candidate genes involved in the biosynthesis of key PAs in carrot but might be used in future also for the large-scale production of falcarinol-type PAs.

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