Morphological characterization and molecular phylogeny of zoonotic trematodes in the freshwater snail Asolene platae

Parasitology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 146 (07) ◽  
pp. 839-848
Author(s):  
Federico A. Dellagnola ◽  
Martín M. Montes ◽  
Sergio R. Martorelli ◽  
Israel A. Vega
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Study ◽  
Freshwater Snail ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Pomacea Canaliculata ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
28S Rrna ◽  
Symbiotic Associations ◽  
The Family ◽  
Molecular Databases ◽  
Amplicon Size

AbstractIn the context of a broader program dealing with the symbiotic associations of apple snails, we sampled three species that coexist in Lake Regatas (Palermo, Buenos Aires, Argentina). The population ofAsolene platae, (but not those ofPomacea canaliculataandPomacea scalaris) showed trematode larvae (echinocercariae and xiphidiocercariae) in haemocoelic spaces and connective tissue of the digestive gland. The echinocercariae resembled those of the genusEchinochasmus, but lacked sensory hairs on their body and tail; whereas xiphidiocercariae were similar to the xiphidiocercariae armatae belonging to the Opisthoglyphe type. The phylogenetical positions of these trematodes were inferred by the 28S rRNA, ITS1 and mtCOXI gene sequences. The 28S rRNA gene linked the echinocercarial sequences with the polyphyletic genusEchinochasmus(Echinochasmidae), while the xiphidiocercarial sequences were linked with the genusPhaneropsolus(Phaneropsolidae). The molecular markers used were able to distinguish two cryptic molecular entities of the single echinocercarial morphotype. Although ITS1 and mtCOXI did not allow resolving phylogeny beyond the family level because of the scarce number of sequences in the molecular databases, both cercariae (echinocercariae and xiphidiocercariae) could be distinguished by the Internal Transcribed Spacer 1 amplicon size. This is the first correlative morphological and molecular study of zoonotic trematodes in Neotropical ampullariids.

scholarly journals Morphological and Molecular Characterization of Kochinema farodai Baqri and Bohra, 2001 (Dorylaimida: Nordiidae) from California, with the First Molecular Study and an Updated Taxonomy of the Genus

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2300
Author(s):  
Sergio Álvarez-Ortega
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Molecular Study ◽  
Recent Common Ancestor ◽  
Integrative Approach ◽  
Distribution Data ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
28S Rrna ◽  
The Family ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Characterization

This paper deals with the morphological and molecular characterization of Kochinema farodai Baqri and Bohra, 2001, with an integrative approach. The finding of K. faroidai in California is a remarkable biogeographical novelty, as it is the first American record of the species. Molecular data herein obtained represent the first molecular study of the genus Kochinema. Furthermore, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations of a member of Kochinema are provided for the first time. Additionally, this contribution provides new insights into the phylogeny and taxonomy of the nematode genus Kochinema. A brief historical outline of the matter is presented. Then, the morphological pattern of the genus is revised and illustrated, the anterior position of amphids, whose opening is located on lateral lip, being its most relevant diagnostic feature. The phylogenetic analysis inferred from D2–D3 expansion segments of 28S rRNA gene shows that Kochinema clustered together with other dorylaimid species characterized by the absence of pars refringens vaginae and that it does not share a recent common ancestor with other members of the family Nordiidae. A likely polyphyly of the family Nordiidae is confirmed. Finally, an updated taxonomy of the genus is proposed, including a revised diagnosis, a list of species, a key to species identification, and a compendium of their main morphometrics and distribution data.

Description of a new species of Auriculostoma (Digenea: Allocreadiidae) from Characidium heirmostigmata (Characiformes: Crenuchidae) from Argentina, using morphological and molecular data

2021 ◽  
Vol 95 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.M. Montes ◽  
J. Barneche ◽  
Y. Croci ◽  
D. Balcazar ◽  
A. Almirón ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
New Species ◽  
National Park ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
28S Rrna ◽  
The Family ◽  
Parasitological Survey ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Data ◽  
A New Species

Abstract During a parasitological survey of fishes at Iguazu National Park, Argentina, specimens belonging to the allocreadiid genus Auriculostoma were collected from the intestine of Characidium heirmostigmata. The erection of the new species is based on a unique combination of morphological traits as well as on phylogenetic analysis. Auriculostoma guacurarii n. sp. resembles four congeneric species – Auriculostoma diagonale, Auriculostoma platense, Auriculostoma tica and Auriculostoma totonacapanensis – in having smooth and oblique testes, but can be distinguished by a combination of several morphological features, hosts association and geographic distribution. Morphologically, the new species can be distinguished from both A. diagonale and A. platense by the egg size (bigger in the first and smaller in the last); from A. tica by a shorter body length, the genital pore position and the extension of the caeca; and from A. totonacapanensis by the size of the oral and ventral sucker and the post-testicular space. Additionally, one specimen of Auriculostoma cf. stenopteri from the characid Charax stenopterus (Characiformes) from La Plata River, Argentina, was sampled and the partial 28S rRNA gene was sequenced. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that A. guacurarii n. sp. clustered with A. tica and these two as sister taxa to A. cf. stenopteri. The new species described herein is the tenth species in the genus and the first one parasitizing a member of the family Crenuchidae.

scholarly journals Sicuophora (Syn. Wichtermania) multigranularis from Quasipaa spinosa (Anura): morphological and molecular study, with emphasis on validity of Sicuophora (Armophorea, Clevelandellida)

Parasite ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Can Li ◽  
Weishan Zhao ◽  
Dong Zhang ◽  
Runqiu Wang ◽  
Guitang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Genetic Data ◽  
Molecular Study ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Silver Impregnation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Right

Morphological studies of Sicuophora (Syn. Wichtermania) multigranularis Xiao et al., 2002, from the rectum of the frog, Quasipaa spinosa, performed using silver impregnation and scanning electron microscopy, confirmed the following newly recognized features: (1) only one apical suture on the right surface; (2) two naked regions at the posterior end of both the left and the right side of the body. Phylogenetic analysis based on the SSU-rRNA gene showed that S. multigranularis is a sister to a clade comprising all other Clevelandellida, strongly supporting the validity of the genus Sicuophora. This is also the first molecular data obtained for the genus Sicuophora. Because of the lack of molecular data, it will be necessary to obtain more genetic data from the family Sicuophoridae to discuss the question of the taxonomic status of the genus Sicuophora.

Ditylenchus gallaeformans sp. n. (Tylenchida: Anguinidae) – a neotropical nematode with biocontrol potential against weedy Melastomataceae

Nematology ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosângela D.L. Oliveira ◽  
Ângelo M. Santin ◽  
Dalila J. Seni ◽  
Anna Dietrich ◽  
Luis A. Salazar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Molecular Study ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
28S Rrna ◽  
Leaf Spots ◽  
Miconia Calvescens ◽  
Biocontrol Potential ◽  
Tail Tip ◽  
Species Specific

Ditylenchus gallaeformans sp. n. was found on several hosts at numerous locations in Brazil and Costa Rica. In its native habitats it attacks several genera in the Melastomataceae, including two species ranked as among the worst invasive weeds of Pacific island forests, namely Miconia calvescens and Clidemia hirta. The new species causes a severe disease on infected plants involving the formation of gall-like structures on infected leaves, inflorescences and stems, and may cause significant impact on its hosts. Morphological study using light and scanning electron microscopy and analysis of the partial 18S rRNA, the D2-D3 expansion fragments of 28S rRNA and the ITS rRNA gene sequences showed little variations between populations from different hosts or geographical origins. The molecular study revealed that the new species is related to D. drepanocercus, which was recently found in association with M. calvescens but causing angular leaf spots on this host. Ditylenchus gallaeformans sp. n. is distinguished from D. drepanocercus by having a bursa reaching the tail tip (vs covering around 50% of tail in D. drepanocercus) and a conical tail, regularly tapering towards a variable tip (vs tail with a distinctive apical falciform appendage in both sexes in D. drepanocercus). PCR with species-specific primers was developed for diagnostics of both Ditylenchus species. Ditylenchus gallaeformans sp. n. deserves further investigation as a potential biocontrol agent against M. calvescens and C. hirta.

A new species of deropristid trematode from the sterlet Acipenser ruthenus (Actinopterygii: Acipenseridae) and revision of superfamily affiliation of the family Deropristidae

2020 ◽  
Vol 190 (2) ◽  
pp. 448-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergey Sokolov ◽  
Ekaterina Voropaeva ◽  
Dmitry Atopkin
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Dorsal Side ◽  
The Body ◽  
Phylogenetic Study ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
28S Rrna ◽  
Acipenser Ruthenus ◽  
The Family ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Sterlet Acipenser Ruthenus

Abstract A new species, Skrjabinopsolus nudidorsalis sp. nov. is described from the sterlet Acipenser ruthenus, caught in the River Volga basin (Russia). This species differs from previously described congeners by the absence of vitelline follicles on the dorsal side of the body. The complete 18S rRNA and partial 28S rRNA gene sequences obtained for S. nudidorsalis are the first molecular data for the family Deropristidae. The results of phylogenetic analysis indicate that Deropristidae is sister to the Monorchiidae + Lissorchiidae group. The results of the phylogenetic study contradict the current taxonomic hypothesis that Deropristidae belongs to the superfamily Lepocreadioidea and allow inclusion of this family in Monorchioidea. The morphological similarity of deropristids to other monorchioids is recognizable from the presence of a bipartite internal seminal vesicle, spinous cirrus and a voluminous, armed metraterm.

scholarly journals On Kincaidiana Altman, 1936 and Guestphalinus Michaelsen, 1933 (Annelida, Clitellata, Lumbriculidae), with the descriptions of three new species

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven V. Fend ◽  
Pilar Rodriguez ◽  
Ainara Achurra ◽  
Christer Erséus
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
28S Rrna ◽  
Single Variable ◽  
The Family ◽  
Variable Species ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Data ◽  
Three New Species

Two formerly monotypic lumbriculid genera, Guestphalinus Michaelsen, 1933 and Kincaidiana Altman, 1936, are reviewed using morphological and molecular data, following the discovery of new northwestern, Nearctic species. Several populations of Kincaidiana hexatheca Altman, 1936 were examined, and both morphology and DNA data suggest a single, variable species in Pacific drainages extending from northern California through Washington, USA. Specimens of Kincaidiana from the Smith River drainage with a single, median atrium and differing genetically from K. hexatheca are assigned to K. smithi sp. nov. The chaetal morphology of North American Guestphalinus populations is variable, and two basic morphotypes are assigned to G. elephantinus sp. nov. and G. exilis sp. nov. This decision is supported by molecular data. The tree topology, based on the mitochondrial 16S rRNA and Cytochrome Oxidase I (COI), and the nuclear 28S rRNA gene sequences, confirmed the close phylogenetic relationships among the Nearctic Guestphalinus, Kincaidiana and Uktena Fend, Rodriguez & Lenat, 2015. Probable synapomorphies associating these genera include a filiform, ringed proboscis, a forward shift of reproductive organs relative to the usual position in the family, and spermathecae in the atrial segment.

An opisthorchiid concept of the genus Liliatrema (Trematoda: Plagiorchiida: Opisthorchioidea): an unexpected systematic position

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergey Sokolov ◽  
Evgeniy Frolov ◽  
Semen Novokreshchennykh ◽  
Dmitry Atopkin
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Systematic Position ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
28S Rrna ◽  
The Family ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Terminal Genitalia ◽  
Rdna Analysis

Abstract Liliatrema is a small genus of trematodes consisting of two species. Its systematic position has long been debated, partly because of the confusing reports about the structure of male terminal genitalia. Here we test the phylogenetic position of the genus Liliatrema using data on complete 18S rRNA and partial 28S rRNA gene sequences obtained for Liliatrema skrjabini. We also provide a detailed description of terminal genitalia in adult specimens of L. sobolevi and metacercariae of both Liliatrema species. The results of the 28S rDNA-based phylogenetic analysis indicate that Liliatrema falls within a well-supported clade, which also includes Apophallus and traditional opisthorchiids. This clade, in turn, is nested within a well-supported clade, containing Euryhelmis, Cryptocotyle and Scaphanocephalus. In the 18S+8S rDNA analysis, Liliatrema appears as a sister-taxon to the Cryptocotyle + Euryhelmis group. The Liliatrema + (Cryptocotyle + Euryhelmis) clade is a well-supported sister-group to the traditional opisthorchiids. The morphology of the terminal genitalia of the liliatrematids also corresponds to that of the opisthorchioids. Thus, the results of our morphological and phylogenetic analyses favour an unexpected conclusion that the genus Liliatrema belongs to the Opisthorchioidea. We propose that the genera Liliatrema, Apophallus, Euryhelmis, Cryptocotyle and Scaphanocephalus belong, respectively, within the subfamilies Liliatrematinae, Apophallinae, Euryhelminthinae and Cryptocotylinae of the family Opisthorchiidae.

Evidence from the small and large ribosomal RNA structure suggests that Anoplostoma rectospiculum Gal'tsova, 1976 (Nematoda: Anoplostomatidae) is a member of the superfamily Enoploidea, not Oncholaimoidea

Nematology ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 413-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna N. Pegova ◽  
Elena D. Krasnova ◽  
Vladimir V. Aleshin
Keyword(s):  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Rna Structure ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
18S Rrna Gene ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
28S Rrna ◽  
Ssu Rrna ◽  
Segment Sequence ◽  
The Family ◽  
Lsu Rrna Gene

Abstract Analyses of the primary structure of the 18S rRNA gene and D3 segment of the 28S rRNA, as well as evidence from the secondary structure of the SSU rRNA V7 region, suggest that Anoplostoma rectospiculum (Anoplostomatidae) has closer relationships to the family Enoplidae than to the Oncholaimidae. In phylogenetic trees derived from full length SSU rRNA gene and partial LSU rRNA gene (D3 expansion segment) sequence analyses, A. rectospiculum exhibits long branches. The associated artefacts of long branch attraction (LBA) are circumvented because of the presence of an undoubted molecular synapomorphy – a low homoplastic 1. b. p. insertion in helix 43 of the SSU rRNA which is shared jointly by Anoplostomatidae and Enoplidae. Analysis of low homoplastic apomorphic characters is considered to be a tool for testing phylogenies against LBA artefacts.

scholarly journals A revision of the Rhoptrobothriidae (Cestoda: “Tetraphyllidea”)

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4999 (3) ◽  
pp. 201-218
Author(s):  
KIRSTEN JENSEN ◽  
ISABEL A. M. PEN ◽  
JANINE N. CAIRA
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
28S Rrna ◽  
Family Status ◽  
The Family ◽  
New Material ◽  
Single Genus

The Rhoptrobothriidae are one of the more enigmatic families of cestodes of elasmobranchs. Opinions on the taxonomic status of the family’s three original genera (i.e., Myzophyllobothrium, Rhoptrobothrium, and Myzocephalus) have varied over the 115 years since they were erected. Some authors have considered all three valid, others have considered Rhoptrobothrium to be a synonym of Myzopyllobothrium or a genus inquirendum, yet others have considered Myzocephalus to be a synonym of the phyllobothriid genus Thysanocephalum. All three genera were established for specimens collected from eagle rays off Sri Lanka. The erection of Mixophyllobothrium for two specimens from a cowtail stingray off India three decades ago added additional confusion to the situation, with some authors considering it valid and others a synonym of Myzocephalus. These disagreements stem largely from differences in interpretation of the complex morphology of the scolex of members of these genera. Furthermore, with the exception of Rhoptrobothrium comprising four species, each genus is monotypic. All but Rhoptrobothrium has not been considered in detail for nearly a century, largely because of a lack of available material. The taxonomic status of these genera is assessed here based on light and scanning electron microscopy, and molecular data generated from new material collected from eagle rays off Indonesian and Malaysian Borneo, Japan, Sri Lanka, and Viet Nam. Morphological work indicates that the genera differ largely only in the degree of folding of the four remi that extend from the cephalic peduncle. A molecular phylogeny based on sequence data for the D1–D3 region of the 28S rRNA gene, which include new data for eight specimens of four species, indicates that Myzophyllobothrium, Myzocephalus, and Rhoptrobothrium are not mutually monophyletic. The latter two genera and Mixophyllobothrium are considered synonyms of Myzophyllobothrium and five species are transferred to that genus. Myzophyllobothrium okamuri n. comb. is considered a species inquirendum. Myzophyllobothrium nagasawai n. sp. is described from Aetobatus narutobiei off Japan. Myzophyllobothrium narinari n. comb. is re-described based on newly collected cestodes from the type host and locality (i.e., Aetobatus ocellatus off Sri Lanka). Despite consisting of only a single genus, the family status of the group is retained in recognition of the unusual configuration of the scolex, which bears four biloculate bothridia and four remi extending from the cephalic peduncle. The ordinal placement of the family remains uncertain, but affinities with the Phyllobothriidea, rather than “Tetraphyllidea” are considered.

Molecular phylogeny and systematics of cestodes with rudimentary rostellum (Cestoda: Hymenolepididae) from Holarctic Sorex shews (Eulipotyphla: Soricidae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 187 (3) ◽  
pp. 965-986
Author(s):  
Svetlana A Kornienko ◽  
Rasa Binkienė ◽  
Nikolai E Dokuchaev ◽  
Vasyl V Tkach
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Molecular Phylogeny ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Genetic Data ◽  
Molecular Study ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
28S Rrna

Abstract We analyse the phylogenetic relationships and taxonomic status of hymenolepidid cestodes with rudimentary rostellum, parasitic in Holarctic shrews of the genus Sorex. These cestodes were previously termed as a ‘Ditestolepis clade’ and encompass eight genera: Diorchilepis, Ditestolepis, Ecrinolepis, Gulyaevilepis, Mathevolepis, Novobrachylepis, Spalania and Spasskylepis. Representatives of seven of these were available for molecular study, including type species of all seven genera. Phylogenetic analysis based on partial sequences of the 28S rRNA gene supports this group of genera as monophyletic. The ‘Ditestolepis clade’ consists of two subclades. One of these includes genera containing cestodes having suckers positioned inside bothrium-like depressions (Ditestolepis, Gulyaevilepis and Spasskylepis). The second subclade contains cestodes with suckers expanding far beyond the margins of the scolex (Mathevolepis, Ecrinolepis, Spalania and Novobrachylepis). The relative taxonomic value of several additional morphological characters is discussed. Genetic data convincingly demonstrate that Ditestolepis diaphana, Spasskylepis ovaluteri and Mathevolepis macyi represent complexes of morphologically similar species. Based on the phylogenetic analysis, we resurrect the genus Spalania. Amended generic diagnoses and keys to identification of the genera in the Ditestolepis clade, as well as keys to the known species, are provided.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document