Development of an immunochromatographic device to detect antibodies for rapid diagnosis of human angiostrongyliasis

Parasitology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 147 (2) ◽  
pp. 194-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chalermchai Somboonpatarakun ◽  
Pewpan M. Intapan ◽  
Lakkhana Sadaow ◽  
Rutchanee Rodpai ◽  
Oranuch Sanpool ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Point Of Care ◽  
Central Nervous System Disease ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Remote Areas ◽  
System Disease ◽  
Epidemiological Surveys ◽  
Sophisticated Equipment ◽  
Diagnostic Values ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

AbstractCerebral angiostrongyliasis is a central nervous system disease caused by Angiostrongylus cantonensis and can produce eosinophilic meningitis or meningoencephalitis in humans. Sero-immunological techniques, such as the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunoblotting, are most commonly used for the diagnosis of human angiostrongyliasis. However, diagnosis in remote areas remains problematic because sophisticated equipment and specialized skills are required. To overcome, we have developed the immunochromatographic test (ICT) kit for rapid serological diagnosis of angiostrongyliasis through the detection of anti-A. cantonensis-specific antibodies in human serum. A recombinant A. cantonensis galectin-2 (rAcGal2) from young adult female worms was used as an antigen for the ICT kit development. Diagnostic values were evaluated and compared using the ELISA. The sensitivity, specificity and positive and negative predictive values of the ICT kit were 87.0, 96.5, 94.6 and 91.4%, respectively, and those of the ELISA were 91.0, 97.2, 95.8 and 94.0%, respectively. The concordance of the ICT kit was 93.9%. We, thus, determined that the ICT kit is sensitive and specific and provides reliable diagnostic results. It is rapid and simple to perform and can be utilized for both point-of-care diagnosis in the bedside laboratory and epidemiological surveys in endemic regions where access to diagnostic equipment is limited.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Immunoglobulin G Subclass Antibodies against Recombinant Fasciola gigantica Cathepsin L1 in an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Serodiagnosis of Human Fasciolosis

2005 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1152-1156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chaisiri Wongkham ◽  
Chairat Tantrawatpan ◽  
Pewpan M. Intapan ◽  
Wanchai Maleewong ◽  
Sopit Wongkham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Immunoglobulin G ◽  
Fasciola Gigantica ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Diagnostic Potential ◽  
Diagnostic Values ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity ◽  
Igg4 Antibody

ABSTRACT A cystatin capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using recombinant Fasciola gigantica cathepsin L1 antigen was developed to detect specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) subclass antibodies (IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, and IgG4) and was evaluated for its diagnostic potential for human fasciolosis. In an analysis of the sera of 13 patients infected with F. gigantica, 209 patients with other parasitic infections, 32 cholangiocarcinoma patients, and 42 healthy controls, the IgG4-ELISA gave the highest diagnostic values. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and positive and negative predictive values of this method based on the detection of IgG4 antibody were 100%, 99.3%, 99.3%, 86.7%, and 100%, respectively. The results revealed that restricting the ELISA to the detection of specific IgG4 antibody enhanced the specificity and accuracy for the serodiagnosis of human fasciolosis.

scholarly journals COVID-19 Seroprevalence among Healthcare Workers of a Large COVID-19 Hospital in Rome Reveals Strengths and Limits of Two Different Serological Tests

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 2650
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Vetrugno ◽  
Daniele Ignazio La Milia ◽  
Floriana D’Ambrosio ◽  
Marcello Di Pumpo ◽  
Roberta Pastorino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Test ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Administrative Staff ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Work From Home ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

Healthcare workers are at the forefront against COVID-19, worldwide. Since Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli (FPG) IRCCS was enlisted as a COVID-19 hospital, the healthcare workers deployed to COVID-19 wards were separated from those with limited/no exposure, whereas the administrative staff were designated to work from home. Between 4 June and 3 July 2020, an investigation was conducted to evaluate the seroprevalence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) immunoglobulin (IgG) antibodies among the employees of the FPG using point-of-care (POC) and venous blood tests. Sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values were determined with reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction on nasal/oropharyngeal swabs as the diagnostic gold standard. The participants enrolled amounted to 4777. Seroprevalence was 3.66% using the POC test and 1.19% using the venous blood test, with a significant difference (p < 0.05). The POC test sensitivity and specificity were, respectively, 63.64% (95% confidence interval (CI): 62.20% to 65.04%) and 96.64% (95% CI: 96.05% to 97.13%), while those of the venous blood test were, respectively, 78.79% (95% CI: 77.58% to 79.94%) and 99.36% (95% CI: 99.07% to 99.55%). Among the low-risk populations, the POC test’s predictive values were 58.33% (positive) and 98.23% (negative), whereas those of the venous blood test were 92.86% (positive) and 98.53% (negative). According to our study, these serological tests cannot be a valid alternative to diagnose COVID-19 infection in progress.

scholarly journals Secondary Analysis of an Electronic Surveillance System Combined with Multi-focal Interventions for Early Detection of Sepsis

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (01) ◽  
pp. 47-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bonnie Westra ◽  
Sean Landman ◽  
Pranjul Yadav ◽  
Michael Steinbach
Keyword(s):  
Early Detection ◽  
Surveillance System ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Length Of Hospital Stay ◽  
Separate Analysis ◽  
Electronic Surveillance ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

SummarySummary: To conduct an independent secondary analysis of a multi-focal intervention for early detection of sepsis that included implementation of change management strategies, electronic surveil-lance for sepsis, and evidence based point of care alerting using the POC AdvisorTM application. Methods: Propensity score matching was used to select subsets of the cohorts with balanced covariates. Bootstrapping was performed to build distributions of the measured difference in rates/ means. The effect of the sepsis intervention was evaluated for all patients, and High and Low Risk subgroups for illness severity. A separate analysis was performed patients on the intervention and non-intervention units (without the electronic surveillance). Sensitivity, specificity, and the positive predictive values were calculated to evaluate the accuracy of the alerting system for detecting sepsis or severe sepsis/ septic shock.Results: There was positive effect on the intervention units with sepsis electronic surveillance with an adjusted mortality rate of –6.6%. Mortality rates for non-intervention units also improved, but at a lower rate of –2.9%. Additional outcomes improved for patients on both intervention and non-intervention units for home discharge (7.5% vs 1.1%), total length of hospital stay (-0.9% vs –0.3%), and 30 day readmissions (-6.6% vs –1.6%). Patients on the intervention units showed better outcomes compared with non-intervention unit patients, and even more so for High Risk patients. The sensitivity was 95.2%, specificity of 82.0% and PPV of 50.6% for the electronic surveillance alerts. Conclusion: There was improvement over time across the hospital for patients on the intervention and non-intervention units with more improvement for sicker patients. Patients on intervention units with electronic surveillance have better outcomes; however, due to differences in exclusion criteria and types of units, further study is needed to draw a direct relationship between the electronic surveillance system and outcomes.

Neutrophil CD64 Index as a superior biomarker for early diagnosis of infection in febrile patients in the hematology department

2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shu-Dao Xiong ◽  
Lian-Fang Pu ◽  
Hui-Ping Wang ◽  
Lin-Hui Hu ◽  
Yang-Yang Ding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Specificity ◽  
Likelihood Ratios ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Combined Analysis ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Neutrophil Cd64 ◽  
Special Value ◽  
Diagnostic Values ◽  
Neutropenic Patients ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

Abstract Background: In the hematology department, the availability of biomarkers for early detection of infection is difficult to obtain. The present study aimed to compare the diagnostic values of neutrophil CD64 Index, procalcitonin (PCT), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP) and to determine whether the combined analysis of these biomarkers offer stronger predictive power in the diagnosis for the infection of febrile patients. Methods: Neutrophil CD64 Index, PCT, IL-6 and CRP levels were determined in 356 febrile patients in the hematology ward from May 2013 to May 2015. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative likelihood ratios, positive and negative predictive values, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) areas under the curve (AUC), and logistic regression analysis were determined to evaluate the diagnostic values of these biomarkers. Results: The levels of the four biomarkers were higher in the infection patients (p<0.001), and the PCT and IL-6 were higher in the patients with positive microbial blood culture (p<0.01). The neutrophil CD64 Index, PCT, IL-6, CRP had AUCs of 0.95, 0.83, 0.75 and 0.73, respectively. The best cut-off value of the neutrophil CD64 Index to detect infections was 5.06, with high specificity (87.5%) and sensitivity (88.4%). Furthermore, neutrophil CD64 Index, PCT and IL-6 offered the best combination of diagnosis with sensitivity of 93.9% and an AUC of 0.95. In addition, the neutrophil CD64 Index may have a special value to assist the physician to diagnose infection in the neutropenic patients with fever. Conclusions: The neutrophil CD64 Index is useful for early identification of infections in febrile patients in the hematology department. The combined analysis of the CD64 Index, PCT and IL-6 could further improve its sensitivity.

scholarly journals Evaluation of a Novel Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay To Detect Immunoglobulin G Antibody to Enolase for Serodiagnosis of Invasive Candidiasis

2007 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 318-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Laín ◽  
María D. Moragues ◽  
Juan Carlos García Ruiz ◽  
Joaquín Mendoza ◽  
Ana Camacho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Immunoglobulin G ◽  
Invasive Candidiasis ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity ◽  
Immunocompetent Patients

ABSTRACT The performance of a new test to detect antibodies to Candida albicans recombinant enolase was investigated in 47 immunocompromised and 51 immunocompetent patients. The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of the test for the diagnosis of invasive candidiasis were 81.0, 83.9, 79.1, and 85.5%, respectively.

Extraction and Enzyme Immunoassay of Sulfadimethoxine Residues in Channel Catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) Muscle

1994 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 908-916 ◽  
Author(s):  
Calvin C Walker ◽  
Steven A Barker
Keyword(s):  
Ictalurus Punctatus ◽  
Channel Catfish ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Color Development ◽  
One Step ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity ◽  
Performance Results

Abstract Four commercially available enzyme immunoassays were evaluated for the detection of sulfadimethoxine (SDM) residues in channel catfish muscle. Matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD) extracts of samples (n = 60, 0.5 g) fortified with SDM at 0, 25, 50, 100, and 250 ng/g were used in all assays. Intra-assay variations for 2 MICROTITER well-based quantitative assays, SIGNAL sulfamethazine test and IDS SDM One-Step ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay), were 5.6 and 7.7%. Interassay variations for these tests were 7.9 and 16.6%. The agreements between evaluators for 2 membrane-based, visually determined assays, CITE Sulfa Trio and EZ-SCREEN: SDM, were 77 and 95%. Performance values, as indicated by sensitivity, specificity, efficiency, and positive and negative predictive values, were 100, 92, 95, 89, and 100%, respectively for the SIGNAL test; 100, 94, 97, 92, and 100% for the IDS test; 98, 71, 82, 69, and 98% for the CITE test; and 98, 94, 96, 92, and 99% for the EZSCREEN assay. Eight sulfonamides cross-reacted in the SIGNAL test; EC-50 values (concentrations causing 50% inhibition of color development compared with blanks) varied from &lt;0.1 to 45 μg/mL. The EC-50 value for SDM was 0.25 μg/mL. The CITE test cross-reacted with sulfachloropyridazine at 10 μg/mL. The IDS and EZ-SCREEN tests had no significant cross-reactivity with other sulfonamides. N-Acetyl SDM reacted like the parent SDM in all assays. Performance results indicated that MSPD extracts of catfish muscle may be used in these immunoassays to screen catfish muscle samples for violative levels of SDM residue.

scholarly journals Epidemiological evaluation of a monoclonal ELISA detecting antibodies against bovine leukaemia virus in serum pools

1994 ◽  
Vol 113 (3) ◽  
pp. 563-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Knapen ◽  
P. Kerkhofs ◽  
E. Thiry ◽  
M. Mammerickx
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Distribution ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Cattle Population ◽  
Bovine Leukaemia Virus ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Leukaemia Virus ◽  
Epidemiological Evaluation ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

SUMMARYSensitivity, specificity and predictive values of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detecting antibodies against bovine leukaemia virus (BLV) were evaluated using a representative sample of 145 serum pools, comprising from 3 to 48 individual sera. The sample was constituted according to the frequency distribution of the negative and positive pools analysed during a screening involving the whole cattle population of Belgium. Sensitivity and specificity were estimated to 88·9% and 100% and the predicted negative and positive values were 99·9% and 100%, respectively. These results indicate the use of serum pools is suitable for the detection of BLV infected herds in eradication campaigns.

Tablet-based tele-audiometry: Automated hearing screening for schoolchildren

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 140-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra G Samelli ◽  
Camila M Rabelo ◽  
Seisse G Gandolfi Sanches ◽  
Ana C Martinho ◽  
Carla G Matas
Keyword(s):  
Screening Method ◽  
Pure Tone Audiometry ◽  
Hearing Screening ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Screening Protocol ◽  
Diagnostic Values ◽  
Comparison Of The Results ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity ◽  
Screening Approaches

Introduction To assess the performance of a tablet-based tele-audiometry method for automated hearing screening of schoolchildren through a comparison of the results of various hearing screening approaches. Methods A total of 244 children were evaluated. Tablet-based screening results were compared with gold-standard pure-tone audiometry. Acoustic immittance measurements were also conducted. To pass the tablet-based screening, the children were required to respond to at least two out of three sounds for all the frequencies in each ear. Several hearing screening methods were analysed: exclusively tablet-based (with and without 500 Hz checked) and combined tests (series and parallel). The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values and accuracy were calculated. Results A total of 9.43% of children presented with mild to moderate conductive hearing loss (unilateral or bilateral). Diagnostic values varied among the different hearing screening approaches that were evaluated: sensitivities ranged from 60 to 95%, specificities ranged from 44 to 91%, positive predictive values ranged from 15 to 44%, negative predictive values ranged from 95 to 99%, accuracy values ranged from 49 to 88%, and area under curve values ranged from 0.690 to 0.883. Regarding diagnostic values, the highest results were found for the tablet-based screening method and for the series approach. Discussion Compared with the results obtained by conventional audiometry and considering the diagnostic values of the different hearing screening approaches, the highest diagnostic values were generally obtained using the automated hearing screening method (including 500 Hz). Thus, this application, which was developed for the tablet computer, was shown to be a valuable hearing screening tool for use with schoolchildren. Therefore, we suggest that this hearing screening protocol has the potential to improve asynchronous tele-audiology service delivery.

scholarly journals Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Detection of Feline Herpesvirus 1 IgG in Serum, Aqueous Humor, and Cerebrospinal Fluid

1998 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 315-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Dawson ◽  
J. Carman ◽  
J. Collins ◽  
S. Hill ◽  
M. R. Lappin
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Aqueous Humor ◽  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Central Nervous System Disease ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
System Disease ◽  
Feline Herpesvirus ◽  
Herpesvirus 1

Feline herpesvirus 1 (FHV) is an important cause of feline ocular and respiratory disease, but the role the virus plays in central nervous system disease of cats has not been explored. The study described here was performed to validate an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to detect FHV-specific IgG antibodies for use in feline epidemiologic, ocular, and central nervous system disease studies. The indirect IgG ELISA was applied to serum, aqueous humor, and cerebrospinal fluid from cats. Serum FHV IgG ELISA results were compared with those of serum neutralization in client-owned cats and laboratory-housed cats following vaccination. Of the 100 client-owned cats tested by ELISA, 97 had detectable FHV IgG; 95 had titers >32. The FHV IgG ELISA was more sensitive than serum neutralization and could be used with aqueous humor and cerebrospinal fluid. Cats with inflammatory central nervous system or ocular diseases had significant leakage of serum proteins into aqueous humor and cerebrospinal fluid, necessitating use of cutoff values derived from serum when these fluids were assessed.

scholarly journals Investigation of a measles outbreak in Zimbabwe, 2010: potential of a point of care test to replace laboratory confirmation of suspected cases

2015 ◽  
Vol 143 (16) ◽  
pp. 3442-3450 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. SHONHAI ◽  
L. WARRENER ◽  
D. MANGWANYA ◽  
R. SLIBINSKAS ◽  
K. BROWN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Point Of Care ◽  
N Gene ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Point Of Care Test ◽  
Measles Outbreak ◽  
Laboratory Confirmation ◽  
High Level ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity ◽  
Level Of Agreement

SUMMARYBlood and oral fluid (OF) samples were collected from 103 suspected measles cases between February and November 2010 during a nationwide measles outbreak in Zimbabwe. Siemens measles IgM enzyme immunoassay (EIA) on serum, Microimmune measles IgM capture EIA on OF, real-time haemagglutinin (H) gene PCR and nested nucleocapsid (N) gene PCR on OF were performed, confirming 75 measles cases. These samples were then used to evaluate a newly developed point of care test (POCT) for measles and determine its potential for identifying measles cases in outbreaks. After performing POCTs on OF samples, nucleic acid was extracted from the used test strips and the measles H and N genes amplified by RT–PCR. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of the POCT for IgM in OF was 75·0% [95% confidence interval (CI) 63·4–84·5], 96·2% (95% CI 80·4–99·9), 98·2% (95% CI 90·3–100) and 58·1% (95% CI 42·1–73·0), respectively. The N gene sequences showed high level of agreement between original OF and corresponding POCT strips. Measles genotype B3 was identified in all cases. We conclude that the measles POCT has the potential to be used, at the point of contact, in outbreak situations and provide molecular characterization of the virus at a later date.

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