Effect of environmental factors on survival and population growth of ciliated parasite, Mesanophrys sp. (Ciliophora: Scuticociliatia) infecting Portunus trituberculatus

Parasitology ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Summia Perveen ◽  
Yuhua Lei ◽  
Fei Yin ◽  
Chunlin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Portunus Trituberculatus ◽  
Parasite Development ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Infection Dynamics ◽  
Lower Temperature ◽  
Increasing Temperature

Abstract Mesanophrys sp. is a newly identified parasitic ciliate infecting farmed swimming crab. To demonstrate the correlation between parasite development and environmental conditions, this study aimed to investigate the effect of temperature, salinity, pH and frequency of passage of parasite on survival, growth and body size of Mesanophrys sp. in vitro. The results revealed that survival, population density and growth rate of the parasite were highest at 12°C and decreased with increasing temperature from 16 to 26°C. In addition, the survival, population density and growth rate of Mesanophrys sp. were high at 20‰. When salinity was adjusted to levels lower (0–10‰) and higher (40–60‰) than 20‰, the parasite's survival and growth rate gradually declined. The optimal pH for parasite survival was 8.0, whereas its survival was inhibited at <4.5 or >9.5. Our result also showed that parasite body proportions (length:width) were significantly smaller at the highest temperature compared to the lower temperature, whereas different salinities had no significant effect. Furthermore, we introduced dynamic parasite culture systems in vitro where Mesanophrys sp. was cultured in medium-containing culture plates through continually reducing and halving the old medium into fresh. Application of this optimized dilution timing technique with fresh medium and sub-cultured enabled a continuous culture of parasites. Under this optimized condition, the highest population density and exponential growth rate of the parasite were achieved than that of a control group. This study will help to understand the ciliated parasite infection dynamics and provides new possibilities for in vitro parasite-associated studies.

scholarly journals Insulin biosynthesis in the bullhead, Ictalurus nebulosus, and the effect of temperature

1973 ◽  
Vol 134 (3) ◽  
pp. 753-761 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret L. Moule ◽  
Cecil C. Yip
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Difference ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Insulin Biosynthesis ◽  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
Bicarbonate Buffer ◽  
Control Tissue ◽  
Ictalurus Nebulosus ◽  
Lower Temperature

Insulin biosynthesis in the brown bullhead, Ictalurus nebulosus (Le Sueur), was studied by measuring the incorporation in vitro of [3H]leucine into proteins of the principal islet. The tissue was incubated for 6–15h in Krebs–Ringer bicarbonate buffer with [3H]leucine, supplemented with amino acids and glucose. Proteins, precipitated with trichloroacetic acid and extracted with acid ethanol, were separated by gel-filtration on Biogel P-30 in 3m-acetic acid. Three major components were found after incubation of the islets at 22°C. On the basis of the results of sulphitolysis, biological activity and the demonstrated precursor–product relationship, components I and II were identified as proinsulin and insulin respectively. The third component was not identified. At 12°C, [3H]leucine was incorporated only into proinsulin. No radioactivity was found in insulin or the unidentified component III at 12°C as was found after incubation at 22°C. When the temperature was lowered from 22° to 12°C after 3h of a 15h incubation, decreased conversion of proinsulin into insulin resulted at the lower temperature compared with the control tissue maintained at 22°C. When the temperature was raised from 12° to 22°C at 3h of a 15h incubation, conversion of proinsulin into insulin occurred. No conversion occurred in the control tissue with the temperature maintained at 12°C. No qualitative difference in the incorporation of [3H]leucine into proinsulin and its conversion into insulin at 12° and 22°C could be demonstrated between islet tissue from fish acclimated to less than 12°C or to 22°C. The results suggest that the enzyme(s) responsible for converting proinsulin into insulin in the bullhead may be temperature sensitive with low activity at 12°C.

Predictive Model for the Effect of Environmental Conditions on the Postharvest Development of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Strains Isolated from Papaya (Carica papaya L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 83 (9) ◽  
pp. 1495-1504
Author(s):  
TERESA SANDOVAL-CONTRERAS ◽  
MARICARMEN IÑIGUEZ-MORENO ◽  
LUIS GARRIDO-SÁNCHEZ ◽  
JUAN ARTURO RAGAZZO-SÁNCHEZ ◽  
JOSÉ ALBERTO NARVÁEZ-ZAPATA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Supply Chain ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽  
Growth Models ◽  
External Validation ◽  
Food Microbiology ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Primary Model

ABSTRACT Colletotrichum species are the most important postharvest spoilage fungi of papaya fruit. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of temperature and relative humidity on growth rate and time for growth to become visible of five strains of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides isolated from papaya fruit in a complex medium. As a primary model, the radial growth rates were estimated using the Baranyi and Roberts model in papaya agar. The Solver MS Excel function was used to obtain the time to visible mycelium (tv). Secondary models obtained with the Rosso et al. cardinal model of inflection were applied to describe the effect of temperature on the growth rate (μ). The Arrhenius-Davey model was used to model tv. The obtained models seem to be satisfactory for describing both μ and tv. The relative humidity had an effect on μ and tv for all tested C. gloeosporioides isolates, but no model accurately described the behavior of the fungus. External validation of models was performed with papaya fruit. Growth models were developed with the same models used in vitro. The bias and the accuracy factors as indices for performance evaluation of predictive models in food microbiology as a function of temperature and RH were 1.22 and 1.33, respectively, for μ and 1.18 and 1.62, respectively, for tv, indicating accurate predictions. The supply chain of papaya is complex and requires constant conditions, and poor conditions can result in damage to the fruit. Knowledge of the behavior of C. gloeosporioides on papaya fruit and application of the developed models in the supply chain will help to establish transport control strategies to combat these fungi. This research has contributed to development of the first models of growth for C. gloeosporioides in Mexico. HIGHLIGHTS

Comparison of Hsc70 orthologs from polar and temperate notothenioid fishes: differences in prevention of aggregation and refolding of denatured proteins

2005 ◽  
Vol 288 (5) ◽  
pp. R1195-R1202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean P. Place ◽  
Gretchen E. Hofmann
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Chaperone ◽  
Molecular Chaperones ◽  
Temperate Species ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Antarctic Species ◽  
Temperature Selection ◽  
Lower Temperature

Although a great deal is known about the cellular function of molecular chaperones in general, very little is known about the effect of temperature selection on the function of molecular chaperones in nonmodel organisms. One major unanswered question is whether orthologous variants of a molecular chaperone from differential thermally adapted species vary in their thermal responses. To address this issue, we utilized a comparative approach to examine the temperature interactions of a major cytosolic molecular chaperone, Hsc70, from differently thermally adapted notothenioids. Using in vitro assays, we measured the ability of Hsc70 to prevent thermal aggregation of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). We further compared the capacity of Hsc70 to refold chemically denatured LDH over the temperature range of −2 to +45°C. Hsc70 purified from the temperate species exhibited greater ability to prevent the thermal denaturation of LDH at 55°C compared with Hsc70 from the cold-adapted species. Furthermore, Hsc70 from the Antarctic species lost the ability to competently refold chemically denatured LDH at a lower temperature compared with Hsc70 from the temperate species. These data indicate the function of Hsc70 in notothenioid fishes maps onto their thermal history and that temperature selection has acted on these molecular chaperones.

IN VITRO THERMAL REQUIREMENTS OF TWO ISOLATES OF METARHIZIUM ANISOPLIAE METCH.) SOROK. UNDER CONSTANT CONDITIONS

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 70-74
Author(s):  
Cristina-Maria Lumînare ◽  
Daniel Nicolae Cojanu ◽  
Mihaela-Monica Dinu ◽  
Ana-Cristina Fătu
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Mathematical Function ◽  
Thermal Requirements

"The effect of temperature on the mycelial growth of two isolates of Metarhizium anisopliae (Metch.) Sorok. (Hypocreales, Clavicipitaceae) was evaluated in vitro on PDA growth medium, by measuring the diameter of the fungal colonies, at the following temperature values: 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40 °C, over 14 days under constant conditions. The data obtained were used for the calculation of the growth rate (mm/day) using linear regression. The representation of the values corresponding to the minimum, optimal and maximum temperature of vegetative growth was made by a curve described by a mathematical function, a modified beta (ß) function. The lowest temperatures at which growth occurs are 7 and 10°C, the highest is 35.7°C; temperature at which the most growth occurs, as indicated by the measurements, was distributed over a range of temperatures from 22.9 to 31°C."

scholarly journals The Effect of Temperature and Salinity on the Growth of Skeletonema costatum and Chlorella capsulata in vitro

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esmat Ebrahimi ◽  
Alireza Salarzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Skeletonema Costatum ◽  
Life Sciences ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Optimum Growth ◽  
Microalgal Biomass ◽  
Lower Salinity ◽  
Major Factors

Salinity and temperature are two of the major factors controlling the growth rate of microalgae. In this study, the effect of salinity and temperature on the growth of marine microalgae; Chlorella capsulata and Skeletonema costatum were investigated to optimize the microalgal biomass production. These species were cultured at different salinities (20, 25 and 30 ‰) and temperatures (20, 25 and 30°C). Skeletonema costatum and Chlorella capsulata had significantly higher (p<0.05) growth rate when cultured at salinities of 30 and 25 ‰, respectively. In terms of temperature, the highest (p<0.05) growth rate was observed in Skeletonema costatum and Chlorella capsulata cultivated at temperatures of 30 and 25°C, respectively. This study indicated that Skeletonema costatum was suitable to marine condition, whereas Chlorella capsulata showed optimum growth at lower salinity and temperature. In addition, can be concluded, Chlorella capsulata and Skeletonema costatum can be considered as suitable species for large outdoor micro algal cultivation.International Journal of Life Sciences 10 (1) : 2016; 40-44

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE AND NITRATE COMPOUND ON GROWTH, BIOMASS AND FREE FATTY ACID CONTENT ON MICROALGAE CULTURE OF Spirulina sp. and Skeletonema sp.

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-11
Author(s):  
Nita Rukminasari ◽  
Muhammad Lukman ◽  
Rahmadi Tambaru ◽  
Dwi Fajriyati Inaku ◽  
Suharto Suharto
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Concentration ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Lipid Production ◽  
Fatty Acid Concentration ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Free Fatty Acid Concentration ◽  
Increasing Temperature

Temperature and availability nutrients played an important role on growth and lipid production of microalgae. In this study, we examined the effect of increasing suhu and excessed and depleted NO3 on growth rate, biomass and free fatty acid concentration in the Spirulina sp and Skeletonema sp. Two microalgae were culture on Conway and Milne media for 21 days using continuous culture technique. There were four temperature treatments, such as 28oC, 30oC, 32oC and 34oC and three nutrient treatments, which were control nutrient treatment, without NO3 and two times NO3 concentrations from control treatments with three replicates for each treatments. Results found that increasing temperature significantly affected on biomass and concentration free fatty acid, meanwhile nutrient treatments affected on growth rate, biomass and concentration of organic Carbon. In general, increasing temperature was more affected on Spirulina sp in terms of increasing growth rate, biomass and free fatty acid concentration. However, Skeletonema sp was more responsive to availability of NO3 in the media culture for increasing free fatty acid, and percentage of free fatty acid per dry weight.

scholarly journals Temperature sensitivity differs between heart and red muscle mitochondria in mahi-mahi (Coryphaena hippurus)

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gigi Y. Lau ◽  
Georgina K. Cox ◽  
John D. Stieglitz ◽  
Daniel D. Benetti ◽  
Martin Grosell
Keyword(s):  
Heart Mitochondria ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Coryphaena Hippurus ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Irreversible Effects ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Lower Temperature

Abstract Maintaining energy balance over a wide range of temperatures is critical for an active pelagic fish species such as the mahi-mahi (Coryphaena hippurus), which can experience rapid changes in temperature during vertical migrations. Due to the profound effect of temperature on mitochondrial function, this study was designed to investigate the effects of temperature on mitochondrial respiration in permeabilized heart and red skeletal muscle (RM) fibres isolated from mahi-mahi. As RM is thought to be more anatomically isolated from rapid ambient temperature changes compared to the myocardium, it was hypothesized that heart mitochondria would be more tolerant of temperature changes through a greater ability to match respiratory capacity to an increase in temperature and to maintain coupling, when compared to RM mitochondria. Results show that heart fibres were more temperature sensitive and increased respiration rate with temperature increases to a greater degree than RM. Respiratory coupling ratios at the three assay temperatures (20, 26, and 30 °C), revealed that heart mitochondria were less coupled at a lower temperature (26 °C) compared to RM mitochondria (30 °C). In response to an in vitro acute temperature challenge, both tissues showed irreversible effects, where both heart and RM increased uncoupling whether the assay temperature was acutely changed from 20 to 30 °C or 30 to 20 °C. The findings from this study indicate that mahi-mahi heart mitochondria were more temperature sensitive compared to those from RM.

Effect of Temperature and Anodizing Potential on the Photocatalytic Activity of TiO2 Nanotubes

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 1922-1927
Author(s):  
M. Farrokh ◽  
M. Alitabar ◽  
T. Gheiratmand
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Photocatalytic Activity ◽  
Sodium Carbonate ◽  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Tio2 Nanotubes ◽  
Organic Electrolyte ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Increasing Temperature

In this research, the effect of temperature and anodizing voltage on the morphology and photocatalytic activity of TiO2 nanotubes which were fabricated in the organic electrolyte containing sodium carbonate as an additive was investigated. The FESEM results indicate that by increasing temperature, the growth rate, wall thickness of nanotubes decreased and disordered nanotube was fabricated. Besides, the photocatalytic activity of nanotubes was decreased as well. Furthermore, enhancing the anodizing voltage from 30 to 50 V leads to improvement of morphology and photocatalytic activity of TiO2 nanotubes.

166 THE EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE DURING STORAGE OF IN VITRO-MATURED BOVINE OOCYTES IN A HEPES-BUFFERED MEDIUM ON DEVELOPMENTAL COMPETENCE

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 213
Author(s):  
T. Suttirojpattana ◽  
T. Somfai ◽  
S. Matoba ◽  
T. Nagai ◽  
R. Parnpai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polar Body ◽  
Calf Serum ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Developmental Competence ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Atp Content ◽  
Developmental Rates ◽  
Bovine Oocytes

The objective of this study was to clarify the effect of the temperature during liquid storage in in vitro matured (IVM) bovine oocytes. IVM bovine oocytes were stored in Eppendorf tube containing 1 mL HEPES TCM-199 supplemented with 10% (v/v) new born calf serum at different temperatures (4°C, 15°C, 25°C, and 38.5°C) for 20 h. The developmental rates of stored and not stored (control) oocytes to the blastocyst stage, cell numbers in resultant blastocysts, and fertilization normality were evaluated after in vitro fertilization and in vitro culture. The ATP content, reduced glutathione (GSH) content, and apoptosis rates in oocytes were also determined in stored and control groups. At least 3 replicates were conducted for each experiment. The data were analysed by 1-way ANOVA followed by post hoc Fisher’s protected least significantly difference test. Percentage data were transformed to arc-sine before analysis. All of the storage groups (4, 15, 25, and 38.5°C groups, respectively) showed significantly lower blastocyst developmental rates (8.5, 14.9, 19.3, and 24.5%, respectively) compared with the control group (39.8%; P < 0.05). Within the storage groups, the 25°C and the 38.5°C groups exhibited the greatest rate of blastocyst formation. In contrast, the total cell number of the 38.5°C group was significantly lower than that of control group (P < 0.05), whereas that of the 25°C group was similar with the control group. The frequency of normal emission of the second polar body (2PB) was significantly greater in the control group compared with the storage groups (P < 0.05). The 2PB emission rate was significantly lower in the 38.5°C group compared with the 4°C group (P < 0.05) but not different from those of the 15°C and 25°C storage groups. The percentage of male pronuclear formation in the control group was significantly higher than those in the stored groups (P < 0.05) except for the 25°C group. During storage at 4°C, the ATP content was significantly decreased compared with the control group (1.3 v. 1.7 pmol; P < 0.05); however, in the 25°C and 38.5°C groups, the ATP content (2.0 and 1.9 pmol, respectively) was significantly higher than that in the control group (1.7 pmol; P < 0.05); whereas the 15°C group showed the same ATP level compared with the control group. Storage of oocytes for 20 h reduced the GSH content compared with the control group without storage (P < 0.05); however, there were no significant differences among storage groups. Annexin-V staining revealed increased incidences of early apoptotic oocytes in the 4°C and 15°C groups (P < 0.05) compared with other groups. In conclusion, based on the embryo developmental competence of stored oocytes and quality of resultant blastocysts, 25°C was determined as the most suitable temperature for temporal storage of matured bovine oocytes. The study was supported by the NARO Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, Japan (N32G4126), and the Royal Golden Jubilee-PhD scholarship (2.B.TS/53/F.2).

Determining Suitable Thermal Regimes for Early Instar Redclaw Juveniles, Cherax quadricarinatus (von Martens, 1868) (Decapoda, Parastacidae), for a Proposed Nursery Phase

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-23
Author(s):  
Damian P. Rigg ◽  
Robert L. Courtney ◽  
Jamie E, Seymour ◽  
Clive M. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Primary Parameter ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Production Methods ◽  
Early Instar ◽  
Phase Temperature ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Lower Temperature ◽  
Increasing Temperature ◽  
Day Nursery

Abstract Modern, intensified aquaculture typically involves three production phases; hatchery, nursery, and grow-out. For redclaw crayfish aquaculture however, such delineation has been ill-defined. Farming of redclaw was initiated based on the putative beneficial physical and biological attributes of the species, which suggested production methods would be relatively simple. The simple approach proved to be inefficient and only partially effective, which hindered industry development. Hatchery technology now exists to supply seed stock for grow-out, but hatchery production is variable, and the performance of hatchery reared juveniles is inconsistent. A nursery phase has been proposed between hatchery production and grow-out of approximately 3 weeks duration, sufficient to allow 2 or more moults. An important primary parameter in the proposed nursery phase is the thermal regime that will support optimum survival and growth. This study quantified the effect of temperature on the growth and survival of redclaw juveniles for a 22-day nursery phase. Temperature had a statistically significant effect on the survival of juveniles, whereby, the high temperatures were associated with high mortality, and the lower temperature treatments were associated with very low mortality. Survival was 98 to 100% for craylings held at temperatures between 18°C and 22°C, and between 0% and 6% for craylings at temperature treatments of 25°C to 32°C. Mortalities within treatments between 25°C and 30°C, primarily occurred from day six to day eleven, corresponding with the initiation of moulting. Change of mass of crayfish was significantly higher with increasing temperature between 18°C and 22°C and at individual weights that suggest they had completed a moult. This study suggests a water temperature of 22°C is optimal for survival and growth in a nursery phase.

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