Reindeer dairying in the Soviet Union

Polar Record ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 25 (155) ◽  
pp. 285-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gail Fondahl
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Dairy Industry ◽  
Domesticated Animals ◽  
Native Peoples ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
History Of ◽  
Processed Form ◽  
Set Up

AbstractReindeer milk is used by native peoples throughout the Soviet North. This article describes how different groups use, or have in the past used, the milk in raw and processed form. After summarizing the properties of reindeer milk, it outlines a neglected chapter in the history of domesticated animals: the attempt in the 1930s to set up a commercial reindeer dairy industry in the USSR. Lastly, it analyzes the decline of reindeer milking among peoples of the Soviet north in this century.

Reliability of the Plot Related to the Conversation with Deng Xiaoping on the Sino-Soviet Territorial Issues in the Memoirs of E. Shevardnadze

2021 ◽  
pp. 135
Author(s):  
Yinan Li
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Good Reason ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Foreign Affairs ◽  
Deng Xiaoping ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Reliable Source ◽  
History Of ◽  
Territorial Claims

In 2009, the former Minister of Foreign Affairs of the USSR and President of Georgia E.A. Shevardnadze published his memoirs in Russian, which contain an “explosive” plot: while visiting China in February 1989, during his meeting with Deng Xiaoping, a lengthy dispute over border and territorial issues occurred. At that time, Deng allegedly expressed his point of view that vast lands of the Soviet Union, from three to four million square kilometers, belonged to China. Chinese can wait patiently until someday the lands return to China. This content is cited in scientific works by many historians from different countries as an argument. However, there is no other evidence which can prove this recollection. Many details in it contradict the well known historical facts or are completely illogical. There is a good reason to believe that the plot in the memoirs of Shevardnadze is an incorrect recollection. It could even be considered as a made-up story. Moreover, it is possible that it was fabricated for some reasons. Hence, the plot is not worthy of being quoted as a reliable source. At the Sino-Soviet summit Deng Xiaoping did have expressed the point of view that in the past Russia and then the Soviet Union cut off millions of square kilometers of land from China, but at the same time he promised the leader of the Soviet Union that China would not make territorial claims. Since the mid-1980s Deng Xiaoping actively promoted the settlement of the Sino-Soviet border issues through negotiations, which led to the result that 99% of the border between Russia and China was delimited on a legal basis in the last years of his life. At present, the problems of the Sino-Russian border have been finally resolved long ago. There is no doubt that the scientific research and discussions on issues related to territory and borders in the history of Sino-Soviet relations can be made. However, such research and discussions should be based on reliable sources.

The Communications–Computing Symbiosis: The Beginning

2021 ◽  
pp. 259-286
Author(s):  
Laszlo Solymar
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Electronic Mail ◽  
Internet Security ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Computer Laboratory ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Bill Gates ◽  
History Of ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Electronic Spreadsheet

Chapter 16 discusses the history of the computer. Important events include IBM bringing out the personal computer, and Xerox PARC inventing the graphical user interface. Paul Allen and Bill Gates left Harvard in 1975 to set up a computer laboratory. A year later Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak set up Apple, followed soon by Dan Bricklin inventing the electronic spreadsheet. At the start of the 1980s Gates leased the MS-DOS operating system to IBM. Prior to all this, in 1969 the Advanced Research Product Agency set up ARPANET, the predecessor of the Internet. Other topics covered in this chapter include the birth of electronic mail, uses and abuses of the Internet, security and coding, and the Minitel in France. The last part of the chapter looks at the Soviet Union and the InterNyet.

A Separate Moldovan Language? The Sociolinguistics of Moldova'sLimba de Stat

2006 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 575-597 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew H. Ciscel
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Language Identity ◽  
The Past ◽  
Imperial Russia ◽  
Language And Power ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
The People ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Soviet Russia

The politics of language identity have figured heavily in the history of the people of the Republic of Moldova. Indeed the region's status as a province of Russia, Romania, and then the Soviet Union over the past 200 years has consistently been justified and, at least partially, manipulated on the basis of language issues. At the center of these struggles over language and power has been the linguistic and cultural identity of the region's autochthonous ethnicity and current demographic majority, the Moldovans. In dispute is the degree to which these Moldovans are culturally, historically, and linguistically related to the other Moldovans and Romanians across the Prut River in Romania. Under imperial Russia from 1812 to 1918 and Soviet Russia from 1944 to 1991, a proto-Moldovan identity that eschewed connections to Romania and emphasized contact with Slavic peoples was promoted in the region. Meanwhile, experts from Romania and the West have regularly argued that the eastern Moldovans are indistinguishable, historically, culturally, and linguistically, from their Romanian cousins.

scholarly journals The 15th Anniversary of the Seminar on the History of Higher School in St. Petersburg

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (8-9) ◽  
pp. 159-168
Author(s):  
T. V. Kostina
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
History Of Higher Education ◽  
University Teachers ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
History Of ◽  
15Th Anniversary

University teachers in Russia have a period of increasing pedagogical and paper load. In this situation it is important to offer an environment,  preserving and developing their research skills, providing a possibility of  discussing their results in an audience of expert and concerned colleagues. A  thematic seminar as a form of such environment in many respects has  advantages over conferences, with their strict rules of reports and  discussions. The seminar on the history of higher school in St. Petersburg for  15 years has been an informal platform for reports and discussions on the history of higher education not only in St. Petersburg, but also in the  territories of the former Russian Empire and the Soviet Union. Reports,  presented at the interdisciplinary seminar, deal with the educational policy,  the history of educational institutions, the methodology of studying the  history of higher education, the study of archival collections of educational  institutions, etc. Over the past five year 18 sessions have been held, 4 of  them – in the form of problematic round tables; overall 30 reports were  presented. 

scholarly journals Revolutionary events of 1917 in the party historical policy of modern Russia

2021 ◽  
pp. 148-164
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Leonidovna Timshina
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Political Parties ◽  
Negative Attitude ◽  
Natural Course ◽  
Socialist Revolution ◽  
Unified Approach ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
History Of ◽  
Founding Myth

In the Soviet Union, the Great October Socialist Revolution was regarded as the key event in history of the country, performing the role “founding myth”. Despite the fact that three decades have passed since the dissolution of the Soviet Union, there is yet no uniform opinion to neither February nor October revolutions. Modern parties have expressed their attitude towards the events of 1917 within the framework of their historical policy. The author analyzes the attitude of the parties towards revolution, and determines the peculiarities of the image of the past they formed. The official occasion of the centenary of the Revolution. The author concludes on the absence of the unified approach of modern parties towards the revolutionary events of 1917. The parties have been divided into three groups: supporters of the October and supporters of the February single out one of the revolutions, placing emphasis on its achievements; “evolutionists” demonstrate a negative attitude towards the events of 1917, believing that the revolutions distorted the natural course of events in Russia. Among major parties, only United Russia could not formulate a clear attitude towards revolution, reducing it to the formula of “consent and reconciliation”. It can be expect that political parties will continue to develop their own historical policy.

Buddhists, Shamans, and Soviets

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justine Buck Quijada
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
State Repression ◽  
Temporal Perspective ◽  
Cultural Traditions ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Perspective

History in the Soviet Union was a political project. From the Soviet perspective, Buryats, an indigenous Siberian ethnic group, were a “backward” nationality that was carried along on the inexorable march toward the Communist utopian future. When the Soviet Union ended, the Soviet version of history lost its power and Buryats, like other Siberian indigenous peoples, were able to revive religious and cultural traditions that had been suppressed by the Soviet state. In the process, they also recovered knowledge about the past that the Soviet Union had silenced. Borrowing the analytic lens of the chronotope from Bakhtin, this book argues that rituals have chronotopes which situate people within time and space. As they revived rituals, post-Soviet Buryats encountered new historical information and traditional ways of being in time that enabled them to reimagine the Buryat past and what it means to be Buryat. Through the temporal perspective of a reincarnating Buddhist monk, Dashi-Dorzho Etigelov, Buddhists come to see the Soviet period as a test on the path of dharma. Shamanic practitioners, in contrast, renegotiate their relationship to the past by speaking to their ancestors through the bodies of shamans. By comparing the versions of history that are produced in Buddhist, shamanic, and civic rituals, Buddhists, Shamans, and Soviets offers a new lens for analyzing ritual, a new perspective on how an indigenous people grapples with a history of state repression, and an innovative approach to the ethnographic study of how people know about the past.

scholarly journals HISTORY OF DEPORTED PEOPLES TO THE TERRITORY OF KAZAKHSTAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Issabek ◽  
◽  
E. Shalanov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
The People ◽  
White Spots ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
History Of ◽  
Forced Relocation ◽  
Run Up

In the 30-50 years of the 20th century, the process of eviction in Kazakhstan began in a forced and organized form. Questions of population transfer in the Soviet union were kept confidential. Only in the late 1980s of the 20th century started investigation the problems of "White Spots" in history. Among such problems were the forcibly deported people and their fate. The pages of the shadow history of the past of representatives of other nationalities who were forcibly resettled were revealed, that today they live in a second homeland. Since the middle of 1930s, systematic work has been carried out to forcibly relocate to the territory of Kazakhstan. During the Great Patriotic War, forced evacuation of the population became an integral part of Stalin's repressions. The article considers that the forced relocation of people in general in the run-up to the Great Patriotic War and in wartime, and the deportation of deported people are classified as unreliable changed ethnic groups. The victims of such policy were the people: Korean, German, Polish, Armenian, Azerbaijani, Greek, Kalmyk, Karachai, Ingush, Chechen, Balkar, Crimean Tatars, Turks, etc.

The Role of the Mongolian People’s Republic in the Korean War

2018 ◽  
pp. 97-130
Author(s):  
Denzenlkham Ulambayar
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Korean War ◽  
World Order ◽  
The United States ◽  
Central Intelligence Agency ◽  
Intelligence Agency ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
The Korean War ◽  
History Of

Since the 1990s, when previously classified and top secret Russian archival documents on the Korean War became open and accessible, it has become clear for post-communist countries that Kim Il Sung, Stalin and Mao Zedong were the primary organizers of the war. It is now equally certain that tensions arising from Soviet and American struggle generated the origins of the Korean War, namely the Soviet Union’s occupation of the northern half of the Korean peninsula and the United States’ occupation of the southern half to the 38th parallel after 1945 as well as the emerging bipolar world order of international relations and Cold War. Newly available Russian archival documents produced much in the way of new energies and opportunities for international study and research into the Korean War.2 However, within this research few documents connected to Mongolia have so far been found, and little specific research has yet been done regarding why and how Mongolia participated in the Korean War. At the same time, it is becoming today more evident that both Soviet guidance and U.S. information reports (evaluated and unevaluated) regarding Mongolia were far different from the situation and developments of that period. New examples of this tendency are documents declassified in the early 2000s and released publicly from the American Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) in December 2016 which contain inaccurate information. The original, uncorrupted sources about why, how and to what degree the Mongolian People’s Republic (MPR) became a participant in the Korean War are in fact in documents held within the Mongolian Central Archives of Foreign Affairs. These archives contain multiple documents in relation to North Korea. Prior to the 1990s Mongolian scholars Dr. B. Lkhamsuren,3 Dr. B. Ligden,4 Dr. Sh. Sandag,5 junior scholar J. Sukhee,6 and A. A. Osipov7 mention briefly in their writings the history of relations between the MPR and the DPRK during the Korean War. Since the 1990s the Korean War has also briefly been touched upon in the writings of B. Lkhamsuren,8 D. Ulambayar (the author of this paper),9 Ts. Batbayar,10 J. Battur,11 K. Demberel,12 Balảzs Szalontai,13 Sergey Radchenko14 and Li Narangoa.15 There have also been significant collections of documents about the two countries and a collection of memoirs published in 200716 and 2008.17 The author intends within this paper to discuss particularly about why, how and to what degree Mongolia participated in the Korean War, the rumors and realities of the war and its consequences for the MPR’s membership in the United Nations. The MPR was the second socialist country following the Soviet Union (the Union of the Soviet Socialist Republics) to recognize the DPRK (Democratic People’s Republic of Korea) and establish diplomatic ties. That was part of the initial stage of socialist system formation comprising the Soviet Union, nations in Eastern Europe, the MPR, the PRC (People’s Republic of China) and the DPRK. Accordingly between the MPR and the DPRK fraternal friendship and a framework of cooperation based on the principles of proletarian and socialist internationalism had been developed.18 In light of and as part of this framework, The Korean War has left its deep traces in the history of the MPR’s external diplomatic environment and state sovereignty

Displace of Documentary Heritage from the Soviet Union to Poland during the Third Decade of the XXth Century

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 127-137
Author(s):  
Tatsiana Hiarnovich
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
International Agreements ◽  
Peace Treaty ◽  
Actual Process ◽  
Xxth Century ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
History Of ◽  
Selection Of

The paper explores the displace of Polish archives from the Soviet Union that was performed in 1920s according to the Riga Peace Treaty of 1921 and other international agreements. The aim of the research is to reconstruct the process of displace, based on the archival sources and literature. The object of the research is those documents that were preserved in the archives of Belarus and together with archives from other republics were displaced to Poland. The exploration leads to clarification of the selection of document fonds to be displaced, the actual process of movement and the explanation of the role that the archivists of Belarus performed in the history of cultural relationships between Poland and the Soviet Union. The articles of the Treaty of Riga had been formulated without taking into account the indivisibility of archive fonds that is one of the most important principles of restitution, which caused the failure of the treaty by the Soviet part.

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