Parasitological problems in high northern latitudes, with particular reference to Canada

Polar Record ◽  
1963 ◽  
Vol 11 (74) ◽  
pp. 567-577 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. W. M. Cameron ◽  
L. P. E. Choquette
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Canadian Arctic ◽  
White Men ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Native Population ◽  
The Past ◽  
Northern Latitudes ◽  
The World ◽  
Dew Line

Disease in the Canadian Arctic has, until quite recently, been of minor concern to the world. The Eskimo and northern Indian lived in a climate which was antagonistic to contact diseases and very little attention was paid to indigenous infections. During the past decade, more and more white men have gone to the Arctic to survey and mine its abundant natural resources, and to work on such projects as the DEW Line. This influx of personnel introduced bacteria and European viruses to a native population which had no resistance or immunity to the diseases of civilization, and consequently even such mild viruses as those producing colds have caused serious illnesses and mild epidemics; the introduction of tuberculosis has had tragic results.

Psycho-Social Problems Experienced by Native Population Groups in the Canadian Arctic Involved in Resource Development

1983 ◽  
Vol 2 (S1) ◽  
pp. 53-55
Author(s):  
Otto Schaefer
Keyword(s):  
Physical Health ◽  
Venereal Disease ◽  
Canadian Arctic ◽  
Resource Development ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Native Population ◽  
Nutritional Anemia ◽  
Children Obesity ◽  
The Face

Physical health and psycho-social impacts are very much related. There are indications that not only the psychological and social well-being of native peoples but also the physical health and nutritional status has deteriorated in the face of resource development activities in the Arctic. Examples are provided of nutritional anemia, infection of the gastro-intestinal and respiratory tracts in children, obesity, arteriosclerosis and metabolic problems in adults, as well as family break-down, alcohol abuse, venereal disease, and deaths due to violence.

6. Arctic governance

2021 ◽  
pp. 108-124
Author(s):  
Klaus Dodds ◽  
Jamie Woodward
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Civil Wars ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Arctic Council ◽  
Military Conflict ◽  
Northern Latitudes ◽  
The World

‘Arctic governance’ discusses how the Arctic, unlike many other parts of the world, has been spared military conflict, civil wars, and terrorism. Arctic governance involves an array of actors, legal regimes, institutional and social contexts, and strategic aspirations. In 1989, Finland approached the other seven Arctic states with a proposal for the Rovaniemi Meeting, which discusses the protection of the Arctic environment. This provided the foundation for the intergovernmental forum the Arctic Council (1996). The eight Arctic states will remain significant players in the future governance of the northern latitudes alongside indigenous peoples/permanent participants. There will always be powerful drivers that ensure that the 'global Arctic' will be prominent in multiple ways, including the role that China, the European Union, and other external states will play in shaping its future.

scholarly journals Development Trend of Crisis Management System in Korea

1991 ◽  
Vol 6 (0) ◽  
pp. 113-136
Author(s):  
Hak Yol Yoon
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Crisis Management ◽  
Racial Discrimination ◽  
Management System ◽  
Past History ◽  
Development Trend ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
Heavy Damage ◽  
Looking Back

From the beginning of history, a great number of wars caused by conflict of ideologies, racial discrimination, needs to reserve natural resources, and territorial ambitions have changed global maps and streams of history with heavy damage to mankind in all parts of the world. As mentioned above, a lot of events have also happened in persons, families, and every side of society. As results of wars, conflicts, party strifes, and ets., small or great events are inevitable at home and abroad. These kinds of great or small events always follow a crisis. Good crisis management can prevent one from causing great or small events by way of overcoming national strifes and international collision. Looking back upon the past history, wars around 900 times had caused sufferings of the Korean.

scholarly journals Geopolitics of the High North and its consequences

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 272-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryszard M. Czarny
Keyword(s):  
Power System ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Maritime Transport ◽  
Economic Opportunities ◽  
Global Power ◽  
The World

Abstract The increased interest in the Arctic by global players is generated by new economic opportunities related to commercial maritime transport, development of oil and gas deposits, mining, fisheries, and tourism. The natural results are closer economic and geopolitical relations between the Arctic and the rest of the world. Many observers perceive this development as a source of growing conflict because of competition related to control over the natural resources of the region. It seems also quite clear that the Arctic cannot follow its own original way of development which would be independent from the global power system.

scholarly journals Influence of North Pacific decadal variability on the western Canadian Arctic over the past 700 years

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 411-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
François Lapointe ◽  
Pierre Francus ◽  
Scott F. Lamoureux ◽  
Mathias Vuille ◽  
Jean-Philippe Jenny ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Variability ◽  
Sea Ice ◽  
North Pacific ◽  
Decadal Variability ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Canadian Arctic ◽  
Summer Precipitation ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Past Century ◽  
The Past

Abstract. Understanding how internal climate variability influences arctic regions is required to better forecast future global climate variations. This paper investigates an annually-laminated (varved) record from the western Canadian Arctic and finds that the varves are negatively correlated with both the instrumental Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) during the past century and also with reconstructed PDO over the past 700 years, suggesting drier Arctic conditions during high-PDO phases, and vice versa. These results are in agreement with known regional teleconnections, whereby the PDO is negatively and positively correlated with summer precipitation and mean sea level pressure respectively. This pattern is also evident during the positive phase of the North Pacific Index (NPI) in autumn. Reduced sea-ice cover during summer–autumn is observed in the region during PDO− (NPI+) and is associated with low-level southerly winds that originate from the northernmost Pacific across the Bering Strait and can reach as far as the western Canadian Arctic. These climate anomalies are associated with the PDO− (NPI+) phase and are key factors in enhancing evaporation and subsequent precipitation in this region of the Arctic. Collectively, the sedimentary evidence suggests that North Pacific climate variability has been a persistent regulator of the regional climate in the western Canadian Arctic. Since projected sea-ice loss will contribute to enhanced future warming in the Arctic, future negative phases of the PDO (or NPI+) will likely act to amplify this positive feedback.

The Common fossils of the British Rocks

The Geologist ◽  
1858 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
pp. 238-241
Author(s):  
S. J. Mackie
Keyword(s):  
Sedimentary Rocks ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Rock Masses ◽  
Scottish Highlands ◽  
The Past ◽  
Arctic Regions ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Common ◽  
Birth Time

A Man would see but little of the reality of the world if he shut himself up in his house, and only gazed out from the same window; he would learn little more if he contented himself with alternately gazing upon the scenes passing around him, from the windows of every storey. So a geologist, in limiting himself to the study of the rock-masses of a circumscribed area, would never, by the utmost perseverance, in going continually over the same ground, attain to a perfect understanding of the subject of his study. He must go abroad, either in his own person or equivalently, by making himself acquainted with the travels and labours of others. Our knowledge of the ancient conditions and relations of the oldest rock-masses would not be complete if we limited our investigations to those isolated patches in our own country, which, however important, are still only a part of that great whole, more important traces of which are to be met in regions far away. Thus those very old—indeed, primitive sedimentary rocks, represented in the British Isles in a fragmentary manner, as by the younger or bedded gneiss of the Scottish Highlands, assume in Canada and the Arctic regions proportions of great extent, and consequently, of far greater value. Far back in the obscurity of the past, as must be placed the birth-time of these primitive land-masses, we seem, in our first investigations, plunged in interminable ignorance, like the explorers of some vast subterranean cave in impenetrable darkness.

Beach observations of plastic and marine litter along the Northwest Passage

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Gijsbers ◽  
Hester Jiskoot
Keyword(s):  
Marine Pollution ◽  
Chukchi Sea ◽  
Canadian Arctic ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Canadian Arctic Archipelago ◽  
Bering Strait ◽  
Marine Litter ◽  
Northwest Passage ◽  
Distant Early Warning ◽  
Dew Line

<p>Marine litter and microplastics are everywhere. Even the Arctic Ocean, Svalbard and Jan Mayen Island are contaminated as various publications confirm. Little, however, is reported about marine waters and shores of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. This poster presents the results of a privately funded citizen science observation to scan remote beaches along the Northwest Passage for marine litter pollution.</p><p>The observations were conducted while enjoying the 2019 Northwest Passage sailing expedition of the Tecla, a 1915 gaff-ketch herring drifter. The expedition started in Ilulissat, Greenland, on 1 August and ended in Nome, Alaska, on 18 September. After crossing Baffin Bay, the ship continued along Pond Inlet, Navy Board Inlet, Lancaster Sound, Barrow Strait, Peel Sound, Franklin Strait, Rea Strait, Simpson Strait, Queen Maud Gulf, Coronation Gulf, Amundsen Gulf, Beaufort Sea, Chukchi Sea and Bering Strait. The vessel anchored in the settlement harbours of Pond Inlet, Taloyoak, Gjoa Haven, Cambridge Bay and Herschel Island. In addition, Tecla’s crew made landings at remote beaches on Disko Island (Fortune Bay, Disko Fjord), Beechey Island (Union Bay), Somerset Island (Four Rivers Bay), Boothia Peninsula (Weld Harbour), King William Island (M’Clintock Bay), Jenny Lind Island, and at Kugluktuk and Tuktoyaktuk Peninsula.</p><p>Following the categorization of the OSPAR Guideline for Monitoring Marine Litter on Beaches, litter observations were conducted without penetrating the beach surfaces. Beach stretches scanned varied in length from 100-400 m. No observations were conducted at inhabited settlements or at the abandoned settlements visited on Disko Island (Nipisat) and Beechey Island (Northumberland House).</p><p>Observations on the most remote beaches found 2-5 strongly bleached or decayed items in places such as Union Bay, Four Rivers Bay, Weld Harbour, Jenny Lind Island (Queen Maud Gulf side). Landings within 15 km of local settlements (Fortune Bay, Disko Fjord, Kugluktuk, Tuktoyaktuk) or near military activity (Jenny Lind Island, bay side) showed traces of local camping, hunting or fishing activities, resulting in item counts between 7 and 29. At the lee shore spit of M’Clintock Bay, significant pollution (> 100 items: including outboard engine parts, broken ceramic, glass, clothing, decayed batteries, a crampon and a vinyl record) was found, in contrast to a near-pristine beach on the Simpson Strait side. The litter type and concentration, as well as the remains of a building and shipwrecked fishing vessel indicate that this is an abandoned settlement, possibly related to the construction of the nearby Distant Early Warning Line radar site CAM-2 of Gladman Point. DEW Line sites have long been associated with environmental disturbances.</p><p>Given the 197 beach items recorded, it can be concluded that the beaches of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago, which are blocked by sea ice during most of the year, are not pristine. Truly remote places have received marine pollution for decades to centuries. Where (abandoned) settlements are at close range pollution from local activities can be discovered, while ocean currents, wind patterns, ice rafting, distance to river mouths, and flotsam, jetsam and derelict also determine the type and amount of marine litter along the Northwest Passage.</p>

scholarly journals Everyone goes fishing: Understanding procurement for men, women and children in an arctic community

2007 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerrie Ann Shannon
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Canadian Arctic ◽  
Division Of Labour ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Hunter Gatherers ◽  
The World ◽  
Women And Children ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Use Studies ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract This paper provides insight into Inuit procurement and gender roles. Through a focus on fishing derbies in the Canadian Arctic, this significant aspect of Inuit life is recognized. Many ethnographies and land use studies have previously concentrated on hunting. The fishing derby provides an alternative ethnographic example of procurement. It is an activity in which women, men, children, and elders participate. Women’s roles in the Arctic have often been discussed in terms of gender division of labour or in terms of their complementarity to men’s roles. The fishing derby demonstrates occasions when procurement activities are not necessarily divided along gender lines and thereby reveals a broader understanding of gender roles. The fishing derby is also an ethnographic example of skill as traditional knowledge and may inform how Inuit, and hunter-gatherers more generally, relate to the world around them.

Environmental Assessment in Russian Law: Can It Promote Sustainable Development in the Russian Arctic?

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 321-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inna A. Ignatyeva
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Environmental Assessment ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Russian Arctic ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Russian Law

Abstract The current plans of the Russian Federation to intensify significantly economic and other activities in Russian Arctic include the widespread exploitation of Arctic natural resources. At the same time, however, high vulnerability of the Arctic environment has been recognized in the country’s legislation. The plans for development in such a vulnerable region as the Arctic give rise to concern as to how it can be realized sustainably. For this reason, it is useful to examine one legal tool of environmental protection, an environmental assessment (EA) procedure, since this institution at least provides the possibility to enable the exploitation of Arctic’s natural resources in a way that protects the environment. Yet, as the article will point out, the conditions for effective EA have been in recent years severely limited, which can be seen in the current legislation. It is hence justifiable to be concerned of the future of Arctic vulnerable environment and, as the article proposes, restore some of the elements of the past EA legislation, which enable a stronger EA mechanism.

Ecology

2021 ◽  
pp. 460-494
Author(s):  
Eugene Anderson ◽  
James Beattie
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Environmental Degradation ◽  
Resource Extraction ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
Imperial Expansion

Empires throughout history have had an interdependent relationship with environment. They have, above all, been concerned with expanding wealth and power, usually through extending agriculture and timber-cutting, in addition to intensifying other forms of resource extraction. Competition over natural resources, and their more efficient exploitation, spread, and improvement, has driven imperial expansion over millennia, just as environmental degradation and disease sometimes have acted as brakes on such ambitions. Attitudes toward natural resources underwent change through resource commodification, a process which has accelerated over the last two hundred years, but which, as in the past, has not precluded wholly exploitative attitudes toward nature. Empires also connected and mobilized formerly geographically disparate people, organisms, and commodities around the world. And they utilized and facilitated the spread of technology, including that for exploiting natural resources, something especially evident through steam technology.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document