scholarly journals Sir Ian Gourlay

Polar Record ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann Savours

Sir Ian Gourlay had a distinguished career in the Royal Marines. He was born on 13 November 1920 and died on 17 July 2013, aged 92. During World War II, he took part in the landings in North Africa and fought in the Adriatic, in Italy and in Yugoslavia. He was appointed Commandant-General from 1971 to 1975, during which years he organised the change in training from jungle and desert warfare to the Arctic, in order to defend NATO's northern flank against possible Soviet aggression. He retired in 1975 from the Royal Marines, when he became Director General of the United World Colleges, at the request of Lord Mountbatten. During his fifteen years in office, this educational foundation for the world-wide development of international understanding expanded considerably. On its website on 30 September 2013, UWC's Executive Director recorded that the movement was transformed by Sir Ian, who proved to be an inspiration to very many people.

2007 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivana Guilherme Simili

As transformações observadas na educação e na moda, durante a participação do Brasil na Segunda Guerra Mundial (1942-1945), são examinadas à mão das propagandas das campanhas da Legião Brasileira de Assistência. Examinam-se os cartazes de quatro campanhas, para mostrar as mudanças que foram introduzidas nos comportamentos e nas atitudes das brasileiras, de modo a proporcionar a inserção e a participação feminina no conflito mundial. Abstract The transformations observed in the education and in fashion, during the participation of Brazil in World War II (1942-1945), are examined like the propagandas of the campaigns of the Brazilian Legion of Assistance. Are examined the posters of four campaigns, to show the changes that had been introduced in the behaviors and the attitudes of Brazilians in order to provide the insertion and the feminine participation in the world-wide conflict. Palavras-chave: Educação. Moda. Propaganda. Key words: Education. Fashion. Propagandas.


2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 273-285
Author(s):  
Shalahuddin Al-Ayubbi

Abstrak Pendudukan Mesir oleh Napoleon, Kaisar Prancis, pada tahun 1798 memperkenalkan dunia Arab dengan peradaban modern. Selain menjajah, Prancis juga mengenalkan produk-produk peradaban yang baru. Alhasil, orang Islam mulai mengenal berbagai wacana terbaru di masa itu. Turki sebagai penguasa dunia Islam tidak tinggal diam. Ia mengutus Muhammad Ali Pasha untuk mengusir Prancis dari Mesir. Setelah melalui peperangan yang melelahkan akhirnya Prancis  dapat  dikalahkan.  Tak  lama  kemudian, Muhammad Ali mentahbiskan diri  sebagai penguasa Mesir dan melanjutkan proyek pembaruan yang sebelumnya diletakkan oleh Prancis. Dunia Islam kembali bergolak, paska kekalahan blok Jerman dalam Perang Dunia I pada 1918, dimana Turki tergabung di dalamnya. Mesir jatuh ke tangan Inggris sebagai bagian dari pemenang perang. Hingga awal Perang Dunia II, Mesir masih berada di tangan Inggris. Hal ini ditunjukkan dengan dijadikannya Mesir sebagai pangkalan perang Sekutu ketika mengalahkan tentara Jerman di front Afrika Utara pada bulan November 1942. Perang Dunia II diakhiri dengan kemenangan Sekutu dan kekalahan Jerman dan pendukungnya. Meskipun Mesir tidak terlibat langsung, pengaruh PD II sangat kental dalam menumbuhkembangkan semangat nasionalisme untuk bebas dari cengkeraman penguasa lokal yang menjadi wakil dari Inggris. Selain itu, kemenangan Rusia sebagai salah satu peserta PD II, ikut membawa wacana sosialisme ke Mesir yang diadopsi oleh gerakan Opsir Bebas sebagai ideologi dan nilai dasar pergerakannya. Selanjutnya, Opsir Bebas yang telah bekerja sama dengan Ikhwanul Muslimin menjadi aktor intelektual dan penggerak bagi rakyat Mesir untuk menjemput revolusi pada tahun 1952.---Abstract The french emperor, Napoleon, who inhabited Egypt, had introduced  the modern civilization of Arab  in 1798 to the world. Besides, Franch also introduced the modern products. As the result, many muslims began to have a new view of the time. Turk as a new ruler of muslims world had to take a part for it. It delegated Muhammad Ali Pasha to expelled Franch from Egypt. After finishing the exhausting war, he finally conquered French. Soon, Muhammad Ali Pasha confirmed himself as a new ruler of Egypt and continued the new project which was planned by Franch. World of Islam began to flared up after Germany had been defeated during the World War I in 1918, where Turk joined in it. Egypt were handed down to England as the winner. By the beginning of World War II, Egypt were still controlled by England. It can be seen from the Egypt where allied force base was put in it during the defeat of Germany in North Africa on November 1942. World War II was ended by the allies glory and the the loses of Germany and its supporters. Despite of Egypt had not involved, however, the effects of world War II had arisen the nationalism to get rid of local ruler as the British representative. In addition to this, the glory of Russia as one of the participants of World War II had brought a new view of socialism into Egypt which was adapted by free movement as the basic ideology and values. Next, the free movement opsir who cooperated with Ikhwanul Muslimin became the intellectual actor and locomotive for people in  Egypt to have revolution in 1952. DOI : 10.5281/zenodo.556797


2021 ◽  
pp. 485-506
Author(s):  
Daniel J. Schroeter

The Jews of the Muslim Middle East and North Africa (MENA) were shaped by the expansion of the Ottoman Empire in the sixteenth century and the influx of Sephardim. Jews were a part of the multicultural landscape, speaking mainly Judeo-Arabic and Judeo-Spanish. New diaspora communities were formed of Jews based on their places of origin: Livorno, Baghdad, Aleppo, or from the Maghrib—Ma’aravim—who migrated to different parts of MENA and other parts of the world. New identities and Jewish diasporas were created as MENA was divided between the British and French and as independent Arab states emerged. With decolonization after World War II and the establishment Israel, the nearly one million MENA Jews left their countries of origins for Israel, Europe, and the Americas. In Israel they became known collectively as “Mizrahim” and were identified by their countries of origin as Moroccan, Tunisian, Egyptian, Yemeni, Syrian, or Iraqi.


Polar Record ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 404-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Ackrén ◽  
Uffe Jakobsen

ABSTRACTGreenland was used by the US as a platform and as an extended arm within its security and foreign policy during the World War II and the cold war. After this things changed, although Greenland remained important in Danish-US relations under the umbrella of NATO. Nowadays, the geostrategic position of Greenland between North America and Europe is gaining fresh prominence in the race for natural resources in the Arctic. Many issues arise from the prospective opening of the Arctic, all of which may have fateful impacts on future development in the region. Climate change, claims related to the extension of the continental shelf, exploitation and exploration of natural resources, together with the protection of indigenous peoples are all current issues that must be taken into consideration in the context of security and foreign policy formation in Greenland. The future of the Thule Air Base is also relevant. This article reviews developments from the World War II to the present regarding international relations from a Greenlandic perspective. As a self-governing sub-national territory within the realm of Denmark, Greenland does not have the ultimate decision-making power within foreign and security policy. The new Self-Government Act of 2009, however, gives Greenland some room for manoeuvre in this respect.


2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-41
Author(s):  
Maftuna Sanoqulova ◽  

This article consists of the politics which connected with oil in Saudi Arabia after the World war II , the relations of economical cooperations on this matter and the place of oil in the history of world economics


Author(s):  
Pavel Gotovetsky

The article is devoted to the biography of General Pavlo Shandruk, an Ukrainian officer who served as a Polish contract officer in the interwar period and at the beginning of the World War II, and in 1945 became the organizer and commander of the Ukrainian National Army fighting alongside the Third Reich in the last months of the war. The author focuses on the symbolic event of 1961, which was the decoration of General Shandruk with the highest Polish (émigré) military decoration – the Virtuti Militari order, for his heroic military service in 1939. By describing the controversy and emotions among Poles and Ukrainians, which accompanied the award of the former Hitler's soldier, the author tries to answer the question of how the General Shandruk’s activities should be assessed in the perspective of the uneasy Twentieth-Century Polish-Ukrainian relations. Keywords: Pavlo Shandruk, Władysław Anders, Virtuti Militari, Ukrainian National Army, Ukrainian National Committee, contract officer.


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